Your search found 9 records
1 Kuppannan, Palanisami; Ranganathan, C. R.; Umetsu, C. 2011. Groundwater over-exploitation and efficiency in crop production: application of data envelopment analysis. Journal of Applied Operational Research, 3(1):13-22.
Groundwater extraction ; Resource depletion ; Crop production ; Efficiency ; Data analysis ; Water scarcity ; Wells ; Irrigation ; Farms ; Farmers / South India / Tamil Nadu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044494)
(0.11 MB)
Groundwater over-exploitation and well failure are common in hard rock regions of south India. Groundwater scarcity influenced the farm input use and overall farm level technical efficiency. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been used to quantify the level of technical efficiency in different groundwater extraction regions of Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu state, India. The average technical efficiency had varied from 95.55 percent in more exploited (critical) regions to 82.93 percent in less exploited (safe) regions. The scale efficiency has indicated that input use was close to the optimum level in groundwater more exploited regions compared to less exploited regions. The results had indicated that there is further scope to increase the technical efficiency among the farm groups within each groundwater extracting regions. The recommendations include adoption of a crop pattern with minimum crop failure and introduction of regular farm educational programs as well as participatory crop management programs for better use of the resources.
2 Smith, R.; Gemma, M.; Kuppannan, Palanisami. 2011. Profit based efficiency measures, with an application to rice production in Southern India. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 62(2):340-356. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2010.00288.x]
Agricultural production ; Rice ; Efficiency ; Tank irrigation ; Models ; Farmers ; Economic aspects ; Policy / South India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044497)
(0.21 MB)
Using non-parametric methods, we estimate the foregone rents due to credit, allocative, and technical inefficiencies of subsistence farmers in Southern India. The lost rents are estimated directly from the Nerlovian efficiency index, and the results suggest the largest foregone rents derive from allocative inefficiencies and then credit inefficiencies. Also, results suggest that farms without well access experience larger losses than those with well access. Econometric results suggest education, the presence of tank water management efforts, and well access influence the level of foregone rent due to allocative and Nerlovian inefficiencies. Educational activities and policies to encourage better management of tanks are considered important for lowering the foregone losses.
3 Muddu, S.; Javeed, Y.; Bandyopadhyay, S.; Mangiarotti, S.; Mazzega, P. 2011. Groundwater management practices and emerging challenges: lessons from a case study in the Karnataka state of South India. In Findikakis, A. N.; Sato, K. Groundwater management practices. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press - Balkema. pp.57-81. (IAHR Monograph)
Groundwater management ; Aquifers ; Water policy ; Environmental effects ; Social aspects ; River basins ; Irrigated farming ; Water levels ; Watersheds ; Rain ; Land use ; Case studies / South India / Karnataka State / Kabini River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 FIN Record No: H045648)
4 Kakumanu, Krishna Reddy; Kuppannan, Palanisami; Reddy, K. G.; Ashok, B.; Nagothu, U. S.; Xenarios, S.; Tirupataiah, K. 2013. An insight on farmers' willingness to pay for insurance premium in South India: hindrances and challenges. In Gommes, R.; Kayitakire, F. (Eds.). The challenges of index-based insurance for food security in developing countries: proceedings of a technical workshop organised by the EC [European Union] Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), 2-3 May 2012. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. pp.137-145.
Agricultural production ; Insurance ; Farmers ; Weather ; Crops ; River basins / South India / Andhra Pradesh / Krishna River Basin / Nagarjuna Sagar Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046139)
(5.00 MB)
5 Massuel, S.; George, B. A.; Venot, J.-P.; Bharati, Luna; Acharya, S. 2013. Improving assessment of groundwater-resource sustainability with deterministic modelling: a case study of the semi-arid Musi sub-basin, South India. Hydrogeology Journal, 21:1567-1580.
