Your search found 22 records
1 Mahmoud, I. M. 2005. Institutional mapping to assess capacity needs for the development of water boards at district level in Egypt. In International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID). Workshop proceedings on capacity development in agricultural water management, Moscow 2004. Final report. Rome, Italy: FAO, IPTRID Secretariat. pp.29-44.
Institutional development ; Public sector ; Water authorities ; Irrigation management ; Irrigation programs ; Participatory management ; Water users ; Farmer participation ; Canals ; Institutions ; Mapping / Egypt
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: ICID 631.7.3 G000 INT Record No: H041425)
2 Zinzani, A. 2016. Hydraulic bureaucracies and irrigation management transfer in Uzbekistan: the case of Samarkand province. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 32(2):232-246. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2015.1058765]
Water management ; Bureaucracy ; Irrigation management ; Privatization ; Water user associations ; Institutional reform ; State intervention ; Water policy ; Water authorities ; Water governance ; Political aspects ; Agriculture ; Farmers / Uzbekistan / Samarkand / Urgut / Nurabad / Pastdargom
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047478)
(0.59 MB)
Since the 1990s, Irrigation Management Transfer has been considered the world over to be a policy aimed at rolling back state influence in water management according to a neo-liberal approach. The initiative was endorsed by international organizations as a way of reforming the water sector in developing countries. Reflecting on this process, the role of hydraulic bureaucracies in driving reforms oriented towards IMT has often been neglected in academic debate. This article discusses the logic of IMT implementation and the establishment of Water Users’ Associations (WUAs) in Uzbekistan, specifically in Samarkand province. These dynamics have been analysed over the last 10 years showing different trajectories within Uzbekistan. Data were collected through extensive fieldwork in three districts in Samarkand province. The evidence acquired shows that, on the one hand, WUAs were established to be a new structure for state control over water and agriculture, in conflict with IMT rationale, and, on the other, that WUAs were created in the province as a result of a local initiative promoted by the hydraulic bureaucracy and accepted by the national authorities due to influential power relations.
3 Mersha, A. N.; de Fraiture, C.; Mehari, A.; Masih, I.; Alamirew, T. 2016. Integrated water resources management: contrasting principles, policy, and practice, Awash River Basin, Ethiopia. Water Policy, 18(2):335-354. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.049]
Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water policy ; River basins ; Water authorities ; Institutional reform ; Strategies ; Planning ; Water users ; Stakeholders ; Regulations ; Environmental effects / Ethiopia / Awash River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047559)
(0.60 MB)
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has been a dominant paradigm for water sector reform worldwide over the past two decades. Ethiopia, among early adopters, has developed a water policy, legislations, and strategy per IWRM core principles. However, considerable constraints are still in its way of realization. This paper investigates the central challenges facing IWRM implementation in the Awash Basin analyzing the discrepancy between IWRM principles, the approach followed in Ethiopia and its practice in the Awash Basin. A decade and a half since its adoption, the Ethiopian IWRM still lacks a well-organized and robust legal system for implementation. Unclear and overlapping institutional competencies as well as a low level of stakeholders’ awareness on policy contents and specific mandates of implementing institutions have prevented the Basin Authority from fully exercising its role as the prime institute for basin level water management. As a result, coordination between stakeholders, a central element of the IWRM concept, is lacking. Insufficient management instruments and planning tools for the operational function of IWRM are also among the major hurdles in the process. This calls for rethinking and action on key elements of the IWRM approach to tackle the implementation challenges.
