Your search found 18 records
1 Fernando, Sudarshana; Drechsel, Pay; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Semasinghe, Cristina. 2014. Performance and potential of the public sector municipal solid waste compost plants in Sri Lanka [Abstract only] In Marambe, B; Abeyratne, F.; Amarasinghe, U. S.; Silva, G. L. L. P.; Alwis, P. L. A. G.; Chandrasiri, A. D. N.; Rajapaksha, R. M. C. P.; Abeysiriwardena, S.; Wijesundara, D. S. A.; Hewajulige, I. G. N.; Prematilake, K. G.; Niranjan, F. (Eds.). SLCARP International Agricultural Research Symposium, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 11-12 August 2014. Book of Abstracts. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Council for Agricultural Research Policy (SLCARP). pp.14.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046573)
The production of competitive high-quality composts from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and recovering at least operational and maintenance (O&M) cost of doing so are common challenges. A field study was conducted covering 13 public sector M5W compost plants in the country and their performance was assessed through semistructured interviews, and by exploring the challenges faced by the compost sector in general. To understand the potential of the industry, the quantities of nutrient recovered from the MSW collected and the amount of compost produced, which can actually be used as a soil conditioner and as an upgraded fertilizer blended with fecal sludge (FS), were estimated and compared with total nutrient demand from predominant farming systems. By considering the compost plant capacities the present compost potential in Sri Lanka is estimated as 200 tons/day. The nutrient values of the M5W compost are 0.9%,0.4% and 0.8% for N, P and K, respectively. If the MSW and FS co-composting is conducted the potential rice tones based on N,P,K values can be estimated as 44,000, 949,000 and 84,000 respectively. This is an increase of 130 %, 980 % and 290 % (with respect to N, P, and K) compared to the MSW compost. The actual sale to actual compost production is in the range of 1-100 %, with an average of 44 %. At present, most of the compost plants in operation in Sri Lanka are either medium or small scale. The present average cost recovery potential is as low as one-third of the O&M cost ofthe compost plant, with variances from 3 % to 106 %. It was evidenced that the capital cost cannot be recovered. This will possibly reduce further if large-scale compost plants were introduced in cities that are more mechanized and consume more energy. The study concluded that the MSW compost industry should try to (a) improve its value proposition by producing a competitive organic fertilizer, e.g. by blending the MSW input with F5, (b) perform a detailed market analyses to assess its production potential before any new plant is built, and (c) avoid over-sized plants and those that are heavily dependent on energy to keep production costs to a minimum.
2 Fernando, Sudarshana; Drechsel, Pay; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Semasinghe, Christina. 2014. An analysis of the septage management situation in Sri Lanka. [Abstract only] In University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Department of Forestry and Environmental Science; Sri Lanka. Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy. 19th International Forestry and Environment Symposium on Challenges and Solutions in Forest and Environment Management. Proceedings Part 1: Abstract of Papers, Sigiriya, Sri Lanka, 24-25 October 2014. Nugegoda, Sri Lanka: University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Department of Forestry and Environmental Science; Battaramulla, Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka. Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy. pp.47-48.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046699)
(1.05 MB)
3 Fernando, Sudarshana; Drechsel, Pay; Manthrithilake, Herath; Jayawardena, Lalith. 2014. Septage management related regulatory and institutional aspects and needs in Sri Lanka. A review. Sabaragamuwa University Journal, 13(1):1-15.
Corporate culture ; Waste management ; Waste disposal ; Legal aspects ; Regulations ; Guidelines ; Government policy ; Government departments ; Environmental effects / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046750)
http://www.sljol.info/index.php/SUSLJ/article/download/7658/5834
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046750.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046750.pdf
(0.45 MB)
Urbanization, population growth and rapid development have created a notable shift in septage* management in Sri Lanka, necessitating a vast and rapid improvement in the service of mechanized septage collection by trucks and finding additional space to meet the increasing septage disposal needs. According to data collected in 2012, 58% of the Local Authorities (LAs) in Sri Lanka have access to septic truck services. Septage (from septic trucks) appears as a non-traditional and fairly new urban waste stream without proper regulatory and institutional arrangement to manage. This paper contains a comprehensive legal, regulatory and institutional analysis of the present situation, and identify the needs and gaps that need to be filled to establish a sustainable septage management service in Sri Lanka. This review has elicited the need for a new array of regulatory and institutional interventions from national level to local level to manage septage.
