Your search found 62 records
1 Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali; Joffre, O.; Suhardiman, Diana; Balasubramanya, Soumya; Pavelic, Paul; Htut, U. Y. T.; McCartney, Matthew; Johnston, Robyn. 2013. Community survey on water access, availability and management issues in the dry zone of Myanmar: final report for component 2. [Project report of the Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund (LIFT) Dry Zone Program]. Vientiane, Laos: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Yangon, Myanmar: Myanmar Marketing Research and Development (MMRD). 74p.
Water management ; Water resources ; Water availability ; Arid zones ; Surveys ; Villages ; Climate change ; Weather hazards ; Rain ; Income ; Livestock ; Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater resources ; Water quality ; Water allocation ; Water use ; Water user associations ; Irrigated farming ; Rainfed farming ; Crops ; Food security ; Institutions ; Research projects ; Investment ; Income / Myanmar / Dry Zone
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046134)
(0.77 MB)
2 Fan, S.; Pandya-Lorch, R.; Yosef, S. (Eds.) 2014. Resilience for food and nutrition security. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 211p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896296787]
Food security ; Nutrition ; Food policies ; Food prices ; Climate change ; Weather hazards ; Farmers ; Agricultural extension ; Advisory services ; Pastoralism ; Conflict ; Refugees ; Rural poverty ; Households ; Gender ; Living standards ; Public health ; Social aspects ; Non governmental organizations ; Case studies / Africa South of Sahara / Somalia / Kenya / Ethiopia / Djibouti / Yemen
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.1926 G000 FAN Record No: H046861)
http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/oc79.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046861.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046861.pdf
(3.87 MB) (3.87 MB)
3 Kakumanu, Krishna Reddy. 2015. An insight on farmers' willingness to pay for risk management: a case of weather based crop insurance. In Prasad, J. D.; Gangaiah, B.; Chandra, K. S. Agricultural risk management. Hyderabad, India: BS Publications. pp.202-220. [Based on presentations made at the National Seminar on Agricultural Risk Management: Challenges and Strategies in Making Small and Marginal Farm holdings Sustainable and Profitable, Hyderabad, India, 3-4 January 2014]
Risk management ; Weather hazards ; Crop insurance ; Farmers attitudes ; Farm income ; Agricultural production ; Rice ; Subsidies ; Irrigation programs ; River basins ; Climate change / India / Andhra Pradesh / Krishna River Basin / Nagarjuna Sagar Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046887)
4 Ojha, H. R.; Sulaiman, R. V.; Sultana, P.; Dahal, K.; Thapa, D.; Mittal, N.; Thompson, P.; Bhatta, G. D.; Ghimire, L.; Aggarwal, P. 2014. Is South Asian agriculture adapting to climate change?: evidence from the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 38:505-531. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2013.841607]
Climate change ; Weather hazards ; Adaptation ; Agriculture ; Cropping systems ; Farmers ; Technological changes ; Socioeconomic environment ; Case studies / South Asia / India / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Nepal / Punjab / Indo-Gangetic Plains
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047253)
(0.35 MB)
Despite growing scientific consensus that agriculture is affected by climate change and variability, there is still limited knowledge on how agricultural systems respond to climate risks under different circumstances. Drawing on three case studies conducted in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, covering Nepal, Bangladesh, and the Indian state of Punjab, this article analyzes agricultural adaptation practices to climate change. In particular, we examine how farmers and other agricultural actors understand and respond to climate change. We identify a variety of adaptation practices related to changes in cropping system, technological innovations, and institutional changes. We also explore key challenges related to such emerging adaptive innovation processes in the region.