4 Jayaramu, K. P.; Kumar, B. M.; Rashmi, K. K. P. 2016. Improving cost recovery in urban water supply service: an experience from India. Water Policy, 18(3):685-707. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.134]
Water supply ; Urban areas ; User charges ; Cost recovery ; Strategies ; Metering ; Maintenance costs ; Water loss ; Water users ; Water authorities ; State intervention ; Investment ; Income ; Performance indexes / India / Karnataka / Hubli–Dharwad
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047621)
(0.54 MB)
Poor cost recovery, owing to inherent problems associated with intermittent water service, is common in the majority of towns and cities in India. The water supply in twin cities of Hubli–Dharwad, located in North Karnataka, India, was characterized by several issues such as water losses, poor service delivery, low cost recovery and low investments. Provision of water service to the twin cities was the responsibility of the Hubli–Dharwad Municipal Corporation (HDMC) until 2003. The municipal revenues were affected by the large gap between revenue and expenditure on account of poor performance of the water division of the corporation, which further impeded the efforts to improve water service. In 2003, due to deteriorating performance with regard to water supply, the Government of Karnataka transferred the responsibility for maintenance of the water service to the Karnataka Urban Water Supply & Drainage Board (KUWS&DB). The KUWS&DB along with the HDMC adopted a multi-pronged strategy to improve cost recovery. The sustained efforts for over a decade (2003–2013) led to a gradual increase in full cost recovery from about 12% in 2003 to 47% in 2013. This study examines the impact of the multi-pronged approach adopted for improving cost recovery in water supply in the twin cities.
5 Takeda, M.; Laphimsing, A.; Putthividhya, A. 2016. Dry season water allocation in the Chao Phraya River Basin, Thailand. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 32(2):321-338. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2015.1055856]
Water allocation ; Dry season ; River basins ; Water governance ; Water authorities ; Water availability ; Decision making ; Models ; Water users ; Domestic water ; Agricultural sector ; Cultivated land ; Irrigation programs ; Industrial uses ; Environmental protection ; Deltas / Thailand / Chao Phraya River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047646)
(0.67 MB)
This study examines the recent quantitative characteristics of dry season water allocation in the Chao Phraya River basin, Thailand. Previous studies have focused on inequitable allocation, where the highest priority is given to the domestic water sector and uneven irrigation water variability exists among projects in the delta. This study uses a statistical test and panel data analysis to confirm that the characteristics highlighted in previous studies remain accurate, and it discusses the source of these characteristics in order to understand the issues in water allocation in the Chao Phraya River delta.
6 Kumar, M. D.; Dhungel, D. N.; Mirza, M. M. Q.; Suhardiman, Diana. 2016. Institutions and policies governing water resources management in the Ganges River Basin. In Bharati, Luna; Sharma, Bharat R.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Ganges River Basin: status and challenges in water, environment and livelihoods. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.241-254. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
Water resources ; Water governance ; Water management ; Water policy ; Water supply ; International waters ; Institutional development ; Water authorities ; Agencies ; Land policies ; Property rights ; Energy resources ; Price policies ; Centralization ; Decision making / Nepal / India / Bangladesh / Ganges River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047817)
7 Nicol, Alan; Odinga, W. 2016. IWRM [Integrated Water Resources Management] in Uganda - progress after decades of implementation. Water Alternatives, 9(3):627-643. (Special issue: Flows and Practices: The Politics of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in southern Africa).
Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water policy ; Water governance ; Decentralization ; Water authorities ; Institutional development ; Government ; Political aspects ; Economic aspects / Uganda / Nile Basin / Semliki Catchment / Lake Albert
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047822)
http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol9/v9issue3/326-a9-3-13/file
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047822.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047822.pdf
(0.90 MB) (920 KB)
Uganda lies almost wholly within the Nile Basin and is a country characterised as well-endowed with water resources. Receiving considerable inflows of aid since the early 1990s, some of this aid emerging after the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro enabled the country to begin a process of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), taking the lead from Chapter 18 of Agenda 21. With a focus on more comprehensively managing the country’s critical water endowment amidst growing pressure on the resource, bilateral technical assistance and financial support played a large part in backstopping these national efforts. Nevertheless, in spite of this support and government backing, some two decades later implementation on the ground remains thin and the exercise of IWRM in practice is limited. This paper examines the Ugandan IWRM experience and identifies complex political-economy issues lying at the heart of current challenges. It argues that rarely is there likely to be an easy fix to sustainable financing and suggests the need for stronger citizen engagement and buy-in to the wider logic of IWRM to support longer-term effectiveness and sustainability.