4 Fernando, Sudarshana; Drechsel, Pay; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Semasinghe, Christina. 2014. Solid waste and septage co-composting as a pathway to cost and resource recovery in Sri Lanka. In Asian Institute of Technology (AIT). From toilet to source - Accelerating uptake of sustainable and integrated wastewater management solutions: proceedings of the 1st Specialist Conference on Municipal Water Management and Sanitation in Developing Countries, Bangkok, Thailand, 2-4 December 2014. London, UK: IWA Publishing; Bangkok, Thailand: Asian Institute of Technology. pp.246-252.
Solid wastes ; Urban wastes ; Composting ; Resource management ; Recycling ; Cost recovery ; Nutrients ; Faecal coliforms ; Sewage sludge ; Farmers / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046757)
(0.45 MB)
Due to its low nutrient content, compost from municipal solid waste (MS\I\1 qualifies mostly as a conditioner of soil physical properties than soil fertility. This limits the value proposition of the compost and its potential for cost recovery to maintain the compost stations. One way to enhance the compost value is to enrich it with nutrients. Given the increasing attention to fecal sludge (FS) management from septic tanks and latrines, co-composting of both waste streams could be a win-win option to increase the compost nutrient value. To assess the current situation of MSW composting and opportunities and acceptance of co-composting in Sri Lanka several field surveys were conducted including a study of 13 MSW compost plants and current septage management practices in 41 local authorities (LA), a detailed case study of an existing plant mixing MSW and FS, and a willingness to pay study among 257 farmers in proximity of a designated pilot co-composting station. The average cost recovery percentage of the existing compost plants was less than one third of the O&M costs in Sri Lanka with significant variations. The willingness to pay study indicated a high interest in enriched compost. Field trials showed that co-composting with septage could enhance the MSW compost nutrient value. For example, the Phosphorous content of 0.4% could be increased nearly 10 times. In general, co-composting could increase the financial sustainability of the existing compost plants to a substantial degree, while nutrient recovery from MSW without septage addition may not be financially sustainable. Pelletized co-compost could have an increased market value of 70%-1000,1, compare to the normal MSW compost.
5 Gianfelici, F.; Lancon, L.; Bucatariu, C.; Dubbeling, M.; Santini, G.; Fernando, Sudarshana. 2016. Composting urban organic waste into agricultural inputs: Balangoda, Sri Lanka. In Dubbeling, M.; Bucatariu, C.; Santini, G.; Vogt, C.; Eisenbeiss, K. City region food systems and food waste management: linking urban and rural areas for sustainable and resilient development. Eschborn, Germany: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. pp.172-182.
Composting ; Urban wastes ; Organic wastes ; Urban areas ; Organic fertilizers ; Organic agriculture ; Solid wastes ; Waste management ; Waste treatment ; Recycling ; Environmental Impact Assessment ; Health hazards ; Stakeholders ; State intervention / Sri Lanka / Balangoda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047773)
http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/GIZ%252c%20RUAF%252c%20FAO_2016_CityRegionFoodSystems%20%26%20FoodWasteManagement%20LR_1.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047773.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047773.pdf
(5.05 MB)
As in other cities of Sri Lanka, solid waste management has been a key problem in and concern for Balangoda Urban Council. Waste accumulations in the city have caused many problems, including unpleasant odours, contamination of water bodies, and contamination of paddy fields, giving rise to epidemic diseases such as Salmonella, typhoid fever, and diarrhoea. A Balangoda compost plant has been set up to process municipal solid waste into compost. The project started in 1999 as a city service to provide a solution to the solid waste problem, but converted into a business in later years. Integrated waste management in Balangoda now consists of a Municipal Solid Waste compost plant, septage treatment plant, plastic pelletiser and an open dump. In addition, as there is increasing awareness of environmental and health risks related to the use of agro-chemical fertilisers, demand for alternative – organic – fertilisers is increasing. As per the majority of the compost plants in the country, the Balangoda plants are located in semi-urban or rural areas, facilitating reuse of waste in agriculture, with farming areas located near the compost plants. The Balangoda system thus operationalises rural-urban linkages through the collection of urban food and organic waste and its recycling, sale, and reuse as compost for rural (and peri-urban) producers.