Groundwater management ; Water resources ; Water supply ; Sustainability ; Arid lands ; River basins ; Aquifers ; Models ; Case studies / South India / Musi River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046196)
(1.08 MB)
Since the 1990s, Indian farmers, supported by the government, have partially shifted from surface-water to groundwater irrigation in response to the uncertainty in surface-water availability. Water-management authorities only slowly began to consider sustainable use of groundwater resources as a prime concern. Now, a reliable integration of groundwater resources for water-allocation planning is needed to prevent aquifer overexploitation. Within the 11,000-km2 Musi River sub-basin (South India), human interventions have dramatically impacted the hard-rock aquifers, with a water-table drop of 0.18m/a over the period 1989–2004. A fully distributed numerical groundwater model was successfully implemented at catchment scale. The model allowed two distinct conceptualizations of groundwater availability to be quantified: one that was linked to easily quantified fluxes, and one that was more expressive of long-term sustainability by taking account of all sources and sinks. Simulations showed that the latter implied 13% less available groundwater for exploitation than did the former. In turn, this has major implications for the existing waterallocation modelling framework used to guide decision makers and water-resources managers worldwide.
6 Narayanamoorthy, A. 2015. Groundwater depletion and water extraction cost: some evidence from South India. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 31(4):604-617. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2014.935302]
Groundwater depletion ; Groundwater extraction ; Water costs ; Groundwater irrigation ; Wells ; Maintenance ; Water levels ; Centrifugal pumps ; Agricultural economics ; Farmers ; Households / South India / Pudukkottai / Vallathirakottai / Perunkondan Viduthi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047562)
(0.37 MB)
From less than 6 million ha in 1950– 51, groundwater-irrigated area increased to about 45 million ha in 2010– 11, which is over 62% of India’s net irrigated area. But the rapid development of groundwater has brought many negative outcomes for farmers. An attempt is made in this study to find out the losers and gainers of groundwater irrigation using survey data on 234 dug-well- and bore-well-owning farmers selected from two regions having different agro-economic settings in the Pudukkottai District of Tamil Nadu, a state in South India. The study shows that the dug-well- and bore-well-owning farmers had to incur a huge additional cost on account of modifications of wells in order to keep up with the falling water level. The modification cost alone accounted for about 33 –48% of the real capital of bore-wells. The pumping cost of water is found to be higher for bore-wells fitted with submersible pump-sets as compared to deep bore-wells fitted with submersible pump-sets.
7 Chandran, K. M.; Ambili, G. K. 2016. Evaluation of minor irrigation schemes using performance indicators: case studies from South India. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2(4):431-437. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-016-0074-3]
Irrigation schemes ; Small scale systems ; Performance evaluation ; Performance indexes ; Water availability ; Water productivity ; Water supply ; Water requirements ; Crops ; Farmer participation ; Case studies / South India / Kerala / Kozhikode / Kanniparamba Minor Irrigation Scheme / Vellannur Minor Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047962)
(0.41 MB)
Food security challenge in India can be addressed to a considerable extent by improving the performance of irrigation systems. Two minor irrigation schemes in the Kozhikode district of Kerala in South India, namely, Kanniparamba and Vellannur, were assessed for their performance in terms of technical and social components. Water availability constraint in crop growth does not exist, as denoted by the high Relative Water Supply values. Irrigation delivery service in Vellannur is better, compared to Kanniparamba, when their relative irrigation supply values are taken into account. The canal system in Vellannur scheme also shows better maintenance, and hence, conveys water more effectively to the farms. Opportunity for saving water exists in the schemes through careful operation of the system and planning the water delivery by considering effective rainfall and crop water requirements. The relevance of initiating farmer participatory activities for management/distribution of the required quantity of water for crops to enable farmers to change from the practice of excess water use and for better water management is evident. This can be achieved by introducing suitable measures to institutionalize farmers’ participation under the minor irrigation schemes, which do not presently exist under the minor irrigation sector in Kerala State of India.