8 van Rooyen, A. F.; Ramshaw, P.; Moyo, M.; Stirzaker, R.; Bjornlund, H. 2017. Theory and application of agricultural innovation platforms for improved irrigation scheme management in Southern Africa. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 33(5):804-823. (Special issue: The Productivity and Profitability of Small Scale Communal Irrigation Systems in South-eastern Africa). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1321530]
Irrigation schemes ; Small scale systems ; Agricultural development ; Innovation ; Irrigation management ; Smallholders ; Water authorities ; Corporate culture ; Capacity building ; Markets / Southern Africa / Mozambique / Tanzania / Zimbabwe / Mkoba Irrigation Scheme / Silalatshani Irrigation Scheme / 25 de Setembro Irrigation Scheme / Khanimambo Irrigation Scheme / Kiwere Irrigation Scheme / Magozi Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048119)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07900627.2017.1321530?needAccess=true#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xMDgwLzA3OTAwNjI3LjIwMTcuMTMyMTUzMD9uZWVkQWNjZXNzPXRydWVAQEAw
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048119.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048119.pdf
(2.38 MB) (2.38 MB)
Many small-scale irrigation systems are characterized by low yields and deteriorating infrastructure. Interventions often erroneously focus on increasing yields and rehabilitating infrastructure. Small-scale irrigation systems have many of the characteristics of complex socio-ecological systems, with many different actors and numerous interconnected subsystems. However, the limited interaction between the different subsystems and their agents prevents learning and the emergence of more beneficial outcomes. This article reports on using Agricultural Innovation Platforms to create an environment in which irrigation scheme actors can engage, experiment, learn and build adaptive capacity to increase market-related offtake and move out of poverty.
9 Closas, Alvar; Molle, Francois. 2016. Groundwater governance in Europe. [Project report of the Groundwater Governance in the Arab World - Taking Stock and Addressing the Challenges]. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 99p. (Groundwater Governance in the Arab World - Report 3)
Groundwater management ; Water governance ; Groundwater extraction ; Regulations ; Legal frameworks ; Water law ; Water rights ; Water policy ; European Union ; Water supply ; Water pollution ; Pesticides ; Taxes ; Water user associations ; Conjunctive use ; Communities ; Collective behaviour ; Social capital ; River basins ; Aquifers ; Water authorities ; State intervention ; Political aspects ; Solar energy / Europe / Denmark / France / Spain / Copenhagen / Barcelona / La Mancha / Valencia / Beauce Aquifer / Western Mancha Aquifer / Guadiana River Basin / Llobregat Valley
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048398)
(3.41 MB)
10 Kumar, M. D. 2018. Proposing a solution to India’s water crisis: ‘paradigm shift’ or pushing outdated concepts? International Journal of Water Resources Development, 34(1):42-50. (Special issue: Politics and Policies for Water Resources Management in India). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2016.1253545]
Water scarcity ; Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Groundwater ; Aquifers ; Dams ; River basins ; Organizations ; Water authorities ; Water user associations ; Committees ; Communal irrigation systems ; Irrigation canals ; Irrigation efficiency / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048476)
(0.84 MB)
This article is a critique of the report of the committee chaired by Dr Mihir Shah on restructuring the Central Water Commission and Central Ground Water Board of India. It shows that the recommendations of the committee are not based on any sound understanding of the federal nature of water administration in India, water-sector performance or the problems confronting it. The ‘paradigm shift’ in the suggested approach to water management is based on flawed analysis of the performance of surface irrigation systems and outdated concepts of irrigation efficiency, and reflects the professional bias of its members against large water infrastructure and wishful thinking about what schemes like aquifer mapping can achieve.
