Your search found 13 records
1 Galbiatti, J. A.; Cavalcante, I. H. L.; Ribeiro, A. G.; Pissarra, T. C. T. 2007. Nitrate and sodium contents on lettuce and drained water as function of fertilizing and irrigation water quality in Brazil. International Journal of Plant Production, 1(2):205-214.
Irrigation water ; Water quality ; Water reuse ; Vegetables ; Lettuce ; Nitrates ; Sodium ; Fertilizers / Brazil
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 7946 Record No: H040363)
2 Rajakaruna, R. M. P.; Nandasena, K. A.; Jayakody, A. N. 2005. Quality of shallow groundwater in an intensively cultivated hilly catena in up country intermediate zone of Sri Lanka. In Galagedara, L. W. (Ed.). Water resources research in Sri Lanka: Symposium Proceedings of the Water Professional’s Day 2005. Peradeniya, Sri Lanka: PGIA. pp.163-178.
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Calcium ; Magnesium ; Nitrogen ; Sodium ; Potassium ; Phosphorus ; Monitoring ; Analysis ; Irrigation water ; Drinking water ; Domestic water ; Wells ; Water pollution ; Fertilizers ; Vegetables ; Cultivation / Sri Lanka / Badulla / Hulankapolla Village
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G744 GAL Record No: H040714)
3 Singh, V.; Singh, U. C. 2008. Assessment of groundwater quality of parts of Gwalior (India) for agricultural purposes. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 1(4). 5p. (Online first)
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Irrigation water ; Assessment ; Salinity ; Sodium ; Electrical conductivity / India / Gwalior
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041839)
The groundwater of Gwalior region was assessed for its irrigational suitability. Fourteen water samples collected from dug-cum bored wells tapping shallow to deep aquifers from the clay with Kankar, silt, sandstone were used. The Groundwater samples were analyzed for major cations: Na+, Ca++, Mg++, K+,and anions: Cl-,HCO3-, CO3- -, SO4- and NO3-. The important constituents that influence the water quality for irrigation are total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (RSC), sodium percentages (Na%) and permeability index (PI). These parameters were compared with standard limits and were found to be within the safe limit suitable for irrigation purpose. In addition the total dissolved solids in ground water ranged between 256-1324 mg/l during the investigation period, revealed that irrigation using groundwater of the study area would not cause salinity hazards.
4 Arasalingam, Sutharsiny; Pathmarajah, S.; Mikunthan, T.; Vithanage, M.; Manthrithilake, Herath. 2013. Impact of agricultural activities on groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking in Valikamam area, Jaffna Peninsula. In Sri Lanka Water Partnership (Lanka Jalani); International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Unilever-Pureit. Proceedings of the First Young Water Professionals Symposium, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 22-23 November 2012. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Water Partnership (Lanka Jalani); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: Unilever-Pureit. pp.74-81.
Groundwater resources ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Agricultural production ; Wells ; Aquifers ; Fluorides ; Nitrates ; Chlorides ; Calcium ; Magnesium ; Carbonates ; Bicarbonates ; Sodium ; Potassium / Sri Lanka / Jaffna Peninsula / Valikamam / Chunnakam aquifer
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G744 SRI Record No: H046158)
http://lankajalani.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Proceedings-YWPS.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046158.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046158.pdf
(0.64 MB) (5.26 MB)
5 Smith, C. J.; Oster, J. D.; Sposito, G. 2015. Potassium and magnesium in irrigation water quality assessment. Agricultural Water Management, 157:59-64. (The Jim Oster Special Issue) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.09.003]
Irrigation water ; Wastewater irrigation ; Water quality ; Assessment ; Potassium ; Magnesium ; Sodium ; Soil hydraulic properties ; Hydraulic conductivity / USA / Australia / California
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047500)
(0.51 MB)
There is a growing trend of K replacing Na in wastewaters from agricultural industries to reduce the adverse effects of irrigation with these waters on soil hydraulic properties. However, problems with soil physical properties caused by wastewaters with high concentrations of K have been reported in both Australia and California. A review of the literature dating back to the 1930s supports the general conclusion that the relative order of deleterious effect on soil hydraulic properties of the four common cations in soils is Na >K> Mg > Ca. This paper explores the capabilities of the Cation Ratio of Structural Stability (CROSS), a generalized Sodium Adsorption Ratio incorporating all four cations, as an improved irrigation water quality parameter. This new parameter includes a coefficient for K that accounts for its relative deleterious effect as compared with Na and another coefficient for Mg that accounts for its relative beneficial effect as compared with Ca. Based on optimizing CROSS using threshold electrolyte concentration data for a Sodosol from the Riverina Region of Australia, the deleterious effect of K is estimated to be about one-third of that of Na, while the concentration of Mg needs to be about an order of magnitude larger than Ca to have the same beneficial effect.