6 Fernando, Sudarshana; Semasinghe, Christina; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Wijayamunie, R.; Wickramasinghe, N.; Dissanayake, S. 2016. City region food system situational analysis, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Rome, Italy: FAO; Accra, Ghana: Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF). 251p.
Food consumption ; Food supply ; Food safety ; Food policies ; Food production ; Food chains ; Food security ; Stakeholders ; Corporate culture ; Institutions ; Government departments ; Municipal authorities ; Private sector ; International organizations ; Legal aspects ; Legislation ; Regulations ; Policy making ; Decision making ; Human nutrition ; Malnutrition ; Sociocultural environment ; Poverty ; Natural resources management ; Climate change ; Land use ; Economic aspects ; Small scale systems ; Vegetables ; Fruits ; Livestock ; Milk production ; Crops ; Market prices ; Waste disposal ; Waste management ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Sanitation / Sri Lanka / Colombo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047774)
(7.37 MB)
7 Hettiarachchi, Lakshika; Fernando, Sudarshana; Gunawardena, S.; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Paul, Johannes G.; Grau, Felix. 2016. Strength and disintegration characteristics of compost pellets produced from urban waste in Sri Lanka. Paper presented at the Annual Tropical and Subtropical Agricultural and Natural Resource Management (Tropentag) Conference on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development, Vienna, Austria, 18-21 September 2016. 5p.
Urban wastes ; Composting ; Pellets ; Resource recovery ; Liquid wastes ; Solid wastes ; Nutrients ; Waste treatment ; Fertilizers / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047837)
http://www.tropentag.de/2016/abstracts/links/Paul_gYCioIdz.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047837.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047837.pdf
(347KB)
8 Fernando, Sudarshana; Drechsel, Pay; Amirova, I.; Semasinghe, Christina; Jayathilake, Nilanthi. 2015. Turning urban waste into an economic asset for urban and periurban farming in Sri Lanka. In Sismondi, L. (Ed.). Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Agriculture in an Urbanizing Society-Reconnecting agriculture and food chains to societal needs, 14-17 September 2015, Rome, Italy. Pisa, Italy: Lab di Studi Rurali Sismondi. pp.284-285.
Urban wastes ; Solid wastes ; Composting ; Waste treatment ; Economic infrastructure ; Urban agriculture ; Periurban agriculture ; Nutrients ; Pelleting ; Soil properties ; Fertilizers / Sri Lanka / Kurunegala
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047874)
To assess the current situation of municipal solid waste (MSW) composting opportunities and potential acceptance of nutrient enriched pelletized compost in Sri Lanka,two field surveys were conductednationwide and in Kurunegala (Northwestern) area, respectively. Due to the low nutrient content of MSW compost, it qualifies mostly as a conditioner of the soil’s physical properties. As a result the compost so far produced across the country has received limitedattention. The surveys indicated that if the nutrient levels are increased, 74% of the farmers surveyed are willing to use thecompost. The percentage willing to use compost was similar among farmers of the three most common crops; coconut, paddy and vegetables,ranging from 72 to 77%. Using the land use pattern, the crop cultivation databases and the willingness to use (WTU) results, the potential demand for compost was estimated.As per the results, in the urban context of Kaluthara,a 160% larger capacity plant (present input capacity 38 t/day)would be needed to satisfy market demand within a 10 km radiusof theplant. For the Attanagalla plant (present capacity 10 t/day) within a rural setting, all compost could be absorbed within 2 km.
9 Semasinghe, Christina; Benders, Jorien; Vairavamoorthy, Visakan; Fernando, Sudarshana; Drechsel, Pay. 2016. Vulnerability and resilience of the urban food system to extreme weather: a case study of Colombo, Sri Lanka [Abstract only]. In Centre de cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD). International Conference on Agri-Chains and Sustainable Development: Linking Local and Global Dynamics, Montpellier, France, 12-14 December 2016. Abstracts Book. Paris, France: Centre de cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD). pp.180-181.