11 Sharma, M.; Alipalo, M. 2017. The Dhaka water services turnaround: how Dhaka is connecting slums, saving water, raising revenues, and becoming one of South Asia’s best public water utilities. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank (ADB). 70p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.22617/TCS179117-2]
Water supply ; Development projects ; Urban areas ; Water scarcity ; Water conservation ; Water quality ; Sanitation ; Water users ; Slums ; Public utilities ; Gender relations ; Drainage equipment ; Metering ; Financing ; Investment policies ; Water authorities ; Institutional reform ; Capacity building ; Customer relations ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Political aspects / South Asia / Bangladesh / Dhaka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048496)
https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/384631/dhaka-water-services.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048496.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048496.pdf
(4.49 MB) (4.49 MB)
12 Adank, M.; Godfrey, S.; Butterworth, J.; Defere, E. 2018. Small town water services sustainability checks: development and application in Ethiopia. Water Policy, 20(S1):52-68. (Special issue: Water Services in Small Towns - Experiences from the Global South). [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.004]
Water supply ; Towns ; Sustainability ; Indicators ; Water authorities ; Corporate culture ; Development programmes ; Sanitation ; Monitoring ; Urban areas ; Rural areas / Ethiopia / Adishihu / Sheno / Maksegnit / Abomsa / Welenchiti / Kebridehar / Wukro
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048709)
(0.26 MB)
With rising coverage figures and the advent of the Sustainable Development Goals, there is increasing attention given to assessing and monitoring the sustainability of water services. Previous efforts in the rural water supply sector have included the development of sustainability checks, while in the urban water supply sector, benchmarking of water services and the performance of utilities has become common practice. This paper argues that neither rural sustainability checks, nor urban benchmarking frameworks, are entirely suitable for monitoring small town water services. It presents a framework specifically developed and applied for assessing and monitoring small town water services. Application of the framework in seven small towns in Ethiopia shows significant discrepancies between the ideal and actual situations. It reveals specific challenges related to sustainable small town water service provision, including capacity at service provider (utility) level, asset management and regulation. The costs of sustainability checks and prospects for uptake as project and wider sector tools are discussed.
13 Tiwale, S.; Rusca, M.; Zwarteveen, M. 2018. The power of pipes: mapping urban water inequities through the material properties of networked water infrastructures - the case of Lilongwe, Malawi. Water Alternatives, 11(2):314-335.
Water supply ; Infrastructure ; Pipes ; Urban development ; Water distribution ; Equity ; Domestic water ; Water availability ; Water users ; Water authorities ; Development projects ; Dams ; Reservoir storage ; Population / Malawi / Lilongwe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048808)
http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol11/v11issue2/439-a11-2-6/file
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048808.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048808.pdf
(1.35 MB) (1.35 MB)
Urban scholars have long proposed moving away from a conceptualisation of infrastructure as given and fixed material artefacts to replace it with one that makes it the very object of theorisation and explanation. Yet, very few studies have seriously investigated the role of infrastructure in co-shaping and mediating inequities. We use this paper to propose a way to engage with the technical intricacies of designing, operating and maintaining a water supply network, using these as an entry-point for describing, mapping and explaining differences and inequities in accessing water. The paper first proposes a methodological approach to systematically characterise and investigate material water flows in the water supply network. We then apply this approach to the case of water supply in Lilongwe, Malawi. Here, strategies for dealing with challenges of water shortage in the city have often entailed the construction of large water infrastructures to produce extra water. We show that the network’s material properties direct and divert most of the extra water to elite neighbourhoods rather than to those low-income areas where shortages are most acute. Our analysis shows how social and technical processes mutually constitute each other in the production and rationalisation of this highly uneven waterscape. We conclude that further theorisations of infrastructure as providing part of the explanation for how urban inequities are produced need to be anchored in the systematic and detailed empirical study of the network-in-use. Mapping the (changing) carrying capacities of pipes, storage capacities of service reservoirs and the strategic locations of new pipe extensions – to name a few important network descriptors – provides tangible entry-points for revealing and tracing how materials not only embody but also change social relations of power, thereby helping explain how inequities in access to water come about and endure.
