Your search found 12 records
1 Rosegrant, M. W.; Cline, S. A.; Li, W.; Sulser, T. B.; Valmonte-Santos, R. A. 2005. Looking ahead: Long-term prospects for Africa's agricultural development and food security. Washington, DC, USA: IFPRI. xii, 60p. (IFPRI 2020 discussion paper 41)
Food security ; Poverty ; Water resources ; Water harvesting ; Marketing ; Trade policy ; Trade liberalization ; Women / Africa
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 338.19 G100 ROS Record No: H038859)
2 Olubode-Awosola, O. O.; Van Schalkwyk, H. D. 2007. South African land and market reforms: Equity versus efficiency. In O’reilly, S.; Keane, M.; Enright, P. (Eds.). Proceedings of the 16th International Farm Management Association Congress: A vibrant rural economy – The challenge for balance. University College Cork, Cork, Ireland 15-20 July 2007. Vol. 1. IFMA 16, Theme 2: Agrarian Vs Rural: Economies and Settlements. Cork, Ireland: International Farm Management Association. pp.221-228.
Land reform ; Equity ; Marketing policy ; Trade liberalization ; Mathematical models ; Farms / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 338.1 G178 OLU Record No: H040766)
This study makes a contribution to the land redistribution policy, which is presently not only one of The most definitive political and development issues, but perhaps the most intractable in South Africa. The study develops and uses a mathematical model for regionalised farm-level resource use and output supply response to show that the current policy requires more economic imperatives, as it tends towards smallholder agriculture that cannot produce adequate yields to meet either domestic demand or a tradable volume. Given the challenges of a free market and the fact that the settled small-scale, resource-poor (mainly black) farmers are less efficient compared to large-scale (mainly white) farmers from whom government transfers land, the study compares and prescribes land redistribution strategy that considers equity with efficiency. The study further suggests that agricultural land may act as a safety net for the poor, where the efficiency argument does not hold.
3 Gulati, A.; Fan, S. (Eds.) 2007. The dragon and the elephant: agricultural and rural reforms in China and India. Washington, DC, USA: IFPRI. 548p.
Agriculture ; Rural development ; Land reform ; Land tenure ; Public health ; Poverty ; Public investment ; Agricultural research ; Trade liberalization ; Marketing / China / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.18 G570 GUL Record No: H040826)
4 Grote, U.; Craswell, E. T.; Vlek P. L. G. 2008. Nutrient and virtual water flows in traded agricultural commodities. In Braimoh, A. K.; Vlek, P. L. G. (Eds.). Land use and soil resources. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.121-143.
Food production ; Water requirements ; Environmental degradation ; International trade ; Trade liberalization ; Policy
(Location: IWMI HQ Record No: H041023)
http://www.gwsp.org/downloads/Grote_Craswell_Vlek_2008.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041023.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041023.pdf
Globalization and increasing population pressure on food demand and land and water resources have stimulated interest in nutrient and virtual water flows at the international level. West Asia/North Africa (WANA), Southeast Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa are net importers not only of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) but also of virtual water in agricultural commodities. Nevertheless, the widely recognized declines in soil fertility and problems related to water shortage continue to increase, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The nutrients imported are commonly concentrated in the cities, creating waste disposal problems rather than alleviating deficiencies in rural soils. And also the water shortage problems continue to contribute to intensified desertification processes, which again lead to increased urbanization and thus water shortage problems in cities. Countries with a net loss of NPK and virtual water in agricultural commodities are the major food exporting countries—the USA, Australia, and some Latin American countries. Understanding the manifold factors determining the nutrient and water flows is essential. Only then can solutions be found which ensure a sustainable use of nutrients and water resources. The chapter ends by stressing the need for factoring environmental costs into the debate on nutrient and water management, and advocates more transdisciplinary research on these important problems.
5 von Braun, J.; Diaz-Bonilla, E. (Eds.) 2008. Globalization of food and agriculture and the poor. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press. 370p.
Globalization ; Food security ; Food production ; Marketing ; Trade liberalization ; Policy ; Developing countries ; Poverty ; Nutrition ; Agricultural production
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.19 G000 VON Record No: H041465)
6 Liao, Yongsong; de Fraiture, Charlotte; Giordano, Mark. 2008. Global trade and water: lessons from China and the WTO. Global Governance, 14:503-521.
Agricultural production ; Irrigation water ; Water balance ; Water requirements ; Crop production ; Water scarcity ; River basins ; Water deficit ; Groundwater ; Trade liberalization ; Trade policy / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041743)
Agricultural trade and water use are intrinsically linked. The case of China illustrates how (1) trade liberalization may impact water use; and (2) failure to consider water resources may distort analysis of trade liberalization. This article incorporates water constraints into forecasts of future agriculture in China and thereby creates a new set of scenarios that explicitly examine linkages between agriculture, water, and global trade. These new assessments show that many existing projections regarding agriculture in China are unrealistic due to water scarcity. For instance, China may import more wheat and export fewer vegetables and fruits than has typically been predicted. The findings also indicate that WTO accession provides China with opportunities to better manage demand for water in its agricultural sector while still addressing key food security concerns. The article emphasizes that it is crucial to include water as a factor of production when analyzing global agricultural trade. Global governance mechanisms of trade, such as the WTO, need to fulfill their key role in the design of effective water resources policy.
