Your search found 21 records
1 Cambodia. Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology. 2003. Training manual for participatory irrigation management and development in Cambodia. Module 2. Participatory irrigation management and development: policy, legal and institutional framework. Phnom Penh, Cambodia: Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology. 36p.
Participatory management ; Irrigation management ; Irrigation development ; Training programmes ; Public services ; Farmers ; Water user associations ; Legal aspects ; Committees / Cambodia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.587 G700 CAM Record No: H046424)
(0.37 MB)
2 Lemperiere, Philippe; Hagos, Fitsum; Lefore, Nicole; Haileslassie, Amare; Langan, Simon. 2014. Establishing and strengthening irrigation water users associations (IWUAs) in Ethiopia: a manual for trainers. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 76p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2014.232]
Irrigation systems ; Infrastructure ; Water user associations ; Training materials ; Local government ; Gender ; Management ; Committees ; Legal aspects ; Regulations ; Farmer participation ; Drainage systems ; Economic aspects ; Budgets ; Subsidies / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046826)
(866 KB)
3 Lindblom, A.-K. 2012. Non-governmental organisations in international law. New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. 559p. (Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law)
International law ; Nongovernmental organizations ; International organizations ; Intergovernmental organizations ; Corporate culture ; Legal systems ; International relations ; State intervention ; International cooperation ; Conferences ; International agreements ; Conventions ; Humanitarian organizations ; Human rights ; Social aspects ; Discrimination ; Courts ; Committees ; Civil societies ; Democracy
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 341.2 G000 LIN Record No: H047623)
(0.57 MB)
4 Mandara, C. G.; Niehof, A.; van der Horst, H. 2017. Women and rural water management: token representatives or paving the way to power? Water Alternatives, 10(1):116-133.
Gender ; Women's participation ; Water management ; Domestic water ; Water supply ; Rural communities ; Water governance ; Committees ; Community involvement ; Assemblies ; Social welfare ; Villages ; Leadership ; Decision making ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Development projects ; Maintenance ; Capital allocation ; Case studies / Tanzania / Dodoma / Kondoa / Mpwapwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048056)
http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol10/v10issue1/345-a10-1-7/file
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048056.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048056.pdf
(0.60 MB) (608 KB)
This paper discusses how informal structures intersect with women’s participation in formally created decision-making spaces for managing domestic water at the village level in Tanzania. The results reveal the influence of the informal context on women’s access to and performance in the formal decision-making spaces. Overall, there is low community involvement in local governance structures, and in most village assemblies that of women is even less. Only in the Social Welfare Committee women are fairly well represented, presumably because of its linkage with the traditional division of labour and women’s practical gender needs. In the Village Water Committees, women’s representation is regulated by a quota system but women rarely occupy leadership positions. Even when husbands are supportive, patriarchal culture, scepticism and negative stereotypical assumptions on female leadership frustrate the government’s effort to enlarge women’s representation in the local decision-making spaces. Three entry points for change were identified: successful women leaders as role models; women’s passive participation in village meetings that could develop into active participation; and women’s membership of social and economic groups which strengthens their skills and bargaining position.
5 Whaley, L.; Cleaver, F. 2017. Can ‘functionality’ save the community management model of rural water supply? Water Resources and Rural Development, 9:56-66. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wrr.2017.04.001]
Water supply ; Rural areas ; Community management ; Models ; Water governance ; Decentralization ; Committees ; Corporate culture ; Sustainability ; Social aspects ; Technology ; Methodology / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048192)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212608216300274/pdfft?md5=073d6f763292a2b1faed0cf121cbdb00&pid=1-s2.0-S2212608216300274-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048192.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048192.pdf
(0.27 MB) (276 KB)
As attention increasingly turns to the sustainability of rural water supplies - and not simply overall levels of coverage or access - water point functionality has become a core concern for development practitioners and national governments, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Within the long-enduring Community-Based Management (CBM) model this has resulted in increased scrutiny of the “functionality” of the local water point committee (WPC) or similar community management organisation. This paper reviews the literature written from both practice-focused and critical-academic perspectives and identifies three areas that pose challenges to our understanding of water point functionality as it relates to CBM. These concern the relative neglect of (i) the local institutional and socio-economic landscape, (ii) broader governance processes and power dynamics, and (iii) the socio-technical interface. By examining these three areas, the paper engages with the specific issue of WPC functionality, whilst also considering broader issues relating to the framing of problems in development and the methodological and disciplinary ways that these are addressed. Furthermore, by focusing on community management of rural water points, the paper lays the ground for a more substantial critique of the continuing persistence of the CBM model as a central development strategy.
