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1 Hussain, A.; Rasul, G.; Mahapatra, B.; Tuladhar, S.. 2016. Household food security in the face of climate change in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan region. Food Security, 8(5):921-937. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-016-0607-5]

Climate change adaptation ; Household food security ; Food consumption ; Farming systems ; Agricultural production ; Cash crops ; Livestock ; Income ; Environmental effects ; Flooding ; Landslides ; Temperature ; Drought ; Rain ; Socioeconomic environment ; Living standards ; Migration ; Mountains ; River basins / India / Nepal / Pakistan / China / Hindu-Kush Himalayan Region / Upper Indus Basin / Koshi Basin / Eastern Brahmaputra Basin / Salween Basin / Mekong Basin

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047993)

http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs12571-016-0607-5.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047993.pdf

(1.09 MB) (1.09 MB)

This study attempts to understand local people’s perceptions of climate change, its impacts on agriculture and household food security, and local adaptation strategies in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan (HKH) region, using data from 8083 households (HHs) from four river sub-basins (SBs), i.e. Upper Indus (Pakistan), Eastern Brahmaputra (India), Koshi (Nepal) and Salween and Mekong (China). The majority of households in SBs, in recent years, have perceived that there have been more frequent incidences of floods, landslides, droughts, livestock diseases and crop pests, and have attributed these to climate change. These changes have led to low agricultural production and income, particularly in Eastern Brahmaputra (EB) where a substantial proportion of HHs reported a decline in the production of almost all staple and cash crops, resulting in very low farm income. Consequently, households’ dependency on external food items supplied from plain areas has increased, particularly in the Upper Indus (UI) and EB. After hazards, households face transitory food insecurity owing to damage to their local food systems and livelihood sources, and constrained food supply from other areas. To cope with these, HHs in SBs make changes in their farming practices and livestock management. In EB, 11 % of HHs took on new off-farm activities within the SB and in SM, 23 % of HHs chose out-migration as an adaptation strategy. Lastly, the study proposes policy instruments for attaining sustainable food security, based on agro-ecological potential and opportunities for increasing agricultural resilience and diversity of livelihoods.

2 Maharjan, A.; Tuladhar, S.; Hussain, A.; Mishra, A.; Bhadwal, S.; Ishaq, S.; Saeed, B, A.; Sachdeva, I; Ahmad, B.; Ferdous, J.; Hassan, S. M. T. 2021. Can labour migration help households adapt to climate change? evidence from four river basins in South Asia. Climate and Development, 17p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2020.1867044]

Migrant labour ; Climate change adaptation ; Households ; River basins ; Vulnerability ; Agricultural sector ; Livestock ; Water supply ; Livelihood diversification ; Remittances ; Stakeholders / South Asia / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Pakistan / Hindu Kush Himalayan Region / Gandaki River Basin / Indus River Basin / Upper Ganga River Basin / Teesta River Basin

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050232)

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17565529.2020.1867044?needAccess=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050232.pdf

(1.86 MB) (1.86 MB)

The study focuses on four river basins, Gandaki, Indus, Upper Ganga and Teesta, in the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region in South Asia. The region is considered one of the more environmentally vulnerable areas in the world due to recurrent natural hazards that can be exacerbated by future climate change. The dependence of the population on natural resources based livelihoods makes the region particularly vulnerable to adverse climate change impacts. Labour migration can help household adaptation, particularly when it incurs significant cash investment. The paper analyses the determinants of household adaptation, including migration, in three sectors, namely, agriculture, livestock, and water. It shows that household adaptation to the negative effects of climate change was very poor in the region, with less than a third of the households undertaking adaptation measures. While labour migration showed a positive influence on household adaptation, it was statistically significant only in agriculture. Nevertheless, migration influenced household adaptation indirectly through livelihood diversification, access to services provide of external stakeholders, and changes in household composition. The study identified location, access to climate information, and services provided by external stakeholders as important factors in household adaptation to climate change.