Your search found 10 records
1 Hathurusinghe, C. P.; Rambukwella, R.; Vidanapathirana, R.; Somarathne, T. G. 2012. Production and marketing of other field crops: a review. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute (HARTI). 169p. (HARTI Research Report 144)
Field crops ; Crop production ; Cropping patterns ; Market prices ; Producer prices ; Food security ; Onions ; Chillies ; Potatoes ; Maize ; Farmers ; Households ; Income / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 381 G744 HAT Record No: H046415)
(0.32 MB)
2 Bellwood-Howard, I.; Haring, V.; Karg, Hanna; Roessler, R.; Schlesinger, J.; Shakya, M. 2015. Characteristics of urban and peri-urban agriculture in West Africa: results of an exploratory survey conducted in Tamale (Ghana) and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 38p. (IWMI Working Paper 163) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2015.214]
Urban agriculture ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Farming systems ; Farmers ; Seasonal cropping ; Cultivation ; Soil sampling ; Soil fertility ; Households ; Livestock ; Landownership ; Water availability ; Wastewater ; Irrigation ; Market prices ; Leaf vegetables ; Inorganic fertilizers ; Organic fertilizers ; Villages ; Surveys / West Africa / Ghana / Burkina Faso / Tamale / Ouagadougou
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047216)
(2 MB)
The report summarizes key results from surveys carried out on urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) in Tamale (Ghana) and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) in 2013. The aim was to provide a broad overview of the state of UPA in the study cities and a basis for future research endeavors. The randomized sampling approach used aerial photography to identify 10 sites in different categories of farm in each city. Farmers provided information on their cropping and livestock-rearing activities. There were similarities between the cities, but the differences in the expression of UPA in Tamale and Ouagadougou were more intriguing, as in farm sizes, crops grown and livestock ownership. Farmers were particularly concerned about diminishing access to land in Tamale, where sales by chiefs to private investors were accelerating. In Ouagadougou, formal reallocation of land to homeowners by the state had similarly decreased available farmland. Water availability was a universal concern, and the quality of water used for irrigation was potentially more questionable in Ouagadougou than in Tamale. The results point to the need for further work on uncontaminated, perennial water sources and soil fertility management, alongside focuses on commercialization of animal production, and the legal, political and institutional context of UPA in different West African cities.
3 Fernando, Sudarshana; Semasinghe, Christina; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Wijayamunie, R.; Wickramasinghe, N.; Dissanayake, S. 2016. City region food system situational analysis, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Rome, Italy: FAO; Accra, Ghana: Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF). 251p.
Food consumption ; Food supply ; Food safety ; Food policies ; Food production ; Food chains ; Food security ; Stakeholders ; Corporate culture ; Institutions ; Government departments ; Municipal authorities ; Private sector ; International organizations ; Legal aspects ; Legislation ; Regulations ; Policy making ; Decision making ; Human nutrition ; Malnutrition ; Sociocultural environment ; Poverty ; Natural resources management ; Climate change ; Land use ; Economic aspects ; Small scale systems ; Vegetables ; Fruits ; Livestock ; Milk production ; Crops ; Market prices ; Waste disposal ; Waste management ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Sanitation / Sri Lanka / Colombo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047774)
(7.37 MB)
4 Joshi, J.; Ali, M.; Berrens, R. P. 2017. Valuing farm access to irrigation in Nepal: a hedonic pricing model. Agricultural Water Management, 181:35-46. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.11.020]
Irrigation water ; Irrigation systems ; Communal irrigation systems ; Economic value ; Market prices ; Econometric models ; Valuation ; Farmland ; Canals ; Rural communities ; Social institutions ; Governance ; Households ; Income ; Farmers ; Forestry ; Mountains / Nepal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047994)
(0.84 MB)
The objective of this research is to quantify the economic value of access to irrigation for agricultural lands in rural Nepal, while controlling for the effects of social institutions that can either enhance or detract from agricultural production and land values. The analysis employs the hedonic pricing method (HPM) and uses self-assessed land value data from the Nepal Living Standards Survey, 2011. For the econometric modeling, a Box-Cox transformation supports the selection of the double log HPM model. Results show that the value of land with access to irrigation water is approximately 46 percent higher than the value of non-irrigated lands with a marginal implicit price of approximately NRs. 150,840 in 2011, (representing about seven times the median rural annual per capita income). Results also show the importance of built irrigation infrastructure, such as canals and tube wells, as well as access to multiple sources of irrigation water. We find that land-owner membership in community-managed irrigation systems and forestry user groups has positive impacts on land values. In consideration of extensive 2015 earthquake damages across large areas of Nepal, the findings support the critical importance of repairing irrigation access, especially to built irrigation infrastructures, and supporting community-managed irrigation and forestry user groups, which often lack the initial capital to initiate projects, for restoring rural well-being.