6 Kelly, E.; Lee, K.; Shields, K. F.; Cronk, R.; Behnke, N.; Klug, T.; Bartram, J. 2017. The role of social capital and sense of ownership in rural community-managed water systems: qualitative evidence from Ghana, Kenya, and Zambia. Journal of Rural Studies, 56:156-166. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.08.021]
Water supply ; Communal ownership ; Water management ; Community management ; Collective action ; Community involvement ; Committees ; Sustainability ; Resource management ; Social capital ; Information exchange ; Decision making ; Women's participation ; Socioeconomic environment ; Equity ; Labour ; Developing countries ; Rural communities / Ghana / Kenya / Zambia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048374)
(0.36 MB)
Many water systems in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries are community-managed. Ensuring the long-term sustainability of community-managed systems is important to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) six, which calls for universal access to safe water. Social capital and sense of ownership are theorized to influence the effectiveness of community-management. To explore this relationship, we conducted a qualitative study of how and why social capital and sense of ownership facilitate water system sustainability, and their relationship to one another. Individual interviews and focus group discussions with community members, water committee members, local leaders, and external support actors were conducted in eighteen communities with successful community-managed water systems in Ghana, Kenya, and Zambia. We found that social capital facilitates water system solicitation, water committee elections, resource mobilization, and information sharing. Sense of ownership plays a role in organizing and enabling water system decision processes, physical labor, and resource mobilization. Both social capital and sense of ownership facilitate different forms of community participation that are crucial to processes which support water system sustainability. Further, our results suggest a new theoretical framework where social capital and sense of ownership are inherently linked through community participation and can thereby interact to magnify or undermine each other's effects. Results also suggest that social capital and sense of ownership can have meaningful effects on socioeconomic and gender equality in rural communities by creating opportunities for alternative resource mobilization and female participation. We suggest external support actors actively assess and leverage the social strengths of rural communities, identify successful and skilled community members, encourage female leadership, and emphasize activities and trainings that incorporate social capital and ownership.
7 Kumar, M. D. 2018. Proposing a solution to India’s water crisis: ‘paradigm shift’ or pushing outdated concepts? International Journal of Water Resources Development, 34(1):42-50. (Special issue: Politics and Policies for Water Resources Management in India). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2016.1253545]
Water scarcity ; Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Groundwater ; Aquifers ; Dams ; River basins ; Organizations ; Water authorities ; Water user associations ; Committees ; Communal irrigation systems ; Irrigation canals ; Irrigation efficiency / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048476)
(0.84 MB)
This article is a critique of the report of the committee chaired by Dr Mihir Shah on restructuring the Central Water Commission and Central Ground Water Board of India. It shows that the recommendations of the committee are not based on any sound understanding of the federal nature of water administration in India, water-sector performance or the problems confronting it. The ‘paradigm shift’ in the suggested approach to water management is based on flawed analysis of the performance of surface irrigation systems and outdated concepts of irrigation efficiency, and reflects the professional bias of its members against large water infrastructure and wishful thinking about what schemes like aquifer mapping can achieve.
8 Torou, Bio Mohamadou; Debevec, Liza; Da, D. E. C. 2018. La difficile territorialisation de la gestion de l’eau au Burkina Faso: une lecture au filtre de la theorie de la proximite. In French. [Challenging territorialization of water management in Burkina Faso: analysis through the framework of proximity]. Developpement Durable et Territoires, 9(1):1-20. [doi: https://doi.org/10.4000/developpementdurable.12046]
Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water user associations ; Committees ; Spatial distribution ; Territory ; Local communities ; Conflict ; Frameworks / Burkina Faso / Kou / Yitenga
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048719)
https://journals.openedition.org/developpementdurable/pdf/12046
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048719.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048719.pdf
(0.47 MB) (480 KB)
Our paper aims to analyze the modalities of coordination among local actors who are involved in integrated water resources management. So as to understand the dynamics of territorialization, we ground our analysis in the proximity framework to highlight that social and spatial relations around water resources are unbalanced. How this spatial inequality is taken into account may favor, or on the contrary, harm the sustainability of coordination. The approach in terms of proximity allows us to account for the complex articulation between the processes of territorial construction and the subsidiarity and participation principles presented as gage of IWRM success.