Food supply ; Urban areas ; Weather hazards ; Flooding ; Resilience ; Vegetables ; Fish ; Commodity markets ; Supply chain ; Case studies / Sri Lanka / Colombo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047892)
http://acsd2016.cirad.fr/content/download/4317/32688/version/1/file/Book+of+abstracts.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047892.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047892.pdf
(0.05 MB) (1.84 MB)
10 Sinnathamby, V.; Paul, Johannes G.; Dasanayaka, S. W. S. B.; Gunawardena, S. H. P.; Fernando, Sudarshana. 2016. Factors affecting sustainability of municipal solid waste composting projects in Sri Lanka. In University of Moratuwa. Department of Management of Technology. Conference Proceedings of International Conference in Technology Management. Moratuwa, Sri Lanka: University of Moratuwa. Department of Management of Technology. pp.98-103.
Waste management ; Waste treatment ; Urban wastes ; Solid wastes ; Organic wastes ; Composting ; Sustainability ; Value chain ; Developing countries ; Organic fertilizers ; Resource recovery ; Capacity building ; Stakeholders ; Private sector ; Public sector ; Partnerships ; Food production / Sri Lanka / Moratuwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047940)
https://www.mrt.ac.lk/web/sites/default/files/web-page-uploads/iNCOTeM%202016%20Conference%20Proceeding_0.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047940.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047940.pdf
(2.67 MB)
During the past decades, many composting projects have been implemented with the assistance from various donor agencies to address the municipal solid waste (MSW) problem in developing countries, especially in urban areas. However, very few of these projects are sustainable and many were reported as failures, some even closed down and most ofexisting operations rely on heavy subsidies from the Government, foreign funding sources and Local Authorities (LAs). To enhance solid waste management (SWM) an initiative called "Pilisaru" project started in 2008 lead by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) to develop the infrastructures of LAs for a better S WM system mainly focllsing on composting as an efficient low cost option for treatment of the organic waste fraction. However, the initial assessment of this initiative encountered many issues. Therefore, this study was proposed to identifY main lactors that affect the sustainability of municipal compost plants. The methods used to obtain data for this research comprise, sample survey that involved five selected compost plants operating under LAs in Sri Lanka; a specific lield survey that observed waste segregation activities: and a cl ients perception survey conducted in a super market in Colombo that aimed to assess customers perspective 011 buying and use ofcompost based I"bod products. To supplement the findings ofthese investigations, a complementary literature revie\\ and selected expert interviews were carried out with representative stakeholders. The research findings indicate that most of LAs do not have the needed expertise to design, implement and manage an integrated S WM system that allows efticient operation of compost plants according to recognized standards. Furthermore, it appears that 1110st ofthe compost plants do not manage it full-cost recovery of their O&M cost with the main issues that users are not charged for the provided waste management services and .produced compost can not be marketed successfully, Besides, from the perspective of sustainable operation, need and provision offuture investment is unclear, especially for replacement to maintain an effective operation level. To overcome the emerging weaknesses of the Pilisaru project, it is recommended to provide a continuous capacity building programme for the LAs and involved stakeholders, supported by public awareness programs, especially lor enhanced waste segregation, marketing promotion for compost products as well as technical and financial assistance for relevant stakeholders that need support to perform their tasks in the SW value chain. Furthermore, it is envisioned to revisit the provided SWM policies and to add regulations that built on insights from best SWM practices in Sri Lanka but also from applicable international experiences from other developing countries. This should also include the production of quality compost that meets the fertilizer demands from an agriculture perspective. Lastly, the enhancement of waste segregation practices and involvement of the private sector should be addressed in order to strengthen operations and business performance through enhanced public participation and Private-Public-Partnerships (PPP).
11 Otoo, Miriam; Fernando, Sudarshana; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Aheeyar, Mohamed; Madurangi, Ganesha. 2016. Opportunities for sustainable municipal solid waste management services in Batticaloa: business strategies for improved resource recovery. [Project report submitted to United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) as a part of the research project on Opportunities for Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management Services in Batticaloa: Business Strategies for Improved Rresource Recovery and Reuse] Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 71p.