5 Jayasree, V.; Venkatesh, B. 2015. Analysis of rainfall in assessing the drought in semi-arid region of Karnataka state, India. Water Resources Management, 29(15):5613-5630. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-015-1137-1]
Weather hazards ; Drought ; Precipitation ; Semiarid zones ; Rainfall patterns ; GIS ; Mapping ; Spatial distribution ; Models ; Meteorological stations / India / Karnataka / Deccan Plateau
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047777)
(1.58 MB)
The present study focuses on drought analysis with an aim to understand the drought vulnerability, estimate and map the drought duration and severity in drought prone North Interior Karnataka region, India. A detailed analysis were carried out using rainfall data of more than 178 (with greater than 30 years data) stations to understand the drought characteristics. Rainfall descriptive variability, percentage occurrence of drought incidences and spatial distribution of rainfall were derived. In order to evaluate the drought severity and its extent and to map, method proposed by Ponce et al. (2000) and the Geographic Information System has been used. The method by Ponce et al. (2000) characterize drought based on intensity, duration and recurrence interval using mean annual precipitation of a location. The results obtained for the study area indicate that, the region is mostly semi-arid with drought occur for more than 50 % of the time. The majority of the drought events are of moderate intensity with few extreme intensity events. Further, it is noticed that, in many station, the rainfall show a decreasing trend. Since, rainfall in this region are mostly declining due to climatic change, the area would experience increasing drought severity in the forthcoming years. The outcome of the study would be useful in understanding the drought pattern, severity and extent in the study area which can be used by scientists and water management professionals to plan drought mitigation measures.
6 Semasinghe, Christina; Benders, Jorien; Vairavamoorthy, Visakan; Fernando, Sudarshana; Drechsel, Pay. 2016. Vulnerability and resilience of the urban food system to extreme weather: a case study of Colombo, Sri Lanka [Abstract only]. In Centre de cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD). International Conference on Agri-Chains and Sustainable Development: Linking Local and Global Dynamics, Montpellier, France, 12-14 December 2016. Abstracts Book. Paris, France: Centre de cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD). pp.180-181.
Food supply ; Urban areas ; Weather hazards ; Flooding ; Resilience ; Vegetables ; Fish ; Commodity markets ; Supply chain ; Case studies / Sri Lanka / Colombo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047892)
http://acsd2016.cirad.fr/content/download/4317/32688/version/1/file/Book+of+abstracts.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047892.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047892.pdf
(0.05 MB) (1.84 MB)
7 Solik, B.; Penning-Rowsell, E. C. 2017. Adding an implementation phase to the framework for flood policy evolution: insights from South Africa. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 33(1):51-68. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2016.1142860]
Disaster risk management ; Risk reduction ; Flooding ; Policy ; Evolution ; Frameworks ; Legislation ; Weather hazards ; Assessment ; State intervention ; Case studies / South Africa / Eden District Municipality
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048005)
(1.44 MB)
South African flood risk management policy changed radically after the end of apartheid (1994), with the Disaster Management Act of 2002 promoting a modern proactive approach. However, policy document research and two case studies show an implementation deficit. The ‘crises and catalysts’ theoretical framework used to analyze flood policy evolution needs more attention to implementation issues and the learning involved. Future flood policy change in South Africa or elsewhere should ensure that the process of learning is purposefully embedded within the structures, procedures and practices that are promoted to facilitate policy implementation, rather than being left to chance.
8 Komi, K.; Neal, J.; Trigg, M. A.; Diekkruger, B. 2017. Modelling of flood hazard extent in data sparse areas: a case study of the Oti River Basin, West Africa. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 10:122-132. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2017.03.001]
Weather hazards ; Flooding ; Forecasting ; Hydrology ; Models ; Calibration ; Simulation ; Performance evaluation ; Rainfall-runoff relationships ; Satellite observation ; Remote sensing ; River basins ; Floodplains ; Case studies / West Africa / Oti River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048094)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581817300757/pdfft?md5=b29831cd1e8f2bbfc9b9d2dbdebcdcce&pid=1-s2.0-S2214581817300757-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048094.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048094.pdf
(1.59 MB) (1.59 MB)
Study region: Terrain and hydrological data are scarce in many African countries. The coarse spatial resolution of freely available Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission elevation data and the absence of flow gauges on flood-prone reaches, such as the Oti River studied here, make flood inundation modelling challenging in West Africa.
