Your search found 9 records
1 Tafesse, A. 2005. Ethiopia experience in watershed management and lessons learned. Paper presented at the Regional Workshop on the Eastern Nile Integrated Watershed Management Project, Bahhir Dar, Ethiopia, 5-7 December 2005. 40p.
Watershed management ; Erosion ; Water harvesting ; Farming systems ; Institutions ; Organizations / Ethiopia / Nile River Basin / Tigray / Amhara / Oromia Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 8077 Record No: H044389)
(0.31 MB)
2 Erkossa, T.; Ayele, G. 2003. Indigenous knowledge and practices for soil and water management in East Wollega, Ethiopia. Paper presented at the Annual Tropical and Subtropical Agricultural and Natural Resource Management (Tropentag) Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development, Gottingen, Germany, 8-10 October 2003. 15p.
Indigenous knowledge ; Soil management ; Soil fertility ; Water management ; Farmers ; Erosion ; Land degradation ; Nutrients ; Tillage ; Crops ; Highlands ; Land use ; Indicators / Ethiopia / Oromia region / Jimma Horro / Diggaa Leeqaa / East Wollega
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044817)
http://www.tropentag.de/2003/abstracts/links/Erkossa_DiG4j4Tt.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044817.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044817.pdf
(0.09 MB) (88.23KB)
The study was conducted in western Ethiopia in order to identify local soil and water management related knowledge and practices of the farmers in order to utilize the output in further research and development interventions in the area. The awareness about the existence and extent of land degradation and nutrient depletion; and its contributory factors are pre-requisite for farmers to undertake any effort to arrest the problem. Farmers in the study area recognized soil erosion and nutrient depletion, and established cause and effect relationship between factors. The major causes of land degradation and nutrient depletion are soil erosion, intensive Tillage, exhaustion of nutrients by crops and deforestation. Apparently, crop type and crop management were emphasized particularly with respect to soil erosion. Small cereals like tef (Eragrostis tef), which require highly intensive tillage and smooth seedbed are considered detrimental while legumes and oil crops contribute positively to the land quality. On the side of the solution to these over-riding problems, they have various options ranging from simple mechanical or agronomic to integrated; and from a field level to a watershed scale. Some of the indigenous soil and water management practices identified in the area are consistent with similar practices found in different parts of the country (AZENE, 1997; MILLION, 1996; KEBEDE et al., 1996), while some are unique to the area. Joro for soil conservation and nutrient management, and Ciicata, Kolaasaa and their integration with crop rotation for soil fertility maintenance and weed control are among the unique practices in the area. The practices are widely used in the study areas, and are appreciated by all the farmers. Detail description and rationale of every practice is discussed in this paper.
3 Erkossa, Teklu; Hagos, Fitsum; Lefore, Nicole. 2014. Proceedings of the Workshop on Flood-based Farming for Food Security and Adaption to Climate Change in Ethiopia: Potential and Challenges, Adama, Ethiopia, 30-31 October 2013. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 178p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2014.233]
Flood water ; Flood irrigation ; Food security ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Irrigation schemes ; Irrigation systems ; Spate irrigation ; Livestock products ; Crop production ; Siltation ; Arid zones ; Semiarid zones ; Community involvement ; Water rights ; Water resources ; Water harvesting ; Water use ; Land rights ; Poverty ; Households ; Living standards ; Nutrition ; Malnutrition ; Drought ; Farmers ; Indicators ; Sedimentation ; Canals ; Discharges ; Models ; Surface runoff ; Calibration ; Rainfed farming ; Agriculture ; Technology transfer / Africa / Ethiopia / Africa South of Sahara / Oromia Region / Tigray Region / Keleta River / Boru River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046909)
(2 MB)
4 Geleta, Y. 2014. Overview of challenges and opportunities of spate irrigation development in Oromia region. In Erkossa, Teklu; Hagos, Fitsum; Lefore, Nicole. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Workshop on Flood-based Farming for Food Security and Adaption to Climate Change in Ethiopia: Potential and Challenges, Adama, Ethiopia, 30-31 October 2013. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.117-121.
