Your search found 5 records
1 Tennakoon, M. U. A. 2017. Cascade based tank renovation for climate resilience improvement. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Ministry of Disaster Management. 137p.
Tank irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Water distribution systems ; Reservoirs ; Drainage canals ; Terminology ; Environmental effects ; Eutrophication ; Water quality ; Sedimentation ; Salinity ; Soil types ; Rain ; Biodiversity ; Crop production ; Deforestation ; Development projects ; Arid zones / Sri Lanka / Maha Nanneriya Cascade
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 628.13 G744 TEN Record No: H048955)
(0.38 MB)
2 Mudaly, L.; van der Laan, M. 2020. Interactions between irrigated agriculture and surface water quality with a focus on phosphate and nitrate in the Middle Olifants Catchment, South Africa. Sustainability, 12(11):4370. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114370]
Irrigated farming ; Surface water ; Water quality ; Nutrients ; Phosphates ; Nitrates ; Catchment areas ; Eutrophication ; Irrigation water ; Irrigation canals ; Drainage canals ; Sediment ; Pollution ; Wastewater treatment ; Rivers ; Reservoirs ; Rain ; Monitoring ; Electrical conductivity / South Africa / Olifants River Catchment / Loskop Dam / Flag Boshielo Dam / Elands River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049999)
(5.83 MB) (5.83 MB)
Little is understood on the interaction between irrigated agriculture and surface water quality in South African catchments. A case study was conducted on the Middle Olifants Catchment, which contains the second largest irrigation scheme in South Africa. Dams, rivers, irrigation canals, and drainage canals were sampled between the Loskop and Flag Boshielo Dams. Results were compared to historical water quality monitoring data from the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS). While DWS data indicate that phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) does not pose a eutrophication risk, our monitored data were above the eutrophication threshold for the majority of the sampling period. In general, phosphorus (P) pollution is a bigger issue than nitrogen (N), and concentrations of these nutrients tend to be higher during the summer rainfall months, potentially indicating a link to agriculture and fertilization events. We estimated that waste water treatment works (WWTW), which are currently systematically failing in South Africa, have the potential to pollute as much P as irrigated agriculture. Electrical conductivity levels increased downstream, moving from the acceptable towards the tolerable category, while the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) presents a moderate risk of infiltrability problems. The pH values were generally in the ideal range. This study has highlighted existing and looming water quality issues for irrigation and the environment in the Middle Olifants. Similar scoping studies are recommended for other intensively-irrigated catchments in the region to identify issues and allow timely intervention.
3 Joshi, Deepa; Dessouki, Amina; Abdelwahab, Noura. 2023. Gendered implications of polluted drainage water use in agri-food value chains in Egypt: current context and practical recommendations. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 8p.
Drainage water ; Drainage canals ; Water use ; Agrifood sector ; Value chains ; Gender ; Women ; Water management ; Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Irrigation water ; Irrigated farming ; Freshwater ; Water governance ; Water pollution ; Water user associations ; Tenant farmers / Egypt
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052304)
(5.10 MB)
Water management in Egypt presents unique challenges. Being waterscarce, the country needs to use its limited freshwater reserves efficiently and effectively, particularly for irrigation, which accounts for over 70% of the total freshwater availability. Egypt has a network of irrigation canals and water-reuse drains that were built since the introduction of cotton cultivation in the colonial era to enable agricultural drainage and the reuse of water for irrigation. This facilitated expansion of the cultivated area with a view to improving food security and income. However, the design of efficient water reuse for irrigation does not come without attendant challenges. With more and more farmers coming to rely on polluted drainage water for irrigation, an alarming inconsistency in the quality of treated drainage water is now evident (Ashour et al. 2021). The focus of our study, which was funded by the CGIAR GENDER Impact Platform, was to understand the gendered implications of these changes and challenges. Adopting a feminist political ecology approach, we analyze the gendered power dynamics within productive, irrigated agriculture, focusing on the everyday lived experiences of diverse groups of women, farmers and irrigators.
4 Imbulana, Upali; Aheeyar, Mohamed; Amarasinghe, Upali A.; Amarnath, Giriraj. 2023. Governance issues for sustainable management of village irrigation in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Climate Resilience. 21p.
Irrigation systems ; Villages ; Irrigation management ; Water governance ; Arid zones ; Sustainability ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water security ; Tanks ; Drainage canals ; River basins ; Climate change ; Floods ; Drought ; Climate resilience ; Communities / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052495)
(740 KB)
Village irrigation systems (ViSs) are vital in rural livelihood, food, and water security. VISs include small (minor) tanks and diversions (anicuts). The hydrologically linked tanks with natural drainage patterns form cascades, and beyond food and water security, they play a significant role in mitigating flood and drought impacts on communities in river basins. With anthropogenic changes, many cascades are in depilated states now. This paper finds that policy support with legal recognition to cascade-based community-level institutions promote bottom-up water and natural resources management approaches. They also facilitate investigations of ill-defined subject areas in cascade management and complex socio-political and economic issues and challenges constraining sustainable cascade based VISs operations.
5 Ahogle, A. M. A.; Letema, S. 2024. Irrigated urban agriculture: a mixture of farming scales, water flows and actors in Nairobi, Kenya. Water International, 49(2):144-163. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2024.2320002]
Urban agriculture ; Irrigated farming ; Irrigation water ; Water quality ; Water flow ; Infrastructure ; Sewage ; Drainage canals / Kenya / Nairobi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052770)
(5.84 MB)
Irrigated urban agriculture (IUA) is important for urban food systems and livelihoods but has many unknown socio-technical configurations. This article examines the dynamics of farm irrigation and associated sociotechnical arrangements in the Nairobi catchment. The research shows that there are five principal forms of IUA, differentiated according to land sizes, water sources and suitability, technicality, actors, and market orientation. The city service does not provide arrangements for hydraulic infrastructure or agricultural extension, and state agencies do not take IUA practices into account. The complexity of the socio-technical configurations calls for flexible governance arrangements that go beyond the established models.
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