Study focus: A flood modelling approach is developed here to simulate flood extent in data scarce regions. The methodology is based on a calibrated, distributed hydrological model for the whole basin to simulate the input discharges for a hydraulic model which is used to predict the flood extent for a 140 km reach of the Oti River.
New hydrological insight for the region: Good hydrological model calibration (Nash Sutcliffe coefficient: 0.87) and validation (Nash Sutcliffe coefficient: 0.94) results demonstrate that even with coarse scale (5 km) input data, it is possible to simulate the discharge along this region’s rivers, and importantly with a distributed model, derive model flows at any ungauged location within basin. With a lack of surveyed channel bathymetry, modelling the flood was only possible with a parametrized sub-grid hydraulic model. Flood model fit results relative to the observed 2007 flood extent and extensive sensitivity testing shows that this fit (64%) is likely to be as good as is possible for this region, given the coarseness of the terrain digital elevation model.
Study focus: A flood modelling approach is developed here to simulate flood extent in data scarce regions. The methodology is based on a calibrated, distributed hydrological model for the whole basin to simulate the input discharges for a hydraulic model which is used to predict the flood extent for a 140 km reach of the Oti River.
New hydrological insight for the region: Good hydrological model calibration (Nash Sutcliffe coefficient: 0.87) and validation (Nash Sutcliffe coefficient: 0.94) results demonstrate that even with coarse scale (5 km) input data, it is possible to simulate the discharge along this region’s rivers, and importantly with a distributed model, derive model flows at any ungauged location within basin. With a lack of surveyed channel bathymetry, modelling the flood was only possible with a parametrized sub-grid hydraulic model. Flood model fit results relative to the observed 2007 flood extent and extensive sensitivity testing shows that this fit (64%) is likely to be as good as is possible for this region, given the coarseness of the terrain digital elevation model.
9 Amarnath, Giriraj; Alahacoon, Niranga; Smakhtin, V.; Aggarwal, P. 2017. Mapping multiple climate-related hazards in South Asia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 41p. (IWMI Research Report 170) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.207]
Climate change adaptation ; Natural disasters ; Weather hazards ; Mapping ; Flooding ; Drought ; Rain ; Erosion ; Temperature ; Sea level ; Water levels ; Coastal area ; Sloping land ; Tsunamis ; Agriculture ; Impact assessment ; Population ; Risk management ; Socioeconomic environment ; Land cover / South Asia / India / Bangladesh / Sri Lanka / Pakistan / Nepal / Bhutan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048140)
(6.07 MB)
This Research Report presents the first comprehensive overview of the multiple climate hazard risks, and the proposed key issues and challenges facing the South Asian region. This report suggests methods for mapping such risks and estimating their impacts on people and agriculture in South Asia. Regional, country-wise and sub-national assessment of five climate-related risks – floods, droughts, extreme rainfall, extreme temperature and sea-level rise – is carried out. The approach involves overlaying climate hazard, sensitivity and adaptive capacity maps, and follows the vulnerability assessment framework of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). A combined index based on hazard, exposure and adaptive capacity is introduced to identify areas susceptible to extreme risk. There is a lack of a systematic and comprehensive risk assessment capturing multiple climate hazards for the entire South Asian region and the need for a common framework for risk assessment. While this approach is well grounded in theories and integration of various spatial data including remote sensing data to derive hazard information, there is a clear need for linking additional elements from the ground at a finer scale among various sectors in developing comprehensive risk assessment information for a disaster risk management plan and promoting risk financing strategies.
