Your search found 7 records
1 Dekker, L. W.; Ritsema, C. J.. 1994. How water moves in a water repellent sandy soil: 1. Potential and actual water repellency. Water Resources Research, 30(9):2507-2517.
Hydraulics ; Sandy soils ; Soil water movement ; Soil properties ; Rain ; Groundwater ; Flow discharge
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H015885)
2 Ritsema, C. J.; Dekker, L. W. 1994. How water moves in a water repellent sandy soil: 2. Dynamics of fingered flow. Water Resources Research, 30(9):2519-2531.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H015886)
3 Bronswijk, J. J. B.; Groenenberg, J. E.; Ritsema, C. J.; van Wijk, A. L. M.; Nugroho, K. 1995. Evaluation of water management strategies for acid sulphate soils using a simulation model: A case study in Indonesia. Agricultural Water Management, 27(2):125-142.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H016770)
4 Ritsema, C. J.; Stolte, J.; van den Elsen, E. G. M.; Rui, L.; Liu, B.; Fu, B.; Liding, C.; Jetten, V.; Hessel, R.; Ledin, S.; Messing, I.; Fagerström, M. 2003. Reducing sediment loads to the Yellow River: options and challenges from land use and soil and water conservation perspective. In Yellow River Conservancy Commission. Proceedings, 1st International Yellow River Forum on River Basin Management – Volume II. Zhengzhou, China: The Yellow River Conservancy Publishing House. pp.343-350.
River basin development ; Sedimentation ; Erosion ; Models ; Water conservation ; Soil conservation ; Participatory management / China / Yellow River / Loess Plateau
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G592 YEL Record No: H033866)
5 Yohannes, D. F.; Ritsema, C. J.; Solomon, H.; Froebrich, J.; van Dam, J. C. 2017. Irrigation water management: farmers’ practices, perceptions and adaptations at Gumselassa Irrigation Scheme, North Ethiopia. Agricultural Water Management, 191:16-28. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.05.009]
Irrigation water ; Water management ; Irrigation schemes ; Water scarcity ; Farmers attitudes ; Adaptation ; Strategies ; Innovation ; Irrigation methods ; Irrigation practices ; Irrigation scheduling ; Water shortage ; Crop yield ; Environmental effects ; Water user associations ; Households ; Women's participation ; Local government / Ethiopia / Tigray / Gumselassa Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048224)
(1.28 MB)
Poor irrigation water management associated with water scarcity is the major reason for underperformance of most small-scale irrigation schemes in Ethiopia. In order to devise appropriate measures for rehabilitation of the failing schemes and to enhance farmers’ adaptation capacity to water scarcity, it is important to assess site specific plot and scheme level water management practices, challenges, farmers’ perceptions and adaptation strategies. So far, there is no such study in the context of Tigray, Ethiopia. A survey was conducted on 109 farmers in three groups based on the source of irrigation water, which included canal, seepage and both canal and seepage water users. Focus group discussions with elders, water users association (WUA) committee and women headed households were also made. Furthermore, random field measurements on conveyance loss, groundwater depth and quality (EC) were also taken to verify the farmers’ perception. The respondents’ perception of severe water scarcity at scheme level and poor on-farm and scheme level water management practices are among the major causes for aggravating water scarcity, crops yield decline and soil salinization were in line with field observations. Despite several adaptation strategies of the farmers at plot and at scheme level, yield is still declining. The only adaptation strategy that has been enforced by the local government authority was reduction of the irrigated land. However, in the 2016 irrigation season the farmers were allowed to make their own decisions that resulted in innovative water scarcity adaptation strategies and that doubled the irrigated land as compared to the local authority plan. This showed the significance of allowing the beneficiaries to make their own decisions. To rehabilitate Gumselassa irrigation scheme as well as to enhance the adaptation capacity of the farmers to water scarcity capacity building and empowerment of the WUA and improvement on the existing water structure is required.
6 Grum, B.; Assefa, D.; Hessel, R.; Woldearegay, K.; Ritsema, C. J.; Aregawi, B.; Geissen, V. 2017. Improving on-site water availability by combining in-situ water harvesting techniques in semi-arid northern Ethiopia. Agricultural Water Management, 193:153-162. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.08.009]
Water availability ; Water harvesting ; Techniques ; Straw mulches ; Ridge tillage ; Soil moisture ; Runoff ; Soil hydraulic properties ; Rain ; Hydrometeorology ; Watersheds ; Semiarid zones / Ethiopia / Gule Sub-Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048375)
(2.78 MB)
Crop production in arid and semi-arid environments is strongly affected by temporal variation of water availability during the growth period. In-situ water harvesting techniques such as tied ridges and mulching improve water availability over time and may improve crop yield. A field experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014 in the Gule sub-watershed, Northern Ethiopia to study the effect of combining in-situ water harvesting techniques on on-site water regime, i.e., runoff and soil-moisture content. Five treatments with tied ridges, straw mulch, tied ridges and straw mulch together, straw mulch plus effective microorganisms and a combination of tied ridges, straw mulch and effective microorganisms and an untreated control were tested. Combined tied ridges and straw mulch with and without effective microorganisms significantly reduced average runoff per event by 78 and 88%, respectively, compared to the control. Tied ridges alone reduced runoff by 56% and straw mulch with and without effective microorganisms reduced runoff by 49 and 53%, respectively. Average soil-moisture content over the two years was significantly higher (22.4%) in combined tied ridges and straw mulch than the control (19.9%). Tied ridges or straw mulch alone significantly reduced runoff and improved soil-moisture content, but the two combined were more efficient. The findings suggest that combining straw mulch and tied ridges enhance water infiltration into the soil and improve water availability during the growing season, thereby protecting crops from dry periods.
7 Adham, A.; Wesseling, J. G.; Abed, R.; Riksen, M.; Ouessar, M.; Ritsema, C. J.. 2019. Assessing the impact of climate change on rainwater harvesting in the Oum Zessar Watershed in southeastern Tunisia. Agricultural Water Management, 221:131-140. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.05.006]
Rainwater harvesting ; Techniques ; Climate change ; Water availability ; Watersheds ; Models ; Evapotranspiration ; Catchment areas ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Forecasting / Tunisia / Oum Zessar Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049324)
(2.02 MB)
Climate change is believed to have a large impact on water resources system both globally and regionally. It has become a major global issue, especially in developing countries because these are most affected by its impacts. Rainwater harvesting techniques offer an alternative source of water and represent specific adaptive strategies to cope with water scarcity within future climate change. Studying the impact of climate change on rainwater harvesting techniques, however, is difficult, because the general circulation models (GCMs) which are widely used to simulate scenarios of future climate change operate on a coarse scale. We estimated the impact of climate change on water availability at the watershed level by downscaling precipitation and temperature from the GCMs using a statistical downscaling model. A water harvesting model then assessed the performance of the rainwater harvesting techniques for the Oum Zessar watershed in southeastern Tunisia under current climatic conditions and scenarios of future climate change. Annual temperature tended to increase and precipitation tended to decrease. These changes of climatic variables were used in the water harvesting model to simulate future water availability. Changing the directions of water flow between sub-catchments in combination with changing the spillway heights strongly affected the performance of rainwater harvesting under the scenarios of future climate, resulting in a sufficient water supply for 92% of all sub-catchments, compared to 72% without these changes.
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