Your search found 7 records
1 Joshi, N. M.; Subedee, S.; Pandey, D. R. (Eds.) 2017. Proceedings of the Seventh International Seminar on Irrigation in Local Adaptation and Resilience, Kathmandu, Nepal, 11-12 April 2017. Kathmandu, Nepal: Farmer Managed Irrigation Systems Promotion Trust. 348p.
Irrigation systems ; Irrigation management ; Irrigation practices ; Drip irrigation ; Farmer managed irrigation systems ; Climate change ; Climatic factors ; Small scale systems ; Water management ; Water availability ; Water distribution ; Water resources ; Water security ; Water governance ; Economic impact ; Multiple use ; Financing ; Highlands ; Sustainability ; Solar energy ; Economic aspects ; Cost benefit analysis ; Rural areas ; Food security ; Municipal authorities ; Socioeconomic environment ; Gender ; Women's participation ; Role of women ; Equity ; Decentralization ; Planning ; Case studies / Nepal / Nawalparasi District / Chiang Mai / Kapilavastu / Mae Rim District / Dhikurpokhari / Kaski / Andhikhola River Basin / Chapakot Irrigation System
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.913 G000 JOS Record No: H048568)
2 Bhattarai, B. 2020. How do gender relations shape a community’s ability to adapt to climate change? Insights from Nepal’s community forestry. Climate and Development, 12(10):876-887. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2019.1701971]
Climate change adaptation ; Gender relations ; Gender equity ; Community forestry ; Forest management ; Forest user groups ; Women ; Decision making ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Living standards ; Policies ; Political ecology ; Case studies / Nepal / Himalayan Region / Kaski
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050085)
(1.38 MB)
Despite notable policy reforms and development actions, gender inequality persists in environmental management in Nepal. In this paper, I present an in-depth case study to demonstrate how the persistence of gender-based inequality in community forestry has, or is likely to have, impacted the possibility to adapt to climate change, and then also reshape gender relations in adaptation interventions. Based on this, I argue that adaptation initiatives which rest on existing gender inequitable forest management institutions are likely to exacerbate gender-based inequality, further hampering the longer-term socio-ecological resilience. Although gender inequality is not created solely either by forestry institutions or in the institutions designed for climate adaptation, community forestry institutions are increasingly reinforcing the larger patriarchal societal structure that is deeply rooted and manifested in everyday practices. I highlight the need for both forest management and adaptation policies and practices to better recognize, appreciate and address gender inequality. In order to enhance gender-equitable adaptation to climate change, I suggest re-examining and constantly monitoring the changing gender in/equality in the existing forest management institutions and service delivery mechanisms and also adjusting adaptation planning to fully harness the potential of gender equitable forest management and climate change adaptation.
3 GC, R. K.; Ranganathan, S.; Hammett, A. L. (Tom); Hall, R. P. 2020. What factors determine the technical performance of community-managed rural water systems in the middle hills of Nepal?. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 9p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.189]
Water supply ; Water systems ; Community management ; Multiple use water services ; Domestic water ; Sustainability ; Decision making ; Committees ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Household income ; Rural areas ; Highlands ; Models / Nepal / Syangja / Kaski / Palpa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050151)
(0.33 MB)
Gravity-fed water systems are widely used in the rural hills of Nepal. This study identifies the systematic factors that contribute to rural households not obtaining water due to system breakdowns. The study makes use of data from a 2017 to 2018 study of 202 households served by 10 community-based water systems from three localities within the western middle hills of Nepal. A hierarchical regression model is used to capture both household- and system-level variables. The analysis identifies three household-level and three system-level predictors of the duration of water system breakdowns. The significant household-level predictors include (1) a sense of ownership toward the water system, (2) user involvement in decision making during the planning and implementation of the water system, and (3) income earned from water-based productive activities. The significant system-level predictors include (1) distance from the village to the water source, (2) the performance of the water user committee, and (3) the water system operator's level of activity. In addition, the interactions between household- and system-level variables are captured. The empirical relationship between household productive income and the duration of breakdowns is a novel finding. These findings will be valuable to the Nepalese government and other actors working to implement sustainable water systems.
4 Raut, N.; Shakya, A.; Gurung, S.; Dahal, B. M. 2021. Adoption of a Multiple Use Water System (MUWS) to ensure water security for Nepalese hill farmers. Water Policy, 23(2):239-254. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2021.066]
Multiple use water services ; Water systems ; Water security ; Water supply ; Water scarcity ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Water storage ; Farmers ; Communities ; Socioeconomic environment ; Households ; Models ; Vegetables / Nepal / Kaski / Lumle / Dhikurpokhari
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050344)
https://iwaponline.com/wp/article-pdf/23/2/239/879073/023020239.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050344.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050344.pdf
(0.32 MB) (332 KB)
Multiple use water system (MUWS) is an approach to water services planning and design of new and rehabilitated systems. It is informed by input on people's multiple water uses, reuses, and needs at their preferred sites within communities. Although MUWS has been implemented in different parts of Nepal to address water security, the motivating factors in adoption of MUWS have not been previously clear. To better understand farmers' interests, the socio-economic context, and severity of water scarcity problems, we analyzed determinant factors in adoption of MUWS related to the extent of area under vegetable production in Annapurna rural municipality of Kaski district. We surveyed 150 households and conducted eight key informant interviews. A binary logistic regression model showed that five variables, namely: households sharing a tap, water tariff, water volume used, availability of a water storage system, and water sufficiency during the dry season have significant positive influences on the adoption of MUWS. In contrast, two variables, namely: caste and access to water have significant negative influences on the adoption behavior of farmers. Likewise, the linear regression model showed agricultural crops grown, total landholdings, and water quality influenced the extent of vegetable production. Thus the socio-economic condition, access to resources and the institution affect the adoption behavior of farmers. Agriculture policy intervention at provincial/national level should highlight the importance of adoption of MUWS and its benefit in terms of securing water, economy and food in a changing climate.
