Your search found 6 records
1 Tesfaye, A.; Hansen, J.; Kassie, G. T.; Radeny, M.; Solomon, D.. 2019. Estimating the economic value of climate services for strengthening resilience of smallholder farmers to climate risks in Ethiopia: a choice experiment approach. Ecological Economics, 162:157-168. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.04.019]
Climate change ; Resilience ; Extreme weather events ; Risk coping strategies ; Economic value ; Agricultural extension ; Agricultural warning services ; Estimation ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Willingness to pay ; Socioeconomic environment ; Households ; Models / Ethiopia / Oromia / Malima / Ada'a / Dodota
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049488)
(1.40 MB)
This study estimated the economic value of agricultural climate services for strengthening the resilience of smallholder farmers to climate variability and risks in Ethiopia. Using a choice experiment approach, the study introduced a hypothetical package of improved climate services to 600 randomly selected smallholder farmers in three districts across three different agro-ecological zones in the Oromia Regional State. A generalized multinomial logit (G-MNL) model was used to estimate preferred attributes of climate services and willingness-to-pay (WTP) values. The results show that the preferred bundle of improved climate services among smallholder farmers was one that could be communicated in short text message system, provided along with credit facility, and market information and one that favors participatory decision making by smallholders. The results further reveal that the WTP value exhibited high implicit price for participatory decision-making. The study sheds light on important characteristics of agricultural climate services that may improve their acceptability and usability among smallholders. It also highlights the importance of packaging additional services including digital and ICT-based solutions, financial and market information along with climate services to promote demand-driven last mile delivery systems. Engaging smallholder farmers in a participatory manner in the decision-making process can help them make informed decision.
2 Yaekob, T.; Tamene, L.; Gebrehiwot, S. G.; Demissie, S. S.; Adimassu, Zenebe; Woldearegay, K.; Mekonnen, K.; Amede, T.; Abera, W.; Recha, J. W.; Solomon, D.; Thorne, P. 2022. Assessing the impacts of different land uses and soil and water conservation interventions on runoff and sediment yield at different scales in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 37(S1):S73-S87. (Special issue: Restoring Degraded Landscapes and Fragile Food Systems) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170520000010]
Land use ; Soil conservation ; Erosion ; Water conservation ; Impact assessment ; Highlands ; Watersheds ; Runoff ; Sediment yield ; Discharges ; Soil loss ; Hydrological factors ; Rain / Ethiopia / Gudo Beret
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049533)
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/4F63E376EE1DAEB257043E7197E5B060/S1742170520000010a.pdf/assessing_the_impacts_of_different_land_uses_and_soil_and_water_conservation_interventions_on_runoff_and_sediment_yield_at_different_scales_in_the_central_highlands_of_ethiopia.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049533.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049533.pdf
(1.41 MB) (1.41 MB)
To tackle the problem of soil erosion and moisture stress, the government of Ethiopia introduced a yearly mass campaign where communities get together and implement various soil and water conservation (SWC) and water harvesting (WH) practices. Although the interventions are believed to have reduced soil erosion/sediment yield and enhanced surface and ground water, quantitative information on the impacts of various options at different scales is scarce. The objective of this study was to assess the impacts different land uses, SWC and WH interventions on water and suspended sediment yield (SSY) at plot and watershed scales in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Standard erosion plot experiments and hydrological stations were used to monitor the daily water and SSY during 2014 to 2017. The results show differences between treatments both at plot and watershed scales. Runoff and soil loss were reduced by an average 27 and 37%, respectively due to SWC practices at the plot level. Overall, SWC practices implemented at the watershed level reduced sediment yield by about 74% (in the year 2014), although the magnitude of sediment reduction due to the SWC interventions reduced over time. At both scales it was observed that as the number of years since SWC measures have been in place increased, their effectiveness declined due to the lack of maintenance. This study also revealed that extrapolating of plot data to watershed scale causes over or under estimation of net erosion.
3 Ricciardi, V.; Wane, A.; Sidhu, B. S.; Godde, C.; Solomon, D.; McCullough, E.; Diekmann, F.; Porciello, J.; Jain, M.; Randall, N.; Mehrabi, Z. 2020. A scoping review of research funding for small-scale farmers in water scarce regions. Nature Sustainability, 3(10):836-844. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-00623-0]
Small scale farming ; Research support ; Water scarcity ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Donors ; Income ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Gender ; Livelihoods ; Natural resources ; Environmental impact ; Livestock ; Irrigation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050033)
(4.47 MB) (4.47 MB)
Water scarcity is a global issue that disproportionately affects small-scale farmers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Through geospatial analysis, we estimated that less than 37% of small-scale farms probably have irrigation in water scarce regions across LMICs, compared with 42% of non-small-scale farms. Through a literature synthesis assisted by machine learning, we then systematically mapped the existing research for on-farm interventions that improve the incomes or yields of small-scale farmers in water scarce regions. We mapped over 888 on-farm interventions used to combat water scarcity from 560 publications and showed a research bias towards yields rather than livelihoods. We found gaps in evidence for many commonly proposed solutions, including livestock management, digital technology and solutions to protect natural resources at the farm-level, such as buffer strips. Our findings can be used to set a funding agenda for research on the geographies that are most at risk of water scarcity and the interventions that most lack evidence.