5 Otoo, Miriam; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Danso, G.; Amewu, Sena; Amirova, Iroda. 2018. Market adoption and diffusion of fecal sludge-based fertilizer in developing countries: crosscountry analyses. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 68p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 12) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.228]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Faecal sludge ; Organic fertilizers ; Developing countries ; Market economies ; Market prices ; Assessment ; Excreta ; Fertilizer application ; Waste management ; Soil fertility ; Nutrients ; Liquid fertilizers ; Solid wastes ; Agricultural wastes ; Pelleting ; Economic development ; Economic analysis ; Cost recovery ; Sanitation ; Businesses ; Agricultural production ; Composting ; Farmers’ attitudes ; Incentives ; Partnerships / Ghana / Uganda / India / Sri Lanka / Vietnam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049028)
(2 MB)
The safe recovery of nutrients from our waste streams allows us to address the challenges of waste management and soil nutrient depletion conjointly. Commercialization of waste-based organic fertilizers such as FortiferTM (fecal sludge-based co-compost) has the potential to generate significant benefits for developing economies via cost recovery for the sanitation sector and the provision of an alternative agricultural input for smallholder farmers. To guide future FortiferTM businesses, this report presents examples of detailed market assessments, based on farmers’ perceptions, attitudes and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a pelletized and non-pelletized FortiferTM co-compost. The research was conducted in the Greater Accra and Western regions in Ghana, and in and around Kampala (Uganda), Bangalore (India), Hanoi (Vietnam), and Kurunegala (Sri Lanka). Cross-country analyses helped to understand the effects of market drivers and, where possible, capture lessons learned for knowledge sharing.
6 Aheeyar, Mohamed; Manthrithilake, Herath; Ranasinghe, Chathuranga; Rengaraj, Manooj; Gamagedara, Yasas; Barron, Jennie. 2019. Mechanizing water lifting through pumps: a case study in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 61p. (IWMI Working Paper 188) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.206]
Water lifting ; Water supply ; Water management ; Water quality ; Water scarcity ; Pumps ; Agricultural credit ; Small scale farming ; Market prices ; Hydrological factors ; Farmers ; Investment ; Taxes ; Tariffs ; Wells ; Irrigation programs ; Microirrigation ; State intervention ; Groundwater extraction ; Groundwater irrigation ; Cultivated land ; Seasonal cropping ; Intensification ; Women’s participation ; Case studies / Sri Lanka / Mahaweli H System / Thirappane / Medawachchiya / Karadiyan Aru
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049141)
(2.20 MB)
A reliable supply of water is critical for agricultural intensification and yield improvement. Technological devices that lift, transport and apply water contribute to increased yield from improved crop varieties and high input cultivation. The increasing use of motor pumps is a significant contribution to the development of small-scale irrigation. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the trajectories of technological innovations and uptake for agricultural water management in farming systems in Sri Lanka, with a special focus on identifying impacts, emerging issues and potential responses to the rapid proliferation of motor pumps in the intensification of agriculture in the country. The Government of Sri Lanka promoted the rapid adoption of water pumps through interventions such as the development of groundwater wells for agriculture; provision of subsidies and credit facilities for purchasing micro-irrigation equipment; and government policies on tax, tariffs and extension support. At the same time, the high profit margin realized from cash crop cultivation motivated farmers to invest in water lifting and related technologies. Finally, water scarcity and restrictions on the use of surface water, i.e., canals, prompted a shift to using water-lifting technologies to pump groundwater. The use of water pumps in agriculture has expanded the area under cultivation; increased cropping intensity, especially during the dry seasons; changed the cropping pattern from low-return rice cultivation to high-return cash crop cultivation; and enhanced household incomes. Expanded and intensified cultivation has provided more opportunities for women to participate in agriculture, generating additional income, and enhancing their purchasing power and decision-making at the household level. Some farmers do not have groundwater wells and water pumps because they lack the necessary capital to make the initial investment. Smallholder farmers, in particular, are reluctant to risk their limited income on new technologies. This may lead to the further marginalization of poor farmers. Inclusive intensification will require helping farmers to access irrigation technology, for example, through carefully targeted subsidies and access to credit. Using water pumps can provide benefits to both users and non-users, but uncontrolled groundwater extraction may also create new problems by putting enormous pressure on common property resources. The government will need to take on a dual role to both promote the inclusive growth of small-scale irrigation, and to prevent and mitigate its negative environmental impacts. This second role may include establishing a regulatory system, setting standards for well construction, and monitoring and enforcing standards on extraction and water quality. There is an urgent need for institutional measures and governance arrangements to guide and regulate groundwater irrigation, especially in the context of intensive cultivation using shallow aquifers.