6 Gautam, S. K.; Maharana, C.; Sharma, D.; Singh, A. K.; Tripathi, J. K.; Singh, S. K. 2015. Evaluation of groundwater quality in the Chotanagpur plateau region of the Subarnarekha River Basin, Jharkhand State, India. Sustainability of Water Quality and Ecology, 6:57-74. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.swaqe.2015.06.001]
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Assessment ; Irrigation water ; Drinking water ; Water pollution ; Heavy metals ; Contamination ; Alkaline earth metals ; Sodium ; Magnesium ; Ions ; Salinity ; Chemicophysical properties ; Permeability ; Spatial variation ; Monsoon climate ; Hydrogeology ; Geochemistry ; River basins / India / Jharkhand / Chotanagpur Plateau / Subarnarekha River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047960)
(3.16 MB)
Suitability study of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes was carried out in the middle Subarnarekha river basin, Jharkhand. Collected samples were analysed for physicochemical parameters such as conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, and heavy metals. After the physicochemical analysis groundwater samples were categorised for simplicity, accordingly, it shows that 52.6% samples fall in Ca-Cl2, 33.3% in Ca-HCO3, 10.5% in Ca-SO4, and 1.7% samples in Mg-HCO3 and rest were Na-Cl type. Interpretation of hydro-geochemical data suggests that leaching of ions followed by weathering and anthropogenic impact (mainly mining and agricultural activities) control the chemistry of groundwater in the study area. The TDS concentration at Govindpur site varies from 2677 mg L1 in the pre-monsoon to 2545 mg L1 in the post-monsoon season that is higher than the BIS (2004-05) maximum permissible limit (2000 mg L1 ). The elevated concentration of NO3 was identified at Govindpur, Hatia Bridge, Kandra, Musabani, Saraikela, Mango and Tatanagar. The higher NO3 concentration was due to the action of leaching and anthropogenic activities. At most of sampling locations, the concentration of Cd, Pb, and Ni were found higher than the prescribed limits defined by BIS and WHO. Groundwater suitability for drinking purpose was also evaluated by the synthetic pollution index (SPI), it suggests that 74%, 95%, and 21% samples fall in seriously polluted category during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon season, respectively. The calculated values of SAR, Na%, RSC, PI, and MH have shown that except at few locations, most of groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation purposes.
7 Seth, R.; Mohan, M.; Singh, P.; Singh, R.; Dobhal, R.; Singh, K. P.; Gupta, S. 2016. Water quality evaluation of Himalayan Rivers of Kumaun Region, Uttarakhand, India. Applied Water Science, 6(2):137-147. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-014-0213-7]
Water quality ; Evaluation ; Rivers ; Drinking water ; Irrigation water ; Contamination ; Chemicophysical properties ; Sodium ; Adsorption ; Correlation analysis ; Seasonal variation ; Monsoon climate / India / Himalayan Region / Uttarakhand / Kumaun Region / Gola River / Ramganga River / Saryu River / Kosi River / Lohawati River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048097)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs13201-014-0213-7.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048097.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048097.pdf
(0.91 MB) (928 KB)
Water quality of Himalayan rivers has been steadily deteriorating over several decades due to anthropogenic activities, dumping of treated or untreated effluents, poor structured sewerage and drainage system, etc. In the present study, the water quality of five important rivers namely, Gola, Kosi, Ramganga, Saryu and Lohawati rivers were investigated which flow through the different districts of Kumaun region of Uttarakhand Himalaya. The water of all these rivers serves as the major source for drinking and irrigation purposes in these districts of the Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. River water samples collected in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of the years 2011 and 2012 were analyzed for various water quality characteristics. Statistical analyses indicate positive correlation among most of the chemical parameters. Piper diagram illustrates that all the water samples fall in Ca–Mg–HCO3 hydrochemical facies, Moreover, the suitability of water for drinking purposes determined by water quality index indicated that river water in both the seasons is unsuitable. Irrigation water quality of all the river water was found suitable during both the seasons according to the result of sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percentage and residual sodium carbonate. The present study revealed that major factors contributing to deterioration of water quality of all the rivers might be eutrophication, tourism, anthropogenic and geogenic processes. Therefore, to restore the vitality and water quality of all these rivers, proper water resource planning programme should be developed.