Urban wastes ; Waste management ; Solid wastes ; Resource recovery ; Composting ; Local authorities ; Health hazards ; Waste water treatment plants ; Organic wastes ; Waste disposal ; Urban wastes ; Food wastes ; Curing ; Business management ; Market economics ; Assessment ; Farmer participation ; Organic fertilizers ; Nutrients ; Cost recovery ; Financial situation ; Profitability ; Price fixing ; Capacity building ; Training / Sri Lanka / Batticaloa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048062)
(4.41 MB)
12 Balasubramanya, Soumya; Evans, B.; Hardy, Richard; Ahmed, R.; Habib, A.; Asad, N. S. M.; Rahman, M.; Hasan, H.; Dey, D.; Fletcher, J.; Camargo-Valero, M. A.; Rao, Krishna Chaitanya; Fernando, Sudarshana. 2017. Towards sustainable sanitation management: Establishing the costs and willingness to pay for emptying and transporting sludge in rural districts with high rates of access to latrines. PLoS One, 12(3):1-20. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171735]
Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Waste treatment ; Sanitation ; Transport infrastructure ; Rural areas ; Latrines ; Pit latrines ; Environmental impact assessment ; Health hazards ; Financing ; State intervention ; Households ; Maintenance costs / Bangladesh / Bhaluka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048078)
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0171735&type=printable
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048078.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048078.pdf
(1.53 MB)
Motivation: Proper management of fecal sludge has significant positive health and environmental externalities. Most research on managing onsite sanitation so far either simulates the costs of, or the welfare effects from, managing sludge in situ in pit latrines. Thus, designing management strategies for onsite rural sanitation is challenging, because the actual costs of transporting sludge for treatment, and sources for financing these transport costs, are not well understood. Methods: In this paper we calculate the actual cost of sludge management from onsite latrines, and identify the contributions that latrine owners are willing to make to finance the costs. A spreadsheet-based model is used to identify a cost-effective transport option, and to calculate the cost per household. Then a double-bound contingent valuation method is used to elicit from pit-latrine owners their willingness-to-pay to have sludge transported away. This methodology is employed for the case of a rural subdistrict in Bangladesh called Bhaluka, a unit of administration at which sludge management services are being piloted by the Government of Bangladesh. Results: The typical sludge accumulation rate in Bhaluka is calculated at 0.11 liters/person/day and a typical latrine will need to be emptied approximately once every 3 to 4 years. The costs of emptying and transport are high; approximately USD 13 per emptying event (circa 14% of average monthly income); household contributions could cover around 47% of this cost. However, if costs were spread over time, the service would cost USD 4 per year per household, or USD 0.31 per month per household—comparable to current expenditures of rural households on telecommunications. Conclusion: This is one of few research papers that brings the costs of waste management together with financing of that cost, to provide evidence for an implementable solution. This framework can be used to identify cost effective sludge management options and private contributions towards that cost in other (context-specific) administrative areas where onsite sanitation is widespread.
13 Balasubramanya, Soumya; Evans, E.; Ahmed, R.; Habib, A.; Asad, N. S. M.; Rahman, M.; Hasan, M.; Dey, D.; Camargo-Valero, M.; Rao, Krishna Chaitanya; Fernando, Sudarshana. 2017. Take it away: the need for designing fecal sludge disposal services for single-pit latrines. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 7(1):121-128. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.073]
Faecal sludge ; Waste disposal ; Waste management ; Pit latrines ; Sanitation ; Rural areas ; Household wastes ; Transport infrastructure ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Environmental health / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048079)
The government of Bangladesh is increasingly paying attention to the safe collection and disposal of fecal sludge from pit latrines in rural areas. In this paper, we report on current sludge disposal practices from single-pit latrines, by conducting a survey of 1,091 households with pit latrines in a rural subdistrict of Bangladesh. Almost all households were using their pits, and 90% reported that hiring pit emptiers to empty the pit for reuse was the dominant pit management practice. However, 90% of households also reported that the sludge from these pits would be disposed of in the vicinity of their homes, by digging wide and shallow troughs in the soil to absorb the sludge. These results indicate an urgent need to design an organized service that safely transports fecal sludge away for treatment. The National Committee for Fecal Sludge Management, constituted by the government of Bangladesh, is using these results to design policy for sludge management.