10 Papaioannou, K. J.; de Haas, M. 2017. Weather shocks and agricultural commercialization in colonial tropical Africa: did cash crops alleviate social distress? World Development, 94:346-365. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.01.019]
Weather hazards ; Climate change ; Rain ; Drought ; Agriculture ; Commercialization ; Crop production ; Cash crops ; Harvesting ; Exports ; Food shortages ; Economic aspects ; Social aspects ; Colonialism ; Models / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048149)
(0.91 MB)
A rapidly growing body of research examines the ways in which climatic variability influences economic and societal outcomes. This study investigates how weather shocks triggered social distress in British colonial Africa. Further, it intervenes in a long-standing and unsettled debate concerning the effects of agricultural commercialization on the abilities of rural communities to cope with exogenous shocks. We collect qualitative evidence from annual administrative records to explore the mechanisms linking weather extremes to harvest failures and social distress. We also conduct econometric testing on a novel panel dataset of 143 administrative districts across west, south-central, and east Africa in the Interwar Era (1920–39). Our findings are twofold. First, we find robust evidence that rainfall anomalies (both drought and excessive precipitation) are associated with spikes in imprisonment (our proxy for social distress). We argue that the key causal pathway is the loss of agricultural income, which results in higher imprisonment for theft, unrest, debt, and tax default. Second, we find that the impact of weather shocks on distress is partially mitigated by the cultivation of export crops. Our findings suggest that, even in the British colonial context, smallholder export crop cultivation led to higher private incomes as well as greater public investment. Our findings speak to a topic of considerable urgency today as the process of global climate change accelerates, generating more severe and unpredictable climatic extremes. An increased understanding and identification of adaptive and mitigating factors would assist in targeting policy interventions and designing adaptive institutions to support vulnerable rural societies.
11 Nasiri, H.; Yusof, M. J. M.; Ali, T. A. M. 2016. An overview to flood vulnerability assessment methods. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2(3):331-336. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-016-0051-x]
Disaster risk management ; Weather hazards ; Flooding ; Risk assessment ; Indicators ; Evaluation techniques ; Planning ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048194)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs40899-016-0051-x.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048194.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048194.pdf
(0.40 MB) (400 KB)
Vulnerability is the main construct in flood risk management. One of the most significant aims of flood vulnerability assessment is to make a clear association between the theoretical conceptions of flood vulnerability and the daily administrative process. Variety of approaches has been introduced to assess vulnerability therefore selection of more appropriate methodology is vital for authorities. The more accepted assessing methods can be categorized in four groups: curve method, disaster loos data method, computer modeling methods and indicator based methods. The purpose of this study is to review these methods and compare their benefits and drawbacks. The article concluded that the indicator-based approach gives more precise vision of overall flood vulnerability in each area rather than other approaches.
12 Khan, H. F.; Morzuch, B. J.; Brown, C. M. 2017. Water and growth: an econometric analysis of climate and policy impacts. Water Resources Research, 53(6):5124-5136. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR020054]
Water stress ; Economic growth ; Climate change ; Policy making ; Econometrics ; Regression analysis ; Models ; Intensive farming ; Hydroclimatology ; Weather hazards ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; River basins ; Surface runoff
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048200)
(1.76 MB)
Water-related hazards such as floods, droughts, and disease cause damage to an economy through the destruction of physical capital including property and infrastructure, the loss of human capital, and the interruption of economic activities, like trade and education. The question for policy makers is whether the impacts of water-related risk accrue to manifest as a drag on economic growth at a scale suggesting policy intervention. In this study, the average drag on economic growth from water-related hazards faced by society at a global level is estimated. We use panel regressions with various specifications to investigate the relationship between economic growth and hydroclimatic variables at the country-river basin level. In doing so, we make use of surface water runoff variables never used before. The analysis of the climate variables shows that water availability and water hazards have significant effects on economic growth, providing further evidence beyond earlier studies finding that precipitation extremes were at least as important or likely more important than temperature effects. We then incorporate a broad set of variables representing the areas of infrastructure, institutions, and information to identify the characteristics of a region that determine its vulnerability to water-related risks. The results identify water scarcity, governance, and agricultural intensity as the most relevant measures affecting vulnerabilities to climate variability effects.