8 Srivastava, S. K. 2019. Assessment of groundwater quality for the suitability of irrigation and its impacts on crop yields in the Guna district, India. Agricultural Water Management, 216:224-241. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.02.005]
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Assessment ; Irrigation water ; Drinking water ; Crop yield ; Salinity ; Sodium ; Soils ; Leaching ; Hydrogeology ; Geochemistry ; Magnesium ; Models / India / Madhya Pradesh / Guna
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049201)
(9.08 MB)
This study was performed to understand the impact of groundwater quality on the crop yields and its suitability for the irrigation. The hydrogeochemical assessment indicates chemical weathering is prevalent in the aquifer system. Low sodium-hazard observed in almost all samples. High salinity-hazard observed in the shallow aquifer indicates leaching of contaminants from the surface. Salinity-hazard statistics indicates ~27.60% groundwater suitable for irrigation, ~47.65% groundwater considerable for irrigation of selected crops whose salinity tolerance limit is high, ~13.44% groundwater (fresh-brackish) cause problem in the soil and ~11.31% groundwater unsuitable for the irrigation.
Salinity tolerance limit indicates yield (%) of the few crops remain unaffected. These crops are Hordeum vulgare (Barley), Gossy pium (Cotton), Beta vulgaris (Sugar-beet), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda-grass), Thinopyrum ponticum (tall Wheat-grass), Thinopyrum intermedium (Wheat-grass) etc. The yield potential (%) partially affected in the few crops like Arachis hypogaea (Groundnut) (~95.30%), Oryza sativa (Rice) (~93.29%), Carthamus tintorius (Safflower) (~97.32%), Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum) (~95.97%), Glycine max (Soybean) (~97.32%), Triticum aestivum (Wheat) (~99.33%), Brassica oleracea var. italica (Broccoli) (~92.62%), Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) (~90.60%), Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato) (~90.60%), Phalaris aquatic (Harding-grass) (~97.96%), Lolium perenne (Perennial ray-grass) (~97.99%), Sorghum drummondii (Sudan-grass) (~92.62%), Festuca arundinacea (tall-Fescue) (~95.30%), Lotus corniculatus (Trefoil-small) (~97.32%), Phoenix dactylifera (Date-palm) (~95.97%), Ficus carica (Fig) (~95.97%), Olea europaea (Olive) (~95.97%), Punica granatum (Pomegranate) (~91.28%) etc. Few crops sensitive to salinity-hazard indicate low-yield potential listed as Phaseolus vulgaris (Bean) (~36.91%), Daucus carota (Carrot) (~36.91%), Fragaria ananassa (Strawberry) (~36.91%). This groundwater is suitable for the irrigation of crops like Barley, Cotton, Sugar-beet, Wheat, Wheat-grass, Bermuda-grass, etc. But this groundwater can be used for irrigation after salinity management for the crops like Groundnut, Rice, Soybean, Broccoli, Cucumber, Tomato, Harding-grass, tall Fescue, Trefoil-small, Date-palm, Fig, Olive, and Pomegranate. The similar range of the crop yields observed in both Soil Water Salinity (SWS) Model and Ayers and Westcot Model, if the salinity of the irrigation water is low (=1.5 mS/cm). While low reduction in crop yields observed according to SWS Model in comparisons to Ayers and Westcot Model if the salinity of the irrigation water is high (> 1.5 mS/cm). The major reduction in crop yields observed in Ayers and Westcot Model, while the moderate decline in crop yields observed in SWS Model at higher salinity. Crop yield in the study area can be improved by implementing proper irrigation water management.