14 van Koppen, Barbara; Schreiner, B.; Sithole, P. 2019. Decolonising peasants’ marginalisation in African water law. Journal of Water Law, 26:51-61.
Water law ; Peasant workers ; Smallholders ; Water rights ; Customary law ; Colonialism ; Water resources ; Regulations ; Legislation ; Licences ; Water authorities ; Land tenure ; Water users ; Marginalization / Africa South of Sahara / South Africa / Kenya / Malawi / Uganda / Zimbabwe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049188)
(0.49 MB)
15 Spencer, J. H.; Meng, B. 2019. Resilient urbanization and infrastructure governance: the case of the Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority, 1993–2007. Water Policy, 21(4):848-864. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.211]
Water supply ; Water authorities ; Water governance ; Infrastructure ; Resilience ; Urbanization ; Water demand ; Community involvement ; Public-private cooperation ; Periurban areas / Cambodia / Phnom Penh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049280)
(0.29 MB)
After years of civil war, Cambodia began to focus on reconstruction and the development of its much-needed infrastructure across the country in the early 1990s. While most government institutions at the capital/provincial levels were crippled, the Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority (PPWSA) was able to provide excellent water service to most of the capital's residents, even the extremely poor. This case represents a traditional utility that was able to creatively experiment with new management practices and solicit community involvement in the administration of its work. It also illustrates the fact that under certain conditions, urban water services can actually generate revenues to subsidize other functions of the government. Specifically, it provides a useful illustration of a resilient governance of infrastructure able to adapt to rapidly changing and challenging circumstances.
16 Smiley, S. L. 2019. Explaining improvements and continuing challenges in water access in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 35(6):959-976. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2018.1513831]
Water availability ; Water supply ; Water management ; Water quality ; Drinking water ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Millennium Development Goals ; Water authorities ; Water governance ; Water users ; Towns ; Households ; Case studies / Africa South of Sahara / United Republic of Tanzania / Dar es Salaam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049406)
(1.68 MB)
The equitable and universal provision of safe and affordable water is one of the Sustainable Development Goals, but progress has been slow, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper presents a case study of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, to highlight water access progress at the city scale. Using household surveys and interviews with officials, it explains improvements in hours of water availability and numbers of household water connections, but also discusses the remaining challenges with water cost and customer satisfaction. To achieve the goal of universal access, the city must further increase water production and address concerns with how water quality is monitored.
17 Akramov, Bekzod; Anarbekov, Oyture. 2019. Full cost recovery principle of water use at river basin level: a literature review. Project report prepared under the European Union Programme on Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Rural Areas in Uzbekistan. Component 1: National policy framework for water governance and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). Tashkent, Uzbekistan: European Union; Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. 19p.
Water use efficiency ; River basins ; Cost recovery ; Literature reviews ; Irrigation water ; Agriculture ; Water pricing ; Groundwater ; Water authorities ; Water supply ; Farmers ; Private farms ; Social costs ; Environmental effects / Uzbekistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049444)
(3.67 MB)
18 Nicol, Alan; Debevec, Liza; Okene, S. 2021. Chasing the water: the political economy of water management and catchment development in the Karamoja-Turkana Complex (KTC), Uganda. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 36p. (IWMI Working Paper 198) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.214]
Water management ; Political ecology ; Catchment areas ; Integrated management ; Water resources development ; Planning ; Conflicts ; Social aspects ; State intervention ; Agropastoral systems ; Livelihoods ; Resource allocation ; Water availability ; Dams ; Water scarcity ; Climate change ; Rain ; Resilience ; Policies ; Water governance ; Water authorities ; Water institutions ; Water user associations ; Communities ; Gender ; Women ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Case studies / Uganda / Karamoja / Turkana Basin / Napak / Kaabong / Arachek Dam / Longoromit Dam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050663)
(4.64 MB)
The history of Karamoja, a subregion in the far northeast of Uganda, is complex and scarred by conflict. For centuries, this subregion has been a remote area of agropastoralism situated on the sociological and ecological border between the Nile and Turkana basins. At the far eastern tip of the Nile Basin, a sweeping escarpment from Karamoja runs down into the Lake Turkana Basin with major temperature and rainfall gradients that result in significant patterns of transhumance, as the Turkana people to the east seek access to the more plentiful water and grazing resources in Karamoja to the west. In this paper, we call this complex of relations and resources the ‘Karamoja-Turkana Complex’ (KTC) and examine the political-economy relationships therein.