Spate irrigation ; Irrigation development ; Agroecology ; Silt ; Rain ; Water conveyance ; Drainage / Ethiopia / Oromia Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046943)
(372 KB)
Spate irrigation in Oromia, Ethiopia is not new. The challenges and opportunities in spate irrigation development in the region are effective design of headwork, conveyance system and silt management. Living with all these challenges, Oromia Irrigation Development Authority has constructed systems that are irrigating tens of thousands of hectares benefiting tens of thousands of households. This chapter concludes that to make modern spate irrigation development sustainable and more beneficial, improvements to designs and engineering are required.
5 Erkossa, Teklu; Langan, Simon J.; Hagos, Fitsum. 2014. Constraints to the development, operation and maintenance of spate irrigation schemes in Ethiopia. In Erkossa, Teklu; Hagos, Fitsum; Lefore, Nicole. (Eds.). 2014. Proceedings of the Workshop on Flood-based Farming for Food Security and Adaption to Climate Change in Ethiopia: Potential and Challenges, Adama, Ethiopia, 30-31 October 2013. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.5-22.
Irrigation schemes ; Spate irrigation ; Flood irrigation ; Traditional farming ; Livestock production ; Crop production ; Arid lands ; Semiarid zones ; Community involvement ; Sedimentation ; Smallholders ; Farmers / Ethiopia / Africa South of Sahara / Oromia Region / Tigray Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046925)
Flood-based farming is among the potential options in ensuring access to water for crop and livestock production for small-scale farmers in the arid and semiarid lowlands of sub-Saharan Africa, and Ethiopia in particular. Flood-based irrigation while inexpensive is rooted in tradition in many rural communities which is in contrast to many other irrigation types which are unavailable (in terms of water source, technology or capacity) or are costly to develop. Spate irrigation has been practiced in different parts of Ethiopia for many decades, but it was only recently that it gained the government’s attention. This study was conducted through a review and informal discussion with the objectives of documenting the current status, trends and prospects of spate irrigation in the country and the associated challenges, taking cases of selected schemes in different regional states. The study revealed that spate irrigation is expanding either through improvement of traditional schemes or by developing new ones. Neither the traditional nor modern schemes are free of challenges. The traditional schemes suffer from floods that damage their diversion structures, while poor design and construction of diversion structures have led to the failure of new ones. A range of socio-technical improvements in the planning, implementation and operation of schemes is proposed, including the design of headworks and canals consistent with the size and nature of expected flows, structures to minimize sedimentation, building capacity of farmers and district officers, and monitoring and improving the management that currently adversely impacts the performance of the schemes. Consulting farmers at every stage of the development, and building the capacity of engineers to deal with the unique nature of spate flows are the most likely interventions to ensure successful agricultural production using spate irrigation.
6 Hagos, Fitsum; Erkossa, Teklu; Lefore, Nicole; Langan, Simon. 2014. Spate irrigation and poverty in Ethiopia. In Erkossa, Teklu; Hagos, Fitsum; Lefore, Nicole. (Eds.). 2014. Proceedings of the Workshop on Flood-based Farming for Food Security and Adaption to Climate Change in Ethiopia: Potential and Challenges, Adama, Ethiopia, 30-31 October 2013. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.43-52.
Irrigation schemes ; Spate irrigation ; Traditional farming ; Poverty ; Arid zones ; Households ; Income / Ethiopia / Africa / Oromia Region / Tigray Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046926)
The study examined whether the use of spate irrigation in drought-prone areas of Ethiopia reduced poverty. Each of about 25 users of indigenous and modern spate irrigation schemes and an equal number of corresponding nonusers from the same peasant associations in Oromia and Tigray regional states were interviewed. The survey found that the poverty level of the spate irrigation users was significantly lower than that of the nonusers in terms incidence, depth and severity. Access to improved spate irrigation has led to reduced poverty, measured by all poverty indices, compared to traditional spate. Finally, the dominance test showed that the poverty comparison between users and nonusers was robust. From the study, it can be concluded that the use of spate irrigation in areas where access to other alternative water sources is limited, either by physical availability or by economic constraints, can significantly contribute to poverty reduction, and that modernizing the spate system strengthens the impact.
7 Hailegiorgis, D. S.; Hagos, Fitsum. 2016. Structure and performance of vegetable marketing in East Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research, 26:7-16.