7 Abdullaev, Iskandar; de Fraiture, Charlotte; Giordano, Mark; Yakubov, Murat; Rasulov, A. 2009. Agricultural water use and trade in Uzbekistan: situation and potential impacts of market liberalization. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 25(1):47-63. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900620802517533]
Water use ; Irrigation management ; Water management ; Cotton ; Wheat ; Rice ; Agricultural policy ; Farm structure ; Farmers ; Land tenure ; Food security ; Trade liberalization ; Marketing / Uzbekistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041745)
The focus in Uzbekistan on cotton and its irrigation led to large increases in water use with significant downstream impacts, particularly on the Aral Sea. While agriculture is still heavily influenced by the state, Uzbekistan has become more integrated in the global economy since its independence. The major goal of this paper is to examine the interrelationship between agricultural policies and water use during the last 15 years and how moves towards freer markets, such as those which might occur under the World Trade Organization, may impact Uzbekistan’s water resources in the future. The results show that partial or full market liberalization may result in an increase in water use. However, the greater message is that non-water policies can have a major impact on water outcomes and therefore should be considered in any discussions of water sector reform.
8 Malik, R. P. S. 2009. Indian agriculture: recent performance and prospects in the wake of globalization. In Amarasinghe, Upali A.; Shah, Tushaar; Malik, R. P. S. (Eds.). Strategic Analyses of the National River Linking Project (NRLP) of India, Series 1: India’s water future: scenarios and issues. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) pp.147-167.
Agricultural production ; Trade liberalization ; Trade policy ; Crop production ; Crop yield ; Exports / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9162 G635 AMA Record No: H042037)
(82.26 KB)
9 Matchaya, Greenwell; Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso; Nhemachena, Charles. 2016. Agricultural growth trends and outlook for Southern Africa: promoting agricultural trade to enhance resilience in Southern Africa. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 84p. (ReSAKSS-SA Annual Trends and Outlook Report 2013)
Agricultural development ; Agricultural policy ; Agricultural budgets ; Agricultural trade ; Agricultural products ; Economic indicators ; Community development ; Trade liberalization ; Food prices ; Market information services ; Production costs ; Drought ; Cereal products ; Socioeconomic environment ; Poverty / Southern Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047998)
http://www.resakss.org/sites/default/files/ReSAKSS-SA%20Trends%20Report%202013_Final.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047998.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047998.pdf
(2.64 MB)
10 Dissanayake, S.; Asafu-Adjaye, J.; Mahadeva, R. 2017. Addressing climate change cause and effect on land cover and land use in South Asia. Land Use Policy, 67:352-366. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.06.003]
Climate change mitigation ; Land cover ; Land use ; Agricultural productivity ; Intensification ; Trade liberalization ; Trade policies ; Agricultural prices ; Farmland ; Forestry ; Pastures ; Carbon dioxide ; Emission ; Models ; Databases / South Asia / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048304)
(1.16 MB)
This paper evaluates the role of trade liberalization and agricultural intensification in mitigating climate change cause and effects on land use and emissions using a computable general equilibrium model. Our results indicate that cropland expansion triggered by climate-induced crop productivity changes results in deforestation and increases emissions in South Asia and globally. Global full trade liberalization on all goods is the optimum policy for South Asia despite significant global deforestation, but for the world, unilateral partial trade liberalization on all goods is a more appropriate policy while ensuring a considerable emissions reduction for South Asia. These results indicate that mitigation responses to climate change are location specific and no one trade policy is suitable at the regional and global levels. Lastly, agricultural intensification by improving productivity growth is the best strategy in land-based emissions mitigation, thereby avoiding the transformation of forest and pasture lands for agricultural cultivation both at regional and global levels.
11 Kahsay, T. N.; Kuik, O.; Brouwer, R.; van der Zaag, P. 2018. The transboundary impacts of trade liberalization and climate change on the Nile Basin economies and water resource availability. Water Resources Management, 32(3):935-947. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-017-1847-7]
International waters ; International trade policies ; Trade liberalization ; Water resources ; Water availability ; Climate change ; Water use ; Agricultural production ; Economic aspects ; River basins ; Equilibrium theory ; Models / Africa / Egypt / Ethiopia / Sudan / Nile River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048494)
(0.54 MB)
A multi-country, multi-sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is used for the first time to evaluate the economic and water resource availability effects of trade liberalization (removal of import tariffs) and facilitation (reducing non-tariff barriers) under climate change in the Nile Basin. The analysis uses the GTAP 9 Database and the GTAP-W model that distinguishes between rainfed and irrigated agriculture and implements water as a factor of production directly substitutable in the production process of irrigated agriculture. A full trade liberalization and improved trade facilitation scenario is considered with and without climate change. The study reveals that trade liberalization and facilitation generates substantial economic benefits and enhances economic growth and welfare in the Nile basin. The effect of instituting a free trade policy on water savings is found to be limited, while climate change improves water supply and hence irrigation water use, enhancing economic growth and welfare in the basin.
12 McMillan, M.; Rodrik, D.; Sepulveda, C. (Eds.) 2016. Structural change, fundamentals, and growth: a framework and case studies. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 305p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896292147]
Structural change ; Economic growth ; Economic structure ; Frameworks ; Case studies ; Agricultural productivity ; Trade liberalization ; Gross national product ; Manufacturing ; Trade policies ; Industrialization ; Human capital ; Labour market ; Unemployment ; Government policy ; Private sector ; Tariffs ; Constraints ; Political aspects ; Social change ; Transformation ; Households ; Developing countries ; Urbanization / India / Vietnam / Botswana / Ghana / Nigeria / Zambia / Brazil / Gujarat / Maharashtra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.9 G000 MCM Record No: H049061)
https://www.ifpri.org/cdmref/p15738coll2/id/131168/filename/131379.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049061.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049061.pdf
(4.12 MB) (4.12 MB)
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