We look at policy on water resources management and development, including choices made on siting and developing water sources, the kinds of narratives employed by the government, and the underlying tensions and conflicts between major social groups sharing these scarce resources. We base our analysis of the situation on a wider assessment of the water management challenges combined with a detailed examination of two large dams – Arachek and Longoromit – recently constructed in the Karamoja subregion.
Findings from the study highlighted that (i) interlinked systems within the KTC can generate new disputes and pressures on resources; (ii) water management within Karamoja and Turkana requires a broader view that extends beyond the watershed, because competition for water is part of the wider context of KTC; and (iii) power structures and processes associated with the development of water structures are important but poorly understood despite continued resource allocation.
The paper makes four recommendations: (i) catchment management institutions need to take ownership of new developments; (ii) a checklist is provided to achieve more effective outcomes from the siting and design of surface water storage structures; (iii) improve management oversight after completion of projects; and (iv) undertake water-pasture management consultations across the KTC.
We look at policy on water resources management and development, including choices made on siting and developing water sources, the kinds of narratives employed by the government, and the underlying tensions and conflicts between major social groups sharing these scarce resources. We base our analysis of the situation on a wider assessment of the water management challenges combined with a detailed examination of two large dams – Arachek and Longoromit – recently constructed in the Karamoja subregion.
Findings from the study highlighted that (i) interlinked systems within the KTC can generate new disputes and pressures on resources; (ii) water management within Karamoja and Turkana requires a broader view that extends beyond the watershed, because competition for water is part of the wider context of KTC; and (iii) power structures and processes associated with the development of water structures are important but poorly understood despite continued resource allocation.
The paper makes four recommendations: (i) catchment management institutions need to take ownership of new developments; (ii) a checklist is provided to achieve more effective outcomes from the siting and design of surface water storage structures; (iii) improve management oversight after completion of projects; and (iv) undertake water-pasture management consultations across the KTC.
19 Hove, J.; D’Ambruoso, L.; Kahn, K.; Witter, S.; van der Merwe, M.; Mabetha, D.; Tembo, K.; Twine, R. 2022. Lessons from community participation in primary health care and water resource governance in South Africa: a narrative review. Global Health Action, 15(1):2004730. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2021.2004730]
Water resources ; Water governance ; Health care ; Community involvement ; Water user associations ; Committees ; Water authorities ; Catchment areas ; Stakeholders ; Decision making ; Policies ; Accountability ; Access to information / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050856)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16549716.2021.2004730
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050856.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050856.pdf
(1.74 MB) (1.74 MB)
Background: In South Africa, community participation has been embraced through the development of progressive policies to address past inequities. However, limited information is available to understand community involvement in priority setting, planning and decision-making in the development and implementation of public services.
Objective: This narrative review aims to provide evidence on forms, extents, contexts and dynamics of community participation in primary health care (PHC) and water governance in South Africa and draw cross-cutting lessons. This paper focuses on health and water governance structures, such as health committees, Catchment Management Agencies (CMA), Water User Associations (WUAs), Irrigation Boards (IBs) and Community Management Forums (CMFs).
Methods: Articles were sourced from Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, WHO Global Health Library, Global Health and Science Citation Index between 1994 and 2020 reporting on community participation in health and water governance in South Africa. Databases were searched using key terms to identify relevant research articles and grey literature. Twenty-one articles were included and analysed thematically.