13 Dadson, S.; Hall, J. W.; Garrick, D.; Sadoff, C.; Grey, D.; Whittington, D. 2017. Water security, risk, and economic growth: insights from a dynamical systems model. Water Resources Research, 53(8):6425-6438. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020640]
Water security ; Weather hazards ; Risk reduction ; Water poverty ; Water policy ; Economic growth ; Models ; Decision making ; Investment ; Assets ; Constraints
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048226)
(2.09 MB)
Investments in the physical infrastructure, human capital, and institutions needed for water resources management have been noteworthy in the development of most civilizations. These investments affect the economy in two distinct ways: (i) by improving the factor productivity of water in multiple economic sectors, especially those that are water intensive such as agriculture and energy and (ii) by reducing acute and chronic harmful effects of water-related hazards like floods, droughts, and water-related diseases. The need for capital investment to mitigate risks and promote economic growth is widely acknowledged, but prior conceptual work on the relationship between water-related investments and economic growth has focused on the productive and harmful roles of water in the economy independently. Here the two influences are combined using a simple, dynamical systems model of water-related investment, risk, and growth. In cases where initial water security is low, initial investment in water-related assets enables growth. Without such investment, losses due to water-related hazards exert a drag on economic growth and may create a poverty trap. The presence and location of the poverty trap is context-specific and depends on the exposure of productive water-related assets to water-related risk. Exogenous changes in water-related risk can potentially push an economy away from a growth path toward a poverty trap. Our investigation shows that an inverted-U-shaped investment relation between the level of investment in water security and the current level of water security leads to faster rates of growth than the alternatives that we consider here, and that this relation is responsible for the "S"-curve that is posited in the literature. These results illustrate the importance of accounting for environmental and health risks in economic models and offer insights for the design of robust policies for investment in water-related productive assets to manage risk, in the face of environmental change.
14 Hill, R. V.; Porter, C. 2017. Vulnerability to drought and food price shocks: evidence from Ethiopia. World Development, 96:65-77. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.02.025]
Weather hazards ; Drought ; Food prices ; Households ; Poverty ; Inflation ; Welfare ; Gender ; Socioeconomic environment ; Food consumption ; Forecasting ; Models ; Crop losses ; Rural areas / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048241)
(0.31 MB)
While the measurement and determinants of poverty have been widely studied, vulnerability, or the threat of future poverty, has been more difficult to investigate due to data paucity. We combine nationally representative household data with objective drought and price information to quantify and investigate causes of vulnerability to poverty in Ethiopia. Previous estimates have relied on self-reported shocks and variation in outcomes within a survey, which is inadequate for shocks such as weather and prices that vary more across time than space. We used historical distributions of climate and price shocks in each district to simulate the probable distribution of future consumption for individual households and use these quantify vulnerability to poverty. We find that many Ethiopians are unable to protect their consumption against lack of rainfall and sudden increases in food prices. A moderate drought causes a 9% reduction in consumption for many rural households and recent high inflation has caused a 14% reduction in the consumption of uneducated households in urban areas. We also find that the vulnerability of rural households is considerably higher than that of urban households, despite realized poverty rates being fairly similar. This reflects the fact that the household survey in 2011 was conducted during a year of good rainfall but rapid food price inflation. The results highlight the need for caution in using a snapshot of poverty to target programs, as underlying rates of vulnerability can be quite different from the poverty rate captured at one point in time. The results also suggest that significant welfare gains can be made from risk management in both rural and urban areas.