9 Jimenez-Redal, R.; Soriano, J.; Holowko, N.; Almandoz, J.; Arregui, F. 2018. Assessing sustainability of rural gravity-fed water schemes on Idjwi Island, D.R. Congo. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 34(6):1022-1035. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1347086]
Water supply ; Sustainability ; Rural areas ; Households ; Committees ; Willingness to pay ; Communities ; Projects ; Ownership ; Indicators ; Islands / Democratic Republic of the Congo / Idjwi Island
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048947)
(0.75 MB)
To assess the sustainability of rural gravity-fed water schemes on Idjwi Island, the association between four hypothesized drivers of sustainability – perceived sense of ownership, willingness to pay for maintenance, trust in the water committee, and household involvement in the project – and service reliability, the main outcome variable, was analyzed. Primary data were gathered through in-person surveys of 1253 user households. The results provide two significant insights. First, during the 5–10 years after implementation, in the presence of an external intervention, a lower perceived sense of ownership for the water system was associated with higher service reliability. This stands in contrast with much of the existing literature, which outlines a consistent positive association between sense of ownership and sustainability of rural water systems. Second, despite 77% of beneficiaries stating that they were willing to pay for maintenance service, such contributions were not forthcoming, due to lack of trust in the water committee. In this scenario, almost 42% of the water points are reported as non-functional, 5–10 years after completion.
10 Shah, M. 2018. Reforming India’s water governance to meet 21st century challenges: practical pathways to realizing the vision of the Mihir Shah Committee. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 22p. (IWMI-Tata Water Policy Program Discussion Paper 1) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.001]
Water governance ; Institutional reform ; Water scarcity ; Water resources ; Water availability ; Water institutions ; Committees ; Partnerships ; Commissions ; Irrigation management ; Sustainability ; Groundwater management ; Groundwater extraction ; Aquifers ; Farmers ; Participatory management ; Equity ; River basins / India / Mihir Shah Committee
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049192)
(1.27 MB)
11 Pandit, C.; Biswas, A. K. 2019. India’s national water policy: ‘feel good’ document, nothing more. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 35(6):1015-1028. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2019.1576509]
Water policy ; Water management ; Water governance ; Water resources ; Planning ; Policy making ; Committees ; Water allocation ; River basins ; Governmental organizations / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049408)
(1.28 MB)
Three versions of the National Water Policy (NWP) have failed to make any perceptible difference in improving water management in India. The excuse that water is a state subject and thus central government cannot do much is not valid. States have always been a party to the formulation of the NWP. They have the freedom to modify the NWP to suit their individual requirements. Many states have adopted a state water policy. Even such state-level policies have failed to make any significant impact in improving their water management practices. Neither the NWP nor the state water policies have made any impact on practice. Reasons for the NWP basically being a paper exercise are many, including lofty drafting and policy prescriptions that are divorced from reality; lack of courage at the Water Ministry to take a firm stand on any of the provisions at either the drafting or the implementation stages; the practice of keeping specialists away from policies; and the dominance of generalists who have neither a demonstrable understanding of the complexities of the water sector nor a long-term commitment to it.