Results: There is limited evidence on how health committees are functioning in all provinces in South Africa. Existing evidence shows that health committees are not functioning effectively due to lack of clarity on roles, autonomy, power, support, and capacity. There was slow progress in establishment of water governance structures, although these are autonomous and have mechanisms for democratic control, unlike health committees. Participation in CMAs/WUAs/IBs/CMFs is also not effective due to manipulation of spaces by elites, lack of capacity of previously disadvantaged individuals, inadequate incentives, and low commitment to the process by stakeholders.
Conclusion: Power and authority in decision-making, resources and accountability are key for effective community participation of marginalized people. Practical guidance is urgently required on how mandated participatory governance structures can be sustained and linked to wider governance systems to improve service delivery.
Objective: This narrative review aims to provide evidence on forms, extents, contexts and dynamics of community participation in primary health care (PHC) and water governance in South Africa and draw cross-cutting lessons. This paper focuses on health and water governance structures, such as health committees, Catchment Management Agencies (CMA), Water User Associations (WUAs), Irrigation Boards (IBs) and Community Management Forums (CMFs).
Methods: Articles were sourced from Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, WHO Global Health Library, Global Health and Science Citation Index between 1994 and 2020 reporting on community participation in health and water governance in South Africa. Databases were searched using key terms to identify relevant research articles and grey literature. Twenty-one articles were included and analysed thematically.
Results: There is limited evidence on how health committees are functioning in all provinces in South Africa. Existing evidence shows that health committees are not functioning effectively due to lack of clarity on roles, autonomy, power, support, and capacity. There was slow progress in establishment of water governance structures, although these are autonomous and have mechanisms for democratic control, unlike health committees. Participation in CMAs/WUAs/IBs/CMFs is also not effective due to manipulation of spaces by elites, lack of capacity of previously disadvantaged individuals, inadequate incentives, and low commitment to the process by stakeholders.
Conclusion: Power and authority in decision-making, resources and accountability are key for effective community participation of marginalized people. Practical guidance is urgently required on how mandated participatory governance structures can be sustained and linked to wider governance systems to improve service delivery.
20 Dektar, B.; McConnell, S.; Kasekende, A. 2022. Exploratory assessment of challenges and issues with private water operators in rural water supply and service delivery: a case study of the Karamoja Region, Uganda. Water Policy, 24(5):856-866. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2021.263]
Water supply ; Rural areas ; Assessment ; Private sector ; Sustainability ; Water users ; Tariffs ; Water governance ; Water policies ; Local government ; Water authorities ; Poverty ; Case studies / Uganda / Karamoja
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051138)
https://iwaponline.com/wp/article-pdf/24/5/856/1050929/024050856.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051138.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051138.pdf
(0.58 MB) (596 KB)
This exploratory assessment was conducted in the Karamoja region of North Eastern Uganda. The aim was to analyse the contextual shortfalls that undermine the effectiveness and sustainability of private operators (PO) in water supply. POs had limited capacity to manage affairs of the water supply systems (WSS). Specifically, their skills were lacking to manage the electromechanical components of the systems, meter reading, and they exhibited poor customer care skills. Intermittent power supplies rendered the WSS unreliable. Solar systems were reported to have erratic frequencies and output which also ultimately resulted in inconsistent water supply. However, the POs hardly pursued corrective measures. The weak enforcement of regulatory policies propagated non-uniformity in tariff implementation approaches across districts contributing to lower willingness to pay. The POs’ focus on profits presents a unique challenge as they attempt to minimise energy expenses in a bid to widen profit margins. We conclude that the limited technical and managerial capacity of POs in running water supply systems is a critical cause of unsatisfactory service delivery to water users. Finally, the weak water governance and regulatory policy enforcement and the non-adherence to water tariff plans not only affect PO economies of scale but also hamper efficient service delivery.
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