15 Sanchez-Triana, E.; Ortolano, L.; Paul, T. 2018. Managing water-related risks in the West Bengal Sundarbans: policy alternatives and institutions. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 34(1):78-96. (Special issue: Politics and Policies for Water Resources Management in India). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2016.1202099]
Water management ; Risk management ; Climate change ; Weather hazards ; Disaster preparedness ; Strategies ; Water policy ; Institutions ; Biodiversity conservation ; Coastal area ; Sea level ; Migration ; Incentives / India / West Bengal / Sundarbans
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048474)
(3.20 MB)
Persistent pressures from water-related threats – sea-level rise, soil and water salinization, and flooding due to embankment overtopping and failure – have made the West Bengal Sundarbans a challenging place to live, and effects of global climate change will only worsen conditions. Four alternative policy directions are examined: business as usual; intensive rural development; short-term out-migration of residents; and embankment realignment and facilitation of voluntary, permanent out-migration. The last of these is the recommended approach. Study findings have informed ongoing deliberations to build consensus on future policy directions for reducing the region’s vulnerability to natural disasters.
16 Thatte, C. D. 2018. Water resources development in India. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 34(1):16-27. (Special issue: Politics and Policies for Water Resources Management in India). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1364987]
Water resources development ; Water management ; Water policy ; Water law ; Water rights ; Bureaucracy ; Legal aspects ; State intervention ; Water use ; Food production ; Natural resources ; River basin management ; Weather hazards / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048483)
(0.97 MB)
India, an ancient rural and agricultural society that is rapidly modernizing, receives a fair share of its yearly precipitation in only a few days of the monsoon, with high inter-annual variability. In most of its regions, therefore, India needs to store a large proportion of its annual runoff in reservoirs for use in non-monsoon months. In spite of this strategy being in operation for the last 60 years, India’s per capita reservoir storage is relatively small, and water-use efficiency also remains low. Though the overall performance of the water sector in terms of matching of supply and demand has improved, the country remains challenged by deficiencies in laws, regulation policies and institutions, and weakened by a suboptimal work culture in politics, legislature, technocracy and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).
17 Gao, J.; Mills, B. F. 2018. Weather shocks, coping strategies, and consumption dynamics in rural Ethiopia. World Development, 101:268-283. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.09.002]
Weather hazards ; Resilience ; Coping strategies ; Rain ; Temperature ; Household consumption ; Rural poverty ; Social security ; Villages ; Rural areas ; Models / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048485)
(2.23 MB)
Rural households adopt a broad range of strategies to cope with adverse weather shocks. Previous studies have examined the effectiveness of individual coping strategies in mitigating the impact of adverse weather shocks, but no study to date has presented a comprehensive evaluation of alternative coping strategies. We employ household panel data spanning 15 years to estimate the impact of weather shocks on consumption and poverty dynamics in rural Ethiopia, along with the effectiveness of household coping strategies in alleviating the impact of shocks. We find that rainfall increases are positively associated with per adult equivalent consumption, while high temperatures are negatively associated with consumption. In terms of household coping strategies, formal social safety net transfers mitigate the impact of adverse rainfall shocks on consumption and off-farm employment mitigates the impact of high-temperature shocks. Simulations suggest that rainfall shocks and formal social safety net transfers significantly influence household poverty dynamics. By contrast, high-temperature shocks and off-farm employment have less impact on poverty dynamics. The results highlight the need for social protection programs that support existing household coping strategies and that can rapidly respond to weather shocks.
18 Sujakhu, N. M.; Ranjitkar, S.; Niraula, R. R.; Salim, M. A.; Nizami, A.; Schmidt-Vogt, D.; Xu, J. 2018. Determinants of livelihood vulnerability in farming communities in two sites in the Asian highlands. Water International, 43(2):165-182. (Special issue: Climate Change and Adaptive Water Management: Innovative Solutions from the Global South). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2017.1416445]
Living standards ; Climate change adaptation ; Risk assessment ; Households ; Farmers ; Highlands ; Communities ; Socioeconomic environment ; Weather hazards ; Indicators ; Case studies / South Asia / Pakistan / Nepal / Garam Chasma Valley / Melamchi River Valley
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048597)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02508060.2017.1416445?needAccess=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048597.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048597.pdf
(2.21 MB) (2.21 MB)
To identify the indicators of adaptive capacity that determine vulnerability of households, an intensive investigation was conducted in farming communities at two locations in the Asian highlands. Livelihood vulnerability was assessed, classified to four categories and regressed against current adaptive capacity using logistic regression. Household head’s education, irrigated land, non-agricultural income, and technologies used were associated with adaptive capacity. The strengthening of human, natural and financial capital is identified as the best means of managing risk in farming communities in this mountainous region.