4 Eshete, G.; Assefa, B.; Lemma, E.; Kibret, G.; Ambaw, G.; Samuel, S.; Seid, J.; Tesfaye, K.; Tamene, L.; Haile, A.; Asnake, A.; Mengiste, A.; Hailemariam, S. N.; Ericksen, P.; Mekonnen, K.; Amede, T.; Haileslassie, Amare; Hadgu, K.; Woldemeskel, E.; Solomon, D.. 2020. Ethiopia climate-smart agriculture roadmap 2020-2030. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). 36p.
Climate-smart agriculture ; Climate change ; Vulnerability ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Agricultural practices ; Policies ; Strategies ; Institutions ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Gender ; Capacity development ; Farmers / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050321)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/110993/Ethiopia%20CSA%20Roadmap%20Final%20Version.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050321.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050321.pdf
(11.30 MB) (11.3 MB)
5 Feliciano, D.; Recha, J.; Ambaw, G.; MacSween, K.; Solomon, D.; Wollenberg, E. 2022. Assessment of agricultural emissions, climate change mitigation and adaptation practices in Ethiopia. Climate Policy, 22(4):427-444. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2028597]
Climate change mitigation ; Climate change adaptation ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Agricultural practices ; Assessment ; Land use ; Land management ; Food security ; Agroforestry ; Livestock production ; Crop yield ; Organic fertilizers ; Carbon sequestration ; Stakeholders ; Knowledge sharing ; Developing countries ; Livelihood diversification / Ethiopia / Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR) / Kembata Tembaro / Doyogena / Tula Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051450)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14693062.2022.2028597
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051450.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051450.pdf
(2.41 MB) (2.41 MB)
The agricultural sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in Ethiopia, as it is the basis of the economy and the primary source of employment. This study investigated the implementation of mitigation and adaptation practices in smallholder farms in Ethiopia, estimated GHG emissions associated with mitigation practices, and identified potential mitigation options and barriers and enabling factors for implementation. Twenty-five smallholder farmers were selected by a local development agency and interviewed in the field about their land use and land management practices and the Mitigation Options Tool (MOT) was used to estimate GHG emissions, to identify mitigation options and co-benefits, and as a platform for promoting learning and knowledge exchange across different types of stakeholders. All farmers interviewed in the field acknowledged changes in the climate, but only some were implementing adaptation practices to cope with such changes, namely, crop rotations, planting new crop types, and the early sowing of crops. Fewer mitigation practices were implemented, namely reduced tillage and application of manure in cereal crops and potatoes. These practices were mainly implemented because of their benefits for soil conservation (e.g. fertility, soil water holding capacity, yield stabilization, erosion avoidance) rather than for mitigation (carbon sequestration) purposes. Greenhouse gas emissions from the application of synthetic fertilizer to crops, and from livestock production varied widely across farmers depending on the amount of fertilizer applied and the number and type of livestock raised. Tenancy rights and extension services were identified as potential enablers of the adoption of climate change mitigation and adaptation practices by smallholder farmers in Ethiopia, and competing uses for straw was a potential barrier for the incorporation of residues in the soil. Barriers and enabling factors should be assessed thoroughly through further engagement with farmers as well as data on the amount of organic matter added to the soil, as these practices have co-benefits in terms of soil conservation, which are especially relevant for climate change adaptation in semi-dry climates. The MOT could be used in the future as a facilitator for knowledge exchange between researchers and practitioners in Ethiopia, and in other developing countries where data availability is low, to support the identification of effective climate change mitigation and adaptation actions.
6 Gebrechorkos, S. H.; Taye, Meron Teferi; Birhanu, B.; Solomon, D.; Demissie, T. 2023. Future changes in climate and hydroclimate extremes in East Africa. Earth's Future, 11(2):e2022EF003011. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF003011]
Climate change adaptation ; Hydroclimate ; Extreme weather events ; Forecasting ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Drought ; Floods ; Rivers ; Stream flow ; Climate models ; Impact assessment ; Hydrological modelling / East Africa / Ethiopia / Kenya / United Republic of Tanzania / Uganda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051758)
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2022EF003011
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051758.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051758.pdf
(8.11 MB) (8.11 MB)
Climate change is affecting the agriculture, water, and energy sectors in East Africa and the impact is projected to increase in the future. To allow adaptation and mitigation of the impacts, we assessed the changes in climate and their impacts on hydrology and hydrological extremes in East Africa. We used outputs from seven CMIP-6 Global Climate Models (GCMs) and 1981–2010 is used as a reference period. The output from GCMs are statistically downscaled using the Bias Correction-Constructed Analogs with Quantile mapping reordering method to drive a high-resolution hydrological model. The Variable Infiltration Capacity and vector-based routing models are used to simulate runoff and streamflow across 68,300 river reaches in East Africa. The results show an increase in annual precipitation (up to 35%) in Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya and a decrease (up to 4.5%) in Southern Tanzania in the 2050s (2041–2070) and 2080s (2071–2100). During the long rainy season (March–May), precipitation is projected to be higher (up to 43%) than the reference period in Southern Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda but lower (up to -20%) in Tanzania. Large parts of Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Southern Ethiopia show an increase in precipitation (up to 38%) during the short rainy season (October–December). Temperature and evapotranspiration will continue to increase in the future. Further, annual and seasonal streamflow and hydrological extremes (droughts and floods) are projected to increase in large parts of the region throughout the 21st century calling for site-specific adaptation.
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