12 Janjua, S.; Hassan, I.; Islam, S. 2020. Role and relevance of three enabling conditions to resolve inter-provincial water conflicts in the Indus Basin within Pakistan. Water Policy, 22(5):811-824. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.230]
Water management ; Transboundary conflicts ; Conflict management ; Cooperation ; River basins ; Water governance ; Agreements ; Treaties ; Water allocation ; Political aspects ; Committees ; Commissions / Pakistan / Indus Basin / Punjab / Sindh / Baluchistan / Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050031)
(0.27 MB)
Addressing water access, allocation, and use becomes a complex problem when it crosses multiple boundaries: political, jurisdictional, and societal, as well as ecological, biogeochemical, and physical. This paper focuses on transboundary water management (TWM) problems among the riparians with conflicting needs and competing demands. The complexity of TWM problems arises because of interdependencies among variables, processes, actors, and institutions operating at various scales. For such situations, the traditional notion of necessary and sufficient causal conditions is not adequate to resolve TWM problems. In essence, the resolution of many TWM issues becomes contingent upon the changes that occur within the context of the problem. A key for initiating and sustaining the resolution of complex TWM issues appears to be a set of enabling conditions, not any easily identifiable and replicable causal conditions or mechanisms. Thus, before analyzing and addressing contingent and situational factors important for any TWM issues, this paper argues for a reframing of these issues and examining the role and relevance of three enabling conditions. Using the inter-provincial water conflicts for the Indus basin within Pakistan as an illustrative case, it shows why over 30 years of dialog and discourse could not create any formal water allocation agreement. Then, it discusses how the Water Apportionment Accord of 1991 created the enabling conditions to address inter-provincial water conflicts within Pakistan in an adaptive way.
13 Hannah, C.; Giroux, S.; Krell, N.; Lopus, S.; McCann, L. E.; Zimmer, A.; Caylor, K. K.; Evans, T. P. 2020. Has the vision of a gender quota rule been realized for community-based water management committees in Kenya? World Development, 137:105154. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105154]
Gender mainstreaming ; Water management ; Community involvement ; Committees ; Women's participation ; Leadership ; Water governance ; Environmental management ; Natural resources management ; Legislation ; Political aspects / Africa / Kenya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050072)
(1.41 MB)
Persisting gender inequities across political, economic, and public life have motivated global agendas to increase women’s leadership at all levels of society. Gender quotas offer one solution to encourage equitable gender representation in public decision-making by specifying a target number of women to serve on publicly-elected bodies. For natural resource governance sectors, can gender quotas promote women’s representation and participation in leadership? In 2010, Kenya enacted a new Constitution that included an article mandating that no one gender should make up greater than two-thirds of the composition of public committees. This ‘two-thirds gender rule’ also applies to community-level governance of water resources through water user resource associations, which were formally recognized in 2002. We present a study of community-based water committee compliance with Kenya’s national two-thirds gender rule based on surveys, focus groups, and interviews with water committee members. We show that Kenya’s gender quota has been moderately successful in increasing women’s representation on water committees. However, men hold more higher-level leadership positions than women, who typically serve as treasurers. Although there were no statistically significant differences between men and women’s self-reported participation frequency in various committee activities, men contributed significantly more hours per week to committee activities, facilitated meetings more frequently, and were more willing to lead meetings. Based on this leadership gap, we examine the sufficiency of a gender quota to promote equal leadership opportunities for women. We find that realizing the vision of a gender quota is conditional on how individuals are represented on community-based environmental committees as well as how individuals participate in committee activities.
14 Whaley, L.; Cleaver, F.; Mwathunga, E. 2021. Flesh and bones: working with the grain to improve community management of water. World Development, 138:105286. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105286]
Water management ; Community management ; Water governance ; Political aspects ; Institutions ; Policies ; Local government ; Stakeholders ; Committees ; Water supply ; Sustainability ; Economic aspects ; Villages ; Rural areas / Africa / Ethiopia / Malawi / Uganda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050131)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X20304137/pdfft?md5=0d262a5ac3fe8fb8154398b5f959a271&pid=1-s2.0-S0305750X20304137-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050131.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050131.pdf
(0.98 MB) (0.98 MB)
Despite cogent critiques and limited successes, community-based management (CBM) remains central to policies for natural resource management and service delivery. Various approaches have been suggested to strengthen CBM by ‘working with the grain’ of existing social arrangements and relationships. For advocates, such approaches ensure that management arrangements are rooted in local realities and are therefore more likely to be effective. Implementing this approach is, however, methodologically, empirically, and operationally challenging. In this paper, we centre these challenges through a study of community-managed water in rural Ethiopia, Malawi, and Uganda. We examine water management arrangements by undertaking an in-depth social survey of 150 communities in the three countries. We also undertake yearlong studies in 12 communities in Malawi and Uganda involving 30 diary keepers. This focus on the local is complemented by country-level political economy analyses and district-level sustainability assessments. Our multi-country extensive-intensive research design uncovers the flesh and bones of CBM, and provides explanations for our findings. In Ethiopia, water management arrangements are more likely to be fleshed out – fully formed committees often working in conjunction with other institutions. In Malawi and Uganda, water management arrangements tend to be skeleton crews of key individuals. The position we adopt is located between advocacy and critique. We recognise the potential of working with the grain. We also recognise the considerable challenges of operationalising this approach without reducing it to another standardised checklist or toolbox. In an attempt to reconcile this tension, we identify practical entry points and sketch out requirements for a more socially informed, reflexive, and effective approach to working with the grain. Whether this can be operationalised within the logics of mainstream development, and whether it can ‘save’ the CBM model, remain open questions.