5 Nijhawan, A.; Howard, G.; Poudel, M.; Pregnolato, M.; Lo, Y. T. E.; Ghimire, A.; Baidya, M.; Geremew, A.; Flint, A.; Mulugeta, Y. 2022. Assessing the climate resilience of community-managed water supplies in Ethiopia and Nepal. Water, 14(8):1293. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w14081293]
Climate change ; Resilience ; Water supply ; Community management ; Adaptation ; Indicators ; Water, sanitation and hygiene ; Drinking water ; Risk ; Institutions ; Infrastructure ; Rural areas / Ethiopia / Nepal / Kersa / Haramaya / Chitwan / Kaski
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051116)
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/8/1293/pdf?version=1650035968
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051116.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051116.pdf
(1.25 MB) (1.25 MB)
Understanding the resilience of water supplies to climate change is becoming an urgent priority to ensure health targets are met. Addressing systemic issues and building the resilience of community-managed supplies, which serve millions of people in rural LMIC settings, will be critical to improve access to safe drinking water. The How Tough is WASH (HTIW) framework to assess resilience was applied to community-managed water supplies in Ethiopia and Nepal to assess the effectiveness of this framework in field conditions. The resilience of these water supplies was measured along six domains—the environment, infrastructure, management, institutional support, community governance and supply chains—that can affect how they respond to climate change effects. We found that the HTIW framework provided an objective measure of resilience and could be used to rank water supplies in order of priority for action. We also found that systemic issues could be identified. The tools and methods used in the framework were easy to deploy by field research teams. The water supplies studied in Ethiopia and Nepal had low to moderate resilience to climate change. Service management and institutional support were weak in both countries. The data from Ethiopia and Nepal suggests that many water supplies in rural and small-town communities are unlikely to be resilient to future climate change without increased investment and support. The use of simple frameworks such as HTIW will be important in supporting decisions around such investments by identifying priority communities and actions.
6 Bai, Y.-I.; Fu, C.; Thapa, B.; Rana, R. B.; Zhang, L.-X. 2022. Effects of conservation measures on crop diversity and their implications for climate-resilient livelihoods: the case of Rupa Lake Watershed in Nepal. Journal of Mountain Science, 19(4):945-957. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-020-6426-3]
Agrobiodiversity ; Diversification ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Livelihoods ; Watersheds ; Cash crops ; Grain crops ; Vegetables ; Households ; Farmland / Nepal / Gandaki / Kaski / Rupa Lake Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051119)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11629-020-6426-3.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051119.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051119.pdf
(0.70 MB) (712 KB)
Agrobiodiversity conservation is vital for achieving sustainability, but empirical studies on the effects of different practices or measures on crop diversity are rare. This study aims to estimate the effects of raising conservation awareness (RCA), building diversity blocks (BDB), and their combination on crop diversity among 240 randomly selected households surrounding the Rupa Lake Watershed in Nepal. Based on descriptive analysis and multiple regression models, the results indicate that the two single measures had no significant effect on the numbers of crop species and varieties grown by households in 2018. However, the combination of RCA and BDB had a significantly positive effect on the number of crop varieties, especially for grain and vegetable crops. Considering that these crops are essential in the daily lives of local people, the results indicate that a strategy that combines both awareness raising and on-farm conservation measures can generate higher crop diversity and better serve the climate-resilient livelihoods of people in mountainous areas.
7 Chapagain, S. K.; Aryal, A.; Mohan, G.; Shrestha, S.; Mishra, B. K.; Fukushi, K. 2022. Analysis of the climate change impact on water availability and the links between water pollution and economy for sustainable water resource management in Kaski District, Nepal. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 13(8):3030-3045. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2022.105]
Climate change ; Water availability ; Water pollution ; Water resources ; Carrying capacity ; Water management ; Sustainability ; Economic growth ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water quality ; Domestic water ; Water use ; Water policies ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Livestock / Nepal / Kaski / Gandaki River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051281)
https://iwaponline.com/jwcc/article-pdf/13/8/3030/1093912/jwc0133030.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051281.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051281.pdf
(0.83 MB) (851 KB)
The newly enacted national water policy is envisioned as ensuring water sustainability in Nepal. Despite theoretical pertinence, questions remain about the effective implementation due to limited studies on key aspects of sustainability, such as water supply and demand, pollution, and impacts of climate change and socio-economic growth. This study analyses the current and future availability of water under climate change scenarios and determines water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) as the maximum socio-economic growth that can be supported in a case study on the Kaski District, Nepal. Annual average water availability was estimated to be 11,030.7 million cubic meters (MCM) for the baseline period (1992–2010), and 7,677.4 and 7,674.2 MCM for the future period (2022–2050) under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 emission scenarios, respectively. For the baseline period, WRCC far exceeds the current population; therefore, water resources will not be a limiting factor for local socio-economic development. Nevertheless, sustainable water infrastructure development policies are necessary to ensure a reliable water supply able to cope with increasing seasonal variability and declining future water availability. A total of 30,049 tons of biological oxygen demand (BOD) loads were estimated based on the economic activities of the Kaski District in 2011, with the direct and indirect sectoral roles of water pollution determined for the first time. Rather than a single pollution control strategy based on pollution loads, multiple sector-specific strategies are necessary to effectively implement water pollution control policies.
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