Salinity tolerance limit indicates yield (%) of the few crops remain unaffected. These crops are Hordeum vulgare (Barley), Gossy pium (Cotton), Beta vulgaris (Sugar-beet), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda-grass), Thinopyrum ponticum (tall Wheat-grass), Thinopyrum intermedium (Wheat-grass) etc. The yield potential (%) partially affected in the few crops like Arachis hypogaea (Groundnut) (~95.30%), Oryza sativa (Rice) (~93.29%), Carthamus tintorius (Safflower) (~97.32%), Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum) (~95.97%), Glycine max (Soybean) (~97.32%), Triticum aestivum (Wheat) (~99.33%), Brassica oleracea var. italica (Broccoli) (~92.62%), Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) (~90.60%), Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato) (~90.60%), Phalaris aquatic (Harding-grass) (~97.96%), Lolium perenne (Perennial ray-grass) (~97.99%), Sorghum drummondii (Sudan-grass) (~92.62%), Festuca arundinacea (tall-Fescue) (~95.30%), Lotus corniculatus (Trefoil-small) (~97.32%), Phoenix dactylifera (Date-palm) (~95.97%), Ficus carica (Fig) (~95.97%), Olea europaea (Olive) (~95.97%), Punica granatum (Pomegranate) (~91.28%) etc. Few crops sensitive to salinity-hazard indicate low-yield potential listed as Phaseolus vulgaris (Bean) (~36.91%), Daucus carota (Carrot) (~36.91%), Fragaria ananassa (Strawberry) (~36.91%). This groundwater is suitable for the irrigation of crops like Barley, Cotton, Sugar-beet, Wheat, Wheat-grass, Bermuda-grass, etc. But this groundwater can be used for irrigation after salinity management for the crops like Groundnut, Rice, Soybean, Broccoli, Cucumber, Tomato, Harding-grass, tall Fescue, Trefoil-small, Date-palm, Fig, Olive, and Pomegranate. The similar range of the crop yields observed in both Soil Water Salinity (SWS) Model and Ayers and Westcot Model, if the salinity of the irrigation water is low (=1.5 mS/cm). While low reduction in crop yields observed according to SWS Model in comparisons to Ayers and Westcot Model if the salinity of the irrigation water is high (> 1.5 mS/cm). The major reduction in crop yields observed in Ayers and Westcot Model, while the moderate decline in crop yields observed in SWS Model at higher salinity. Crop yield in the study area can be improved by implementing proper irrigation water management.
9 Adimalla, N.; Dhakate, R.; Kasarla, A.; Taloor, A. K. 2020. Appraisal of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in Central Telangana, India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 10:100334. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100334]
Groundwater assessment ; Water quality ; Drinking water ; Irrigation water ; Geochemistry ; Salinity ; Sodium ; Fluorides ; Nitrates ; Geographical information systems ; Public health / India / Telangana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049771)
(2.58 MB)
Groundwater is only an important water resources for drinking and irrigation in the central Telangana, India. Rapid growth in the population and intensive irrigation practises has become stress on groundwater, the available groundwater are being depleted and its quality has also deteriorated. For this reason, a total of 105 groundwater samples collected from semi-arid region of central Telangana, were executed in order to evaluate its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Results highlighted that most of the groundwater is suitable for drinking purposes based on pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH) as CaCO3, calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), and sulphate (SO42-). About, 51% and 71% of groundwater samples were exceeded the maximum permissible limits of fluoride and nitrate, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that groundwater with high fluoride and nitrate concentration water should be avoided for drinking purposes. Spatial distribution maps are generated using GIS platform and the dissimilar distribution pattern was noticed for nitrate and fluoride in the study region. Gibbs plots authenticate that the groundwater chemistry is controlled by rock-water interaction and geochemical scatter plots suggested that the silicate mineral dissolution play dominant role in the chemistry of groundwater. According to the water quality index (WQI) values, 60% and 36% of groundwater samples fall under excellent and good category for drinking purposes. The groundwater is Na+ - SO42-, deep meteoric percolation type, but most of it belong to Ca2+–Mg2+–HCO3-, Na+–HCO3- facies and few are Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl- and Na+-Cl- facies. Majority of groundwater samples exhibit that the alkaline earths (Ca2+ + Mg2+) exceed alkali cation (Na+ + K+) and strong acids (SO42- + Cl-) dominate over weak acid (HCO3-). Irrigational suitability of groundwater in the study area was also estimated through sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (%Na), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium hazard ratio (MHR), and Kelly ratio (KR) results shown that the majority of the groundwater samples were suitable for irrigation uses.
