Your search found 7 records
1 O’Keeffe, J.; Kaushal, N.; Bharati, Luna; Smakhtin, Vladimir. 2012. Assessment of environmental flows for the Upper Ganga Basin. [Project report of the environmental flows assessment done under the Living Ganga Program]. New Delhi, India: World Wide Fund for Nature - India (WWF-India). 161p.
Environmental flows ; Assessment ; River basins ; Drought ; Freshwater ; Ecosystems ; Hydrology ; Hydraulics ; geomorphology ; Surveys ; Biodiversity ; Social aspects ; Living conditions ; Upstream ; Water resources ; Water use ; Water quality ; Indicators ; Land use ; Land cover / India / Upper Ganga Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044950)
http://awsassets.wwfindia.org/downloads/exec_summary_mail_1_28.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044950.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044950.pdf
(1.10 MB) (1.10MB)
Ecosystem integrity as well as the goods and services offered by the rivers in India are getting adversely affected by changes in quantity, quality and flow regimes. Growing water abstractions for agriculture, domestic, industrial and energy use are leaving many rivers running dry, while others are becoming severely polluted. The mighty Ganga is no exception. During its 2,525 km journey from Gangotri to Ganga Sagar, there are complex, nested sets of challenges that threaten the very existence of the holy river revered by millions of Indians. In the upper Himalayan reaches, the flow in the river is vulnerable to water abstractions by hydropower projects, both existing and proposed. From the time the river enters the plains, abstractions for agriculture, urban and industrial uses leave the river lean and polluted. As the river's dynamics have been altered by diversions and inefficient use, the freshwater flow has reduced, leading to a reduction in the river’s assimilative capacity. As the river makes its way to the sea, and more pollution is added to the lean flows, the stress on the Ganga increases. Climate change is adding another set of complexities to the problems of the Ganga and to the hundreds of millions of people who depend on the river and its basin.
2 Bharati, Luna; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Gurung, Pabitra; Lacombe, Guillaume; Amarasinghe, Upali A.; Sapkota, Pratibha; Hoanh, Chu Thai. 2012. Environmentally sustainable water resources management in the Upper Ganga Basin under changing climate conditions. [Project report prepared by IWMI for World Wide Fund for Nature, India under the project "Environmentally Sustainable Water Resources Management in the Upper Ganga Basin"]. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 51p.
Water resources ; Water management ; River basins ; Hydrology ; Simulation models ; Climate change ; Rain ; Temperature ; Relative humidity ; Wind speed ; Water balance ; Water allocation ; Water availability ; Water use ; Canal irrigation ; Environmental flows / India / Upper Ganga Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045053)
(2.50 MB)
3 Amarasinghe, Upali A.; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Bharati, Luna; Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh. 2013. Reallocating water from canal irrigation for environmental flows: benefits forgone in the Upper Ganga Basin in India. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 15(2):385-405. [doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10668-012-9385-1]
Water allocation ; Canal irrigation ; Irrigation efficiency ; Environmental flows ; River basins ; Water use ; Simulation models / India / Upper Ganga Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045075)
(0.48 MB)
This paper assesses the potential loss of irrigation benefits in reallocating water from irrigation to meet requirements for environmental flows (e-flows) in the Upper Ganga Basin (UGB) in northern India. The minimum requirement for e-flows in the UGB is 32 billion cubic meters (BCM), or 42 % of the mean annual runoff. The current runoff during the low-flow months falls below the minimum requirement for e-flows by 5.1 BCM. Depending on irrigation efficiency, reallocation of 41–51 % of the water from canal irrigation withdrawals can meet this deficit in minimum e-flows. The marginal productivity of canal irrigation consumptive water use (CWU), estimated from a panel regression with data from 32 districts from 1991 to 2004, assesses the potential loss of benefits in diverting water away from crop production. In the UGB, canal irrigation contributes to only 8 % of the total CWU of 56 BCM, and the marginal productivity of canal irrigation CWU across districts is also very low, with a median of 0.03 USD/m3. Therefore, at present, the loss of benefits is only 1.2–1.6 % of the gross value of crop production. This loss of benefits can be overcome with an increase in irrigation efficiency or marginal productivity.