19 Damania, R.; Desbureaux, S.; Hyland, M.; Islam, A.; Moore, S.; Rodella, A.-S.; Russ, J.; Zaveri, E. 2017. Uncharted waters: the new economics of water scarcity and variability. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank. 101p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1179-1]
Water scarcity ; Water management ; Economic growth ; Climate change ; Weather hazards ; Rain ; Drought ; Water supply ; Industrial uses ; Water quality ; Water policy ; Regulations ; Agricultural productivity ; Farmland ; Water demand ; Food security ; Risk management ; Infrastructure ; Investment ; Deforestation ; Urban areas ; Gender ; Public health / Africa South of Sahara / Latin America / Madagascar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048722)
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/28096/9781464811791.pdf?sequence=21
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048722.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048722.pdf
(4.94 MB) (4.94 MB)
20 Kheradmand, S.; Seidou, O.; Konte, D.; Batoure, M. B. B. 2018. Evaluation of adaptation options to flood risk in a probabilistic framework. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 19:1-16. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2018.07.001]
Flooding ; Risk assessment ; Adaptation ; Evaluation ; Floodplains ; Weather hazards ; Mapping ; Probability analysis ; Hydrology ; Models / West Africa / Niger / Niamey / Niger River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048913)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581818300417/pdfft?md5=882a660199d75c84e350d4a6d94ec2aa&pid=1-s2.0-S2214581818300417-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048913.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048913.pdf
(5.66 MB) (5.66 MB)
Study region: City of Niamey, Niger, West Africa.
Study focus: This paper aims to explore the possibility of implementing a probabilistic framework for flood risk estimation for the city of Niamey, Niger. A probabilistic set of flood maps were generated by forcing a HEC-RAS model with a stochastically generated ensemble of flood peaks representing the river regime at Niamey. Loss curves were derived from expert judgment, and various adaptation options to flood risk were examined by considering two main variables: a) buildings’ material; b) dike height (ranged from 180.5 m to 184 m, at a 0.5 m interval) within a scenario-based framework. Floods with return periods of 2- to 1000-yr were considered in estimating total loss, and benefits and costs of different adaptation options were compared.
New hydrological insights for the region: It was found that increasing the height of the dikes would lead to smaller economic losses, while rebuilding with better materials would increase the average annual economic losses, but might decrease the risk of human casualties. Individual and combined impact of decision variables on flood risk were estimated for the city of Niamey. Quantitative tools were developed to help decision-makers and regulators choose the best preventive measures to mitigate flood risk.
Study focus: This paper aims to explore the possibility of implementing a probabilistic framework for flood risk estimation for the city of Niamey, Niger. A probabilistic set of flood maps were generated by forcing a HEC-RAS model with a stochastically generated ensemble of flood peaks representing the river regime at Niamey. Loss curves were derived from expert judgment, and various adaptation options to flood risk were examined by considering two main variables: a) buildings’ material; b) dike height (ranged from 180.5 m to 184 m, at a 0.5 m interval) within a scenario-based framework. Floods with return periods of 2- to 1000-yr were considered in estimating total loss, and benefits and costs of different adaptation options were compared.
New hydrological insights for the region: It was found that increasing the height of the dikes would lead to smaller economic losses, while rebuilding with better materials would increase the average annual economic losses, but might decrease the risk of human casualties. Individual and combined impact of decision variables on flood risk were estimated for the city of Niamey. Quantitative tools were developed to help decision-makers and regulators choose the best preventive measures to mitigate flood risk.
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