15 GC, R. K.; Ranganathan, S.; Hammett, A. L. (Tom); Hall, R. P. 2020. What factors determine the technical performance of community-managed rural water systems in the middle hills of Nepal?. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 9p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.189]
Water supply ; Water systems ; Community management ; Multiple use water services ; Domestic water ; Sustainability ; Decision making ; Committees ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Household income ; Rural areas ; Highlands ; Models / Nepal / Syangja / Kaski / Palpa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050151)
(0.33 MB)
Gravity-fed water systems are widely used in the rural hills of Nepal. This study identifies the systematic factors that contribute to rural households not obtaining water due to system breakdowns. The study makes use of data from a 2017 to 2018 study of 202 households served by 10 community-based water systems from three localities within the western middle hills of Nepal. A hierarchical regression model is used to capture both household- and system-level variables. The analysis identifies three household-level and three system-level predictors of the duration of water system breakdowns. The significant household-level predictors include (1) a sense of ownership toward the water system, (2) user involvement in decision making during the planning and implementation of the water system, and (3) income earned from water-based productive activities. The significant system-level predictors include (1) distance from the village to the water source, (2) the performance of the water user committee, and (3) the water system operator's level of activity. In addition, the interactions between household- and system-level variables are captured. The empirical relationship between household productive income and the duration of breakdowns is a novel finding. These findings will be valuable to the Nepalese government and other actors working to implement sustainable water systems.
16 Chandrasekara, S. S. K.; Chandrasekara, S. K.; Gamini, P. H. S.; Obeysekera, J.; Manthrithilake, Herath; Kwon, H.-H.; Vithanage, M. 2021. A review on water governance in Sri Lanka: the lessons learnt for future water policy formulation. Water Policy, 23(2):255-273. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2021.152]
Water governance ; Water policies ; Institutional development ; Coordination ; Administrative structures ; History ; Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Regulations ; Irrigation management ; Irrigation water ; Water scarcity ; Water institutions ; Government agencies ; Committees ; Donors ; Decision making ; Participatory approaches ; Political aspects / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050376)
https://iwaponline.com/wp/article-pdf/23/2/255/878970/023020255.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050376.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050376.pdf
(0.54 MB) (554 KB)
Sri Lanka has no water scarcity within the country, and per capita, water availability is adequate to cater for the country’s estimated peak population. Nevertheless, the frequent variability of spatial and temporal water availability and extreme events have built up a water scarcity in Sri Lanka, which has been observed during the last two to three decades. Therefore, effective and efficient water governance is most important in today’s context, and regular review and amendment of policies, laws, and regulations are crucial to mitigate water scarcity. Although a few attempts were initiated, none of them succeeded. In this study, historical and present water governance mechanisms, including coordinating mechanisms and implementing water management agencies in Sri Lanka, were comprehensively reviewed. Further, the previously proposed water policies, their status and reasons for the failures of policies were discussed. Finally, the formulation of a novel institutional arrangement or altering the existing institutional arrangement with shared data and allocating non-shared responsibilities to each institution is suggested for better water governance in Sri Lanka.