4 O’Keeffe, J.; Kaushal, N.; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Bharati, Luna. 2012. Assessment of environmental flows for the Upper Ganga Basin. [Summary project report of the environmental flows assessment done under the Living Ganga Program]. New Delhi, India: World Wide Fund for Nature - India (WWF-India). 24p.
Environmental flows ; Assessment ; River basins ; Ecosystems ; Water quality ; Biodiversity / India / Upper Ganga Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H045079)
http://awsassets.wwfindia.org/downloads/exec_summary_mail_1_28.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045079.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045079.pdf
(1.10 MB) (1.10MB)
5 Tare, V.; Gurjar, S. K.; Mohanta, H.; Kapoor, V.; Modi, A.; Mathur, R. P.; Sinha, R. 2017. Eco-geomorphological approach for environmental flows assessment in monsoon-driven highland rivers: a case study of Upper Ganga, India. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 13:110-121. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2017.07.005]
Environmental flows ; Assessment ; Geomorphology ; Highlands ; Rivers ; Flow discharge ; Monsoon climate ; Dams ; Fishes ; Species ; Ecosystems ; Case studies / India / Upper Ganga Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048328)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581816301471/pdfft?md5=4276b5bae230a6edf6fd9c53633f9c73&pid=1-s2.0-S2214581816301471-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048328.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048328.pdf
(1.12 MB) (1.12 MB)
Study region: Upper Ganga reaches up to Rishikesh town, India.
Study focus: Environmental Flows (E-Flows) assessment in the upper stretches of the Ganga river has been carried out by integrating ecological and geomorphological parameters with hydraulic analysis to estimate the flow depths and flow volumes necessary for river ecology and channel maintenance. We have used a modified version of Building Block Method (BBM) for computing E-Flows for lean period, for monsoon period and for high floods based on the flow requirements of keystone species for different sites and geomorphic considerations. We define three flow depths, D1, D2 and D3 which correspond to the minimum flow depths required for sustenance of keystone species during lean period, for breeding and spawning of keystone species during monsoon period, and for maintaining lateral connectivity during floods respectively.
New hydrological insights for the region: Annual hydrographs for E-Flows have been developed and compared with the observed flows for each site under natural flow conditions. Our computation shows that for the wet period, which is taken as the period from mid-May to mid-October, monthly E-Flows vary from ~23% to ~40% of the monthly natural flows at different sites. However, dry season E-Flows as percentages of natural flows, taken for the period from mid-October to mid-May, vary over a wider range of 29%–53% for these sites.
Study focus: Environmental Flows (E-Flows) assessment in the upper stretches of the Ganga river has been carried out by integrating ecological and geomorphological parameters with hydraulic analysis to estimate the flow depths and flow volumes necessary for river ecology and channel maintenance. We have used a modified version of Building Block Method (BBM) for computing E-Flows for lean period, for monsoon period and for high floods based on the flow requirements of keystone species for different sites and geomorphic considerations. We define three flow depths, D1, D2 and D3 which correspond to the minimum flow depths required for sustenance of keystone species during lean period, for breeding and spawning of keystone species during monsoon period, and for maintaining lateral connectivity during floods respectively.
New hydrological insights for the region: Annual hydrographs for E-Flows have been developed and compared with the observed flows for each site under natural flow conditions. Our computation shows that for the wet period, which is taken as the period from mid-May to mid-October, monthly E-Flows vary from ~23% to ~40% of the monthly natural flows at different sites. However, dry season E-Flows as percentages of natural flows, taken for the period from mid-October to mid-May, vary over a wider range of 29%–53% for these sites.