7 Lele, U. 2018. Doubling farmers’ income under climate change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 12p. (IWMI-Tata Water Policy Program Discussion Paper 2) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.002]
Farm income ; Climate change ; Policies ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Agricultural productivity ; Livestock ; Farmers ; Labour productivity ; Market prices ; Investment ; Households ; Rural areas / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049193)
(1.96 MB)
8 Hellegers, P.; Davidson, B.; Russ, J.; Waalewijn, P. 2022. Irrigation subsidies and their externalities. Agricultural Water Management, 260:107284. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107284]
Irrigation water ; Subsidies ; Externalities ; Water market ; Market prices ; Reforms ; Political aspects ; Government
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050829)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377421005618/pdfft?md5=6f9a1f67746be1b8524be54dfd4d2dbc&pid=1-s2.0-S0378377421005618-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050829.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050829.pdf
(0.56 MB) (576 KB)
Subsidising irrigation is a legitimate approach that governments have used to achieve a set of social objectives. Yet it may simultaneously impose negative externalities, especially in the form of environment degradation. Could subsidies be reformed to be less harmful? To answer this question requires an insight into how various kinds of subsidies work, the interplay between subsidies and externalities, and the political complexity of subsidy reform. In this paper these insights are investigated using supply-demand graphs. It is argued in this paper that a broad definition of subsidies should be used, one that includes the implicit subsidies that result from partial cost recovery. It is also shown that even without subsidies, externalities due to irrigation would still exist and that any reform of existing subsidies will counter the positive impact irrigation may have, which may not be a desirable outcome.
9 Zolfagharipoor, M. A.; Ahmadi, A.; Nikouei, A. 2022. Market-based groundwater resources allocation mechanism: an inter-sectoral water exchanges programming analysis. Water Resources and Economics, 37:100193. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wre.2022.100193]
Water resources ; Water market ; Groundwater ; Market prices ; Economic value ; Economic analysis ; Aquifers ; Water demand ; Water scarcity ; Irrigation water ; Water sharing ; Policies ; Case studies ; Models / Iran Islamic Republic / Gavkhuni Basin / Isfahan-Borkhar Plain
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050989)
(1.91 MB)
This study aims to analyze the effects of local water market formation in a limited region of the Gavkhuni Basin, located in the center of Iran. An economic optimization mathematical model, called ‘inter-sectoral water exchanges programming’ (IWEP), is developed to address the study objectives. The proposed model seeks to maximize the net benefit of participating agents in the water market mechanism. This model can determine the scope of production activities and the monthly volume of water exchange through different technical methods of water transfer. Results demonstrate that the agriculture sector contributes to an increase in the productions of the agriculture industries and building industries through selling its surplus water. Although farm agents sell only 1% of their groundwater permits to industrial agents, the total net benefit of the agents is increased by more than 30%, compared to when the water market is not implemented. The shared aquifer method, based on common pool groundwater resources, is identified as a suitable technical method for water transfer in the groundwater markets. Finally, the socio-hydrological analysis of groundwater exchanges reveals that the inter-sectoral water market at the local scale can increase the region's employment rate by 45% and mitigate more pressure on the aquifer to meet water demands in the industry sector. These results clarify the efficient role of market-based groundwater allocation approach under water scarcity conditions.
10 Nepal, Santosh; Neupane, Nilhari; Koirala, Sanju; Lautze, Jonathan; Shrestha, Ram Narayan; Bhatt, D.; Shrestha, Nirman; Adhikari, Manju; Kaini, S.; Karki, S.; Yangkhurung, J. R.; Gnawali, K.; Pradhan, A. M. S.; Timsina, K.; Pradhananga, Saurav; Khadka, Manohara. 2024. Integrated assessment of irrigation and agriculture management challenges in Nepal: an interdisciplinary perspective. Heliyon, 10(9):E29407. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29407]
Irrigation systems ; Agricultural water management ; Water availability ; Agricultural productivity ; Gender equality ; Social inclusion ; Governance ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Market prices / Nepal / Mahakali Irrigation Project / Rani Jamara Kulariya Irrigation Project / Babai Irrigation Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052702)
https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2405-8440%2824%2905438-0
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052702.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052702.pdf
(4.32 MB) (4.32 MB)
Agriculture plays a critical role in ensuring food and nutrition security, livelihood, and rural employment in Nepal. Despite substantial investments and institutional reforms, irrigation projects have faced consistently low performance. While existing studies have shed light on technical aspects of irrigation performance, they often focus on specific themes rather than holistic evaluations of sustainability. This research systematically assesses barriers and challenges to effective irrigation water management in Nepal by assessing and ranking the challenges faced by three irrigation systems located in western Nepal: Mahakali, Rani Jamara Kulariya, and Babai. To investigate these challenges, we collected data from 449 households, which provided insights into 33 indicators representing key barriers to effective irrigation and agricultural management. The identified challenges were categorized into four broad thematic areas: physical and structural, agricultural and water, socioeconomic and market, and gender and governance. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted to compare these challenges among the three irrigation schemes, different thematic areas, and various locations within each scheme (namely, the head, mid, and tail sections of the system). The findings revealed that timely access and availability of fertilizers, spring water availability and fair market prices of agricultural products are the most significant challenges. The Babai irrigation system faced the most substantial challenges among the three systems, particularly in the middle section. These findings emphasize the interconnectedness of these challenges, highlighting the need for a holistic approach to planning, implementation, and management. Integrated strategies are essential to address socioeconomic, market, and endogenous farming issues, ensuring reliable irrigation water availability for sustainable agricultural production.
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