17 Hove, J.; D’Ambruoso, L.; Kahn, K.; Witter, S.; van der Merwe, M.; Mabetha, D.; Tembo, K.; Twine, R. 2022. Lessons from community participation in primary health care and water resource governance in South Africa: a narrative review. Global Health Action, 15(1):2004730. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2021.2004730]
Water resources ; Water governance ; Health care ; Community involvement ; Water user associations ; Committees ; Water authorities ; Catchment areas ; Stakeholders ; Decision making ; Policies ; Accountability ; Access to information / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050856)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16549716.2021.2004730
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050856.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050856.pdf
(1.74 MB) (1.74 MB)
Background: In South Africa, community participation has been embraced through the development of progressive policies to address past inequities. However, limited information is available to understand community involvement in priority setting, planning and decision-making in the development and implementation of public services.
Objective: This narrative review aims to provide evidence on forms, extents, contexts and dynamics of community participation in primary health care (PHC) and water governance in South Africa and draw cross-cutting lessons. This paper focuses on health and water governance structures, such as health committees, Catchment Management Agencies (CMA), Water User Associations (WUAs), Irrigation Boards (IBs) and Community Management Forums (CMFs).
Methods: Articles were sourced from Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, WHO Global Health Library, Global Health and Science Citation Index between 1994 and 2020 reporting on community participation in health and water governance in South Africa. Databases were searched using key terms to identify relevant research articles and grey literature. Twenty-one articles were included and analysed thematically.
Results: There is limited evidence on how health committees are functioning in all provinces in South Africa. Existing evidence shows that health committees are not functioning effectively due to lack of clarity on roles, autonomy, power, support, and capacity. There was slow progress in establishment of water governance structures, although these are autonomous and have mechanisms for democratic control, unlike health committees. Participation in CMAs/WUAs/IBs/CMFs is also not effective due to manipulation of spaces by elites, lack of capacity of previously disadvantaged individuals, inadequate incentives, and low commitment to the process by stakeholders.
Conclusion: Power and authority in decision-making, resources and accountability are key for effective community participation of marginalized people. Practical guidance is urgently required on how mandated participatory governance structures can be sustained and linked to wider governance systems to improve service delivery.
Objective: This narrative review aims to provide evidence on forms, extents, contexts and dynamics of community participation in primary health care (PHC) and water governance in South Africa and draw cross-cutting lessons. This paper focuses on health and water governance structures, such as health committees, Catchment Management Agencies (CMA), Water User Associations (WUAs), Irrigation Boards (IBs) and Community Management Forums (CMFs).
Methods: Articles were sourced from Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, WHO Global Health Library, Global Health and Science Citation Index between 1994 and 2020 reporting on community participation in health and water governance in South Africa. Databases were searched using key terms to identify relevant research articles and grey literature. Twenty-one articles were included and analysed thematically.
Results: There is limited evidence on how health committees are functioning in all provinces in South Africa. Existing evidence shows that health committees are not functioning effectively due to lack of clarity on roles, autonomy, power, support, and capacity. There was slow progress in establishment of water governance structures, although these are autonomous and have mechanisms for democratic control, unlike health committees. Participation in CMAs/WUAs/IBs/CMFs is also not effective due to manipulation of spaces by elites, lack of capacity of previously disadvantaged individuals, inadequate incentives, and low commitment to the process by stakeholders.
Conclusion: Power and authority in decision-making, resources and accountability are key for effective community participation of marginalized people. Practical guidance is urgently required on how mandated participatory governance structures can be sustained and linked to wider governance systems to improve service delivery.
18 Srdjevic, B.; Medeiros, Y. D. P.; Srdjevic, Z. 2022. Empowering small stakeholders groups in selecting a long-term water management plan. Water Policy, 24(7):1208-1222. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2022.075]
Water management ; Planning ; Stakeholders ; Empowerment ; Water user groups ; Committees ; Decision making ; Civil society ; Public authorities ; River basins ; Case studies / Brazil / San Francisco River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051337)
https://iwaponline.com/wp/article-pdf/24/7/1208/1082154/024071208.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051337.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051337.pdf
(0.46 MB) (472 KB)
Strategic water management on a river basin scale requires the inclusion of stakeholders from different sectors and the use of methodologies based on scientifically sound models and techniques, keeping in mind that the power of smaller and larger subgroups of stakeholders should be equal. In this paper, we present an approach to tackle this problem based on two Social Choice Theory (SCT) methods: preferential Borda Count and no-preferential Approval voting method. Two different scenarios of grouping members of the water committee of the San Francisco River Basin in Brazil are simulated, by interested sectors and by interested delegates from the states where the river passes through, five long-term management plans are evaluated and voted in either scenario. Results indicated that if members of the committee demonstrate reasonable competency and consistency while setting their judgments on management plans, the final group decision is the same or similar, regardless the method used. One of the conclusions is also that the voting of small subgroups may have the same power as the voting of a large subgroup in the social choice-based decision-making processes. SCT methods can thus be recommended as an equity framework to empower small groups in selecting long-term water management plans.