6 Sharma, D.; Khandekar, N.; Sachdeva, K. 2019. Addressing water-related shocks and coping decision through enhanced community participation: case studies from Ganga Basin, Uttarakhand, India. Water Policy, 21(5):999-1016. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.026]
Natural disasters ; Community involvement ; Participatory rural appraisal ; Climate change ; Flooding ; Geographical information systems ; Water resources ; Groundwater ; Water springs ; Rivers ; Water availability ; Social aspects ; Villages ; Case studies / India / Uttarakhand / Upper Ganga Basin / Hakimpur Turra / Khadri Kharak Maf / Kimkhola
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049409)
(0.49 MB)
Farming communities in the Upper Ganga basin, nestled in the Himalayan region, are finding it extremely difficult to face water-related shocks, which stand to profoundly impact their quality of life and livelihoods, due to climate change. Often, coping strategies (technological or institutional interventions), developed by planners, become counter-productive as they are not in cognizance with the end user community. This study presents a methodology to enable incorporation of community knowledge and expectations in planning by integrating participatory rural appraisal (PRA) with geographic information systems, leading to better informed coping strategies. As part of this, we create thematic maps which: (i) capture information on a spatial scale (otherwise lost during PRA), (ii) facilitate community participation for further research and planning in their contexts, and, (iii) co-create knowledge to develop a shared understanding of water-related hazards at the village level. The proposed methodology is presented through three case study sites – two in the plains (<500 masl) and one in the middle (500–1,500 masl) elevation regions of Upper Ganga basin. We show how this way of approaching context analysis facilitates community involvement as well as co-creating a knowledge base which can help researchers and government officials with mindful planning of interventions in the area.
7 Pranjal, P.; Chatterjee, R. S.; Kumar, D.; Dwivedi, S.; Jally, S. K.; Kumar, B. 2023. Satellite gravity observation and hydrological modelling-based integrated groundwater storage change in northwestern India. Journal of Hydroinformatics, 25(2):226-242. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2023.072]
Groundwater recharge ; Hydrological modelling ; Satellite observation ; Hydrometeorology ; Water storage ; Soil moisture ; Groundwater table ; Water balance ; Groundwater depletion ; Infiltration ; Aquifers ; River basins ; Land use ; Land cover ; Infiltration water ; Remote sensing ; Rainfall ; Runoff ; Evapotranspiration ; Soil moisture / India / Delhi / Haryana / Punjab / Rajasthan / Gujarat / Uttar Pradesh / Uttarakhand / Himachal Pradesh / Madhya Pradesh / Maharashtra / Upper Ganga Basin / Yamuna Basin / Chambal Basin / Luni-Ghaggar Basin / Narmada Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051924)
https://iwaponline.com/jh/article-pdf/25/2/226/1201970/jh0250226.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051924.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051924.pdf
(1.46 MB) (1.46 MB)
This paper presents a novel approach for an improved estimate of regional groundwater storage (GWS) change in Northwestern India by integrating satellite-based Gravity Recovery and Climate Exchange (GRACE) gravity observation and hydrological modelling of satellite/in situ hydrometeorological data. Initially, GRACE observation-based terrestrial water storage (TWS) change and hydrological model-based TWS change products were integrated using weight coefficients derived from multi-linear regression analysis of TWS change vs governing hydrological components. Later, the monthly average soil moisture change was subtracted from the monthly average individual and integrated TWS change products to obtain GWS change products. By spatial correlation analysis, three GWS change products were then compared with groundwater level (GWL) fluctuation-based in situ GWS change. Hydrological model, spaceborne GRACE observation, and integrated GWS change products show a positive correlation in ~59, ~69, and ~73% of the area with in situ GWS change. While a hydrological model-based estimate considers geology, terrain, and hydrometeorological conditions, GRACE gravity observation includes groundwater withdrawal from aquifers. All the factors are included in the integrated product. The approach overcomes the limitations of GRACE observation (spatial resolution, geology, terrain, and hydrometeorological factors), hydrological modelling (groundwater withdrawal conditions), and conventional GWL fluctuation-based method (inadequate spatial continuity and cumbersome, labour-intensive exercise).
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