14 Kumara, A. M. I. U.; Drechsel, Pay; Fernando, Sudarshana; Jayathilake, Nilanthi. 2018. Perceptions towards new restrictions on polythene usage in Sri Lanka: case study in Colombo city. [Abstract only] In Sri Lanka. Uwa Wellassa University. Proceeding of 2nd International Research Symposium on the Emerging Technologies for an Innovative Green Economy, Badulla, Sri Lanka, 1-2 February. Badulla, Sri Lanka: Uwa Wellassa University. pp.372.
Environmental protection ; Polythene ; Disposables ; Supermarkets ; State intervention / Sri Lanka / Colombo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048518)
(3.88 MB)
15 Otoo, Miriam; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Drechsel, Pay; Rao, Krishna C.; Fernando, Sudarshana; Pradhan, S. K.; Hanjra, Munir A.; Qadir, M.; Winkler, M. 2018. Defining and analyzing RRR business cases and models. In Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.17-31.
Resource recovery ; Business management ; Models ; Case studies ; Assessment ; Waste management ; Wastewater treatment ; Financing ; Water reuse ; Nutrients ; Organic matter ; Energy recovery ; Private sector ; Public sector ; Cost recovery ; Risk reduction ; Health hazards ; Environmental impact assessment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048624)
(0.99 MB)
16 Semasinghe, C.; Benders, J.; Vairavamoorthy, V.; Fernando, Sudarshana; Drechsel, Pay. 2018. Vulnerability and resilience of the Colombo urban food system to extreme weather. Urban Agriculture Magazine, 34:26.
Urban areas ; Food supply ; Food production ; Food chains ; Supply chain ; Wholesale marketing ; Weather / Sri Lanka / Colombo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048967)
https://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/RUAF_UAM34_p26.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048967.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048967.pdf
(62 KB)
17 Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Drechsel, Pay; Keraita, B.; Fernando, Sudarshana; Hanjra, M. A. 2019. Guidelines and regulations for fecal sludge management from on-site sanitation facilities. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 57p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 14) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.211]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Faecal sludge ; Sanitation ; Guidelines ; Regulations ; Standards ; Policies ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Frameworks ; Technology ; Waste disposal ; Waste treatment ; Pit latrines ; Septic tanks ; Transport ; Operating costs ; Public health ; Excreta ; Pathogens ; Aquaculture ; Pollutants ; Heavy metals ; Microplastics ; Soil conditioners ; Sewage sludge ; Organic fertilizers ; Composting ; Energy generation ; Fuels ; Environmental protection ; Occupational hazards ; Land use ; Urban areas ; Households ; Stakeholders ; Institutions ; Governmental organizations ; European Union / USA / Canada / Australia / India / Malaysia / Philippines / Vietnam / Bangladesh / Zambia / Ghana / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049291)
(1.05 MB)
In low- and middle-income countries, the management of fecal sludge from on-site sanitation systems has received little attention over many decades, resulting in insufficient or missing regulations to guide investments and management options. To address this gap, this report examines existing and emerging guidelines and regulations for fecal sludge management (FSM) along the sanitation service chain (user interface, containment, emptying, transport, treatment, valorization, reuse or disposal). It also draws empirical examples from guidelines across the globe to support policy-makers, planners, and sanitation and health officers, as well as consultants in low- and middle-income countries in the development and design of local and national FSM guidelines and regulations.
18 Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Kumara, I. U.; Fernando, Sudarshana. 2020. Solid and liquid waste management and resource recovery in Sri Lanka: a 20 city analysis. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 83p.
Waste management ; Solid wastes ; Liquid wastes ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Resource management ; Urban areas ; Urban wastes ; Municipal wastewater ; Treatment plants ; Waste disposal ; Sewerage ; Septic tanks ; Faecal sludge ; Latrines ; Recycling ; Desludging ; Composting ; Waste landfills ; Water supply ; Municipal authorities ; Local authorities ; Households ; Sanitation ; Development projects / Sri Lanka / Anuradhapura / Badulla / Batticaloa / Colombo / Galle / Jaffna / Kaluthara / Kandy / Kilinochchi / Kurunegala / Mannar / Matale / Matara / Mullaithivu / Negombo / Nuwara Eliya / Puttalam / Ratnapura / Trincomalee / Vauniya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050009)
(16.1 MB)
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