19 Davies, J.; Blekking, J.; Hannah, C.; Zimmer, A.; Joshi, N.; Anderson, P.; Chilenga, A.; Evans, T. 2022. Governance of traditional markets and rural-urban food systems in Sub-Saharan Africa. Habitat International, 127:102620. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2022.102620]
Markets ; Rural-urban food supply chains ; Food systems ; Governance ; Institutions ; Food security ; Local government ; Smallholders ; Infrastructure ; Households ; Urbanization ; Towns ; Committees / Africa South of Sahara / Zambia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051343)
(2.75 MB)
Traditional markets form a critical part of rural-urban food systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Aside from providing more affordable and physically accessible food to low-income consumers, traditional markets serve as wholesalers to street vendors, create market entry points for smallholder farmers, and provide essential employment opportunities for sellers. However, many traditional markets face ongoing challenges such as infrastructure deficits, poor waste management, and internal conflict that undermine their effectiveness. Markets that perform effectively can provide requisite services to vendors and manage relationships between actors within and outside the market. We propose that the degree to which traditional markets are able to play an effective role in rural-urban food systems depends on the governance structures in place in individual markets. We aim to take initial steps toward developing an institutional analysis methodology that can be used to identify the set of institutional arrangements that are appropriate for successfully governing traditional markets. Using data from a 2021 phone call survey of 81 urban and rural markets in Zambia, and drawing inspiration from Ostrom's design principles for enduring common pool resources, we identify some of the institutional arrangements that tend to lead to effective market performance in Zambia, including market formality, the role of market committees, government engagement in markets, and conflict resolution protocols. Our study alone does not definitively identify the set of institutions that are appropriate for successfully governing traditional markets, particularly beyond the Zambian context. However, we highlight the types of data that need to be collected to achieve this objective by contributing a survey instrument and an empirical dataset of traditional markets across the rural-urban food system.
20 Schramm, V. B.; Gomes Junior, A. de A.; Schramm, F. 2022. Facilitation model for supporting integrative water resource management. Water Resources Management, 36(13):4913-4931. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-022-03282-2]
Water resources ; Water management ; Models ; Environmental factors ; Watersheds ; Committees ; Rivers ; Civil society ; Social aspects ; Ecological factors / Brazil / Paraiba do Norte River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051455)
(1.31 MB)
In this paper, the Soft Systems Methodology foundations was integrated to a water resources management model to construct a facilitation process to support integrative water resources management. The facilitation model aims to achieve agreements over conflicts, by promoting engagement of actors to construct a common and holistic understanding about the problematic situation through an interactive, participative, clear, and transparent process. The facilitation model is divided into two phases: (i) Preparing Logistics and (ii) Work meeting. The first phase starts when a conflict emerges, then, the facilitator should prepare the logistics necessary to proceed with the examination of the problem, including the selection of volunteers who will compose the work group. The second phase is intended to the application of an interactive and participatory modeling approach organized into five steps: 1 - Expressing the problematic situation; 2 - Constructing a multi-sectoral representation; 3 - Examining the multi-sectoral representation; 4 - Building a conceptual model; and 5 - Exploring actions. To illustrate its application, we applied these steps to structure a real complex problematic situation that exists in an area of the watershed of the Paraiba do Norte River, in Northeastern Brazil. To construct a multi-sectoral representation of the problem, perspectives of different actors who are involved in the problem were considered. We conclude that the model is a powerful tool for the analysis of complex problems, for which there is no consensus regarding alternatives to solve/mitigate it and/or there is a high level of uncertainties involved in the decision-making process.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