10 Darwesh, N.; Naser, R. S. M.; Al-Qawati, M.; Raweh, S.; El Kharrim, K.; Belghyti, D. 2020. Groundwater quality in Sidi Slimane, Morocco. Journal of Health and Pollution, 10(25):200309. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-10.25.200309]
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Drinking water ; Water pollution ; Chemical composition ; Sodium ; Salinity ; Standards ; Public health ; Wells / Morocco / Sidi Slimane
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049788)
https://www.journalhealthpollution.org/doi/pdf/10.5696/2156-9614-10.25.200309
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049788.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049788.pdf
(1.88 MB) (1.88 MB)
Background. Groundwater is an important source of drinking water for human and animal populations and therefore should be protected from pollution. The study area, Sidi Slimane, is in the western region of Morocco, which is a highly important agricultural area.
Objectives. The aim of the present study was to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking in the Sidi Slimane region.
Methods. Twenty (20) samples were collected from different locations in the study area in 2015 in order to evaluate the quality of groundwater for human consumption. Collection, transportation and analysis of samples were performed according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater of the American Public Health Association (APHA), 2017. The major ions (cations and anions), ammonium (NH4+), pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the groundwater samples were analyzed. Total dissolved solids (TDS) and total hardness (TH) parameters were calculated on the basis of obtained chemical data. ArcGIS program (version 10.4.1) was used in the preparation of topographic and hydrological maps of the study area.
Results. Groundwater showed high concentrations of most parameters of drinking water quality according to Moroccan and international standards. Groundwater was brackish and very hard. The results showed that sodium and chloride ions were the predominant ions. Salinity was present at low depths. The majority of groundwater samples in the study area (18 out of 20) were sodium chloride type, and only 2 samples were mixed calcium-magnesiumchlorine type.
Discussion. The obtained results were compared with the Moroccan standards for drinking water. The results show that 100%, 75%, 70%, 70%, 65% and 55% of groundwater samples exceeded the permissible limits for drinking water quality according to the Moroccan standard with regard to sodium, calcium, TDS, EC, chlorine, and nitrate, respectively.
Conclusions. Most of the groundwater samples in the study area showed poor drinking water quality. Groundwater quality must be protected by controlling the use of pesticides, fertilizers, manure, and harmful irrigation practices.
Objectives. The aim of the present study was to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking in the Sidi Slimane region.
Methods. Twenty (20) samples were collected from different locations in the study area in 2015 in order to evaluate the quality of groundwater for human consumption. Collection, transportation and analysis of samples were performed according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater of the American Public Health Association (APHA), 2017. The major ions (cations and anions), ammonium (NH4+), pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the groundwater samples were analyzed. Total dissolved solids (TDS) and total hardness (TH) parameters were calculated on the basis of obtained chemical data. ArcGIS program (version 10.4.1) was used in the preparation of topographic and hydrological maps of the study area.
Results. Groundwater showed high concentrations of most parameters of drinking water quality according to Moroccan and international standards. Groundwater was brackish and very hard. The results showed that sodium and chloride ions were the predominant ions. Salinity was present at low depths. The majority of groundwater samples in the study area (18 out of 20) were sodium chloride type, and only 2 samples were mixed calcium-magnesiumchlorine type.
Discussion. The obtained results were compared with the Moroccan standards for drinking water. The results show that 100%, 75%, 70%, 70%, 65% and 55% of groundwater samples exceeded the permissible limits for drinking water quality according to the Moroccan standard with regard to sodium, calcium, TDS, EC, chlorine, and nitrate, respectively.
Conclusions. Most of the groundwater samples in the study area showed poor drinking water quality. Groundwater quality must be protected by controlling the use of pesticides, fertilizers, manure, and harmful irrigation practices.