8 Sreelash, K.; Buis, S.; Sekhar, M.; Ruiz, L.; Tomer, S. K.; Guerif, M. 2017. Estimation of available water capacity components of two-layered soils using crop model inversion: effect of crop type and water regime. Journal of Hydrology, 546:166-178. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.049]
Water holding capacity ; Water availability ; Estimation ; Soil water content ; Soil hydraulic properties ; Layered soils ; Soil moisture ; Field capacity ; Wilting point ; Water stress ; Crop management ; Models ; Sensitivity analysis ; Leaf Area Index ; Maize ; Sorghum ; Sunflowers ; Turmeric ; Remote sensing ; Catchment areas / South India / Berambadi Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048041)
(1.43 MB)
Characterization of the soil water reservoir is critical for understanding the interactions between crops and their environment and the impacts of land use and environmental changes on the hydrology of agricultural catchments especially in tropical context. Recent studies have shown that inversion of crop models is a powerful tool for retrieving information on root zone properties. Increasing availability of remotely sensed soil and vegetation observations makes it well suited for large scale applications. The potential of this methodology has however never been properly evaluated on extensive experimental datasets and previous studies suggested that the quality of estimation of soil hydraulic properties may vary depending on agro-environmental situations. The objective of this study was to evaluate this approach on an extensive field experiment. The dataset covered four crops (sunflower, sorghum, turmeric, maize) grown on different soils and several years in South India. The components of AWC (available water capacity) namely soil water content at field capacity and wilting point, and soil depth of two-layered soils were estimated by inversion of the crop model STICS with the GLUE (generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation) approach using observations of surface soil moisture (SSM; typically from 0 to 10 cm deep) and leaf area index (LAI), which are attainable from radar remote sensing in tropical regions with frequent cloudy conditions. The results showed that the quality of parameter estimation largely depends on the hydric regime and its interaction with crop type. A mean relative absolute error of 5% for field capacity of surface layer, 10% for field capacity of root zone, 15% for wilting point of surface layer and root zone, and 20% for soil depth can be obtained in favorable conditions. A few observations of SSM (during wet and dry soil moisture periods) and LAI (within water stress periods) were sufficient to significantly improve the estimation of AWC components. These results show the potential of crop model inversion for estimating the AWC components of two-layered soils and may guide the sampling of representative years and fields to use this technique for mapping soil properties that are relevant for distributed hydrological modelling.
9 Lele, S.; Madhyastha, K.; Sulagna, S.; Dhavamani, R.; Srinivasan, V. 2018. Match, don’t mix: implications of institutional and technical service modalities for water governance outcomes in South Indian small towns. Water Policy, 20(S1):12-35. (Special issue: Water Services in Small Towns - Experiences from the Global South). [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.002]
Water resources ; Water governance ; Urban areas ; Towns ; Water supply ; Water delivery ; Groundwater ; Corporate culture ; Technology ; Financing ; Biophysics ; Sustainability ; Equity / South India / Karnataka / Tamil Nadu / Nelamangala / Ramanagara / Kannampalayam / Palladam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048727)
(0.41 MB)
This paper seeks to contribute to the limited literature on water governance in small towns in India. For assessing water governance, we propose a broad framework encompassing adequacy and affordability, equity, sustainability and responsiveness. Analytically, the concept of ‘service modality’ is expanded to include not only institutional arrangements but also water resource deployment, and placed within a framework that includes multiple contextual variables as well. We use this framework to carry out an inductive analysis by comparing water service delivery and governance in four small towns across two states (Karnataka and Tamil Nadu) in southern India. Apart from differences in size, the towns differ in the institutional arrangements – from fully municipal management to a combination to complete para-statal management – and in the deployment of water resources – only ground water to a mixed supply of ground and surface water (dual sourcing). Data were gathered using a combination of household surveys, metering, records, and interviews. Dual sourcing resulted in adequate supply and optimization vis-à-vis end uses. Inter-household inequity is driven by socio-economic differences amongst households, but can be mitigated to an extent by increasing public tap density. But water resource use is not physically or financially sustainable. The responsiveness to citizen needs was significantly higher when the distribution was done by the local governments. Separation of roles, with para-statals providing bulk supply of surface water, and local governments managing the distribution of this and groundwater, may be an optimal service modality.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