11 Khmila, K.; Trabelsi, R.; Zouari, K.; Kumar, U. S. 2021. Application of geochemical and isotopic tracers for the evaluation of groundwater quality in the irrigated area of the Sbiba Plain (Central West Tunisia). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 313:107298. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2021.107298]
Groundwater assessment ; Water quality ; Geochemistry ; Aquifers ; Irrigated sites ; Irrigation water ; Drinking water ; Salinity ; Evaporation ; Rainwater ; Chemical composition ; Sodium ; Spatial distribution / Tunisia / Sbiba Plain / Mio-Plio-Quaternary Aquifer
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050307)
(15.40 MB)
Hydrochemical and isotopic tracers of groundwater of the Mio-Plio-Quaternary aquifer in the Sbiba plain, central west Tunisia, are used to assess the groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes as well as identifying sources of salinity variation. In this plain, the evaporation and water-rock interactions including dissolution of evaporite and carbonate minerals and cation exchange are the principal hydrochemical processes controlling the groundwater salinization and water types. Moreover, a secondary effect of salinity increase is due to the return flow of irrigation water and mixing between old and recent water within the aquifer. These phenomena are proved by the environmental isotope study. Several water quality parameters for drinking and irrigation purposes were applied. Water Quality Index (WQI) values indicate that 50 % of groundwater samples are suitable for drinking usage with “excellent” and “good” categories. According to Percent Sodium (%Na), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), all groundwater samples are suitable for agricultural irrigation activities. Based on the electrical conductivity (EC) and Wilcox classification, it appears that only 57 % of water samples are suitable for irrigation use; more than 50 % of these samples are “good” and “permissible”. In general, groundwater in the western and central parts of the Sbiba plain is suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes. However, an attention should be accorded to groundwater salinization processes.
12 Indika, S.; Hu, D.; Wei, Y.; Yapabandara, I.; Cooray, T.; Makehelwala, M.; Jinadasa, K. B. S. N.; Weragoda, S. K.; Weerasooriya, R.; Pang, Z. 2023. Spatiotemporal variation of groundwater quality in North Central Province, Sri Lanka. ACS EST Water, 12p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.2c00490]
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Shallow water ; Nanofiltration ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Kidney diseases ; Chronic course ; Dry season ; Wet season ; Salinity ; Surface water ; Drinking water ; Fluorides ; Sodium ; Reverse osmosis ; Wells ; Evaporation ; Weathering ; Aquifers ; Parameters ; Irrigation water ; Organic matter ; Water supply ; Water treatment / Sri Lanka / North Central Province / Anuradhapura / Polonnaruwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051914)
(7.18 MB)
This study focused on fulfilling the demand for a comprehensive investigation of groundwater quality in the North Central Province (NCP) of Sri Lanka to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all). The NCP was selected as the study area due to its highest prevalence of chronic kidney disease with unknown etiology within Sri Lanka. Here, 334 shallow and deep groundwater samples were collected at the end of wet and dry seasons, respectively. Results revealed that elevated and unexpected levels of salinity, hardness, fluoride, nitrate, sulfate, and dissolved organic carbon and the alkaline nature of groundwater were the main issues, and the Ca-HCO3 type was dominant in the groundwater. Water quality index analyses showed that 8.9% and 13.8% of wells had poor quality undrinkable groundwater in wet and dry seasons, respectively. Only 7% of samples were susceptible to sodium and salinity hazards for irrigational use. Reverse osmosis technology with a softening and activated carbon pretreatment process was identified as the most suitable way to treat groundwater with high salinity for many regions of the NCP. The groundwater quality atlas for the NCP created by this study was very useful for making a master plan of safe drinking water supplies and developing and implementing cost-effective water purification technologies in the NCP.
13 De Camillis, C.; Drechsel, Pay; Raizman, E. 2023. Livestock and water quality. In Drechsel, Pay; Marjani Zadeh, S.; Salcedo, F. P. (Eds.). Water quality in agriculture: risks and risk mitigation. Rome, Italy: FAO; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.93-107.
Livestock ; Water quality ; Parameters ; Good practices ; Guidelines ; Animal health ; Poultry ; Drinking water ; Microbial contamination ; Nutrients ; Nitrates ; Salinity ; Toxicity ; Sulphates ; Sodium ; Trace elements
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052244)
(2.78 MB)
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