Marketing channels ; Wholesale marketing ; Vegetables ; Performance testing ; Wholesale prices ; Profitability ; Retail marketing ; Retail prices ; Agricultural production ; Agricultural prices ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Consumers ; Trade / Ethiopia / Oromia Region / East Shoa Zone
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047764)
http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JMCR/article/download/32249/33138
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047764.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047764.pdf
Analysis of marketing performance of vegetable plays an important role in an ongoing or future market development plan. The study primarily examines market structure of major actors and assessing the market performance for key vegetable marketing actors and channels by quantifying costs and profit margins. The data was generated by household survey using pre-tested structured questionnaires. This was supplemented by secondary data collected from different published and unpublished sources. The study result shows that the total gross marketing margin was 30% with producer participation margin of 70% implying higher marketing margin of smallholder producers. The market intermediaries incurred different marketing costs such as costs of packing, sorting, transportation, loading and unloading. Central wholesalers obtain relatively highest profit in channel numbered II and III, which amounted to Birr 204,827 and 58,675, respectively. The study result signifies that the first four largest volumes of vegetable purchased by first four big traders (CR4) constitute 50% of market share, which indicates the market structure for vegetable is strongly oligopolistic. OLS regression results also revealed that there are economies of scale for wholesalers at Meki market, which clearly indicates the presence of barrier to entry/exit for wholesalers in the market. Policy implications drawn from the study indicate that changing oligopolistic market structure, capacitating unions to supply inputs and outputs and supporting actors involved in local vegetable markets.
8 Krause, M. S.; Nkonya, E.; Griess, V. C. 2017. An economic valuation of ecosystem services based on perceptions of rural Ethiopian communities. Ecosystem Services, 26(Part A):37-44. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.06.002]
Ecosystem services ; Economic evaluation ; Rural communities ; Living standards ; Land degradation ; Land use ; Farmland ; Forests ; Grasslands / Ethiopia / Oromia Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048251)
(1.31 MB)
Ethiopia is facing severe land degradation resulting in a growing need to better understand ecosystem services (ES) and their importance for rural communities. We conducted focus group discussions in six rural communities in Ethiopia’s Oromia region to gather data on land use and livelihood trends over a timespan of three decades. We assessed the perception of local communities regarding the relevance of ES and economically quantified the perceived ES values that community members derive from forests, grasslands and croplands.
Results show that between 2000 and 2013 the area under cropland increased by 12%, whereas forests and grasslands decreased by 8% and 7%, respectively. Between 1982 and 2013 the perceived loss of ES values summed up to 280 US$/ha/y for forests, 79 US$/ha/y for cropland, and 12 US$/ha/y for grasslands.
We assessed the total economic value (TEV) of each land-use type, with forests ranking the highest, followed by croplands and grasslands respectively. While community members value forests the highest with respect to intangible ES, forests also experienced the strongest decline in the perceived contribution to livelihood. High population growth rates are a strong indirect cause of deforestation driving the need for more farmland.
We conclude that efforts for trans-sectoral policy development have to be made to harmonise land use policies, leading to long term sustainability.
Results show that between 2000 and 2013 the area under cropland increased by 12%, whereas forests and grasslands decreased by 8% and 7%, respectively. Between 1982 and 2013 the perceived loss of ES values summed up to 280 US$/ha/y for forests, 79 US$/ha/y for cropland, and 12 US$/ha/y for grasslands.
We assessed the total economic value (TEV) of each land-use type, with forests ranking the highest, followed by croplands and grasslands respectively. While community members value forests the highest with respect to intangible ES, forests also experienced the strongest decline in the perceived contribution to livelihood. High population growth rates are a strong indirect cause of deforestation driving the need for more farmland.
We conclude that efforts for trans-sectoral policy development have to be made to harmonise land use policies, leading to long term sustainability.
9 Erkossa, Teklu; Williams, Timothy O.; Laekemariam, F. 2018. Integrated soil, water and agronomic management effects on crop productivity and selected soil properties in Western Ethiopia. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 6(4): 305-316. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2018.06.001]
Soil management ; Soil properties ; Soil moisture ; Soil sampling ; Water management ; Agronomic practices ; Crop production ; Productivity ; Land degradation ; Intercropping ; Crop yield ; Fertilizers ; Farming systems ; Farmers ; Soil chemical properties / Ethiopia / Oromia Region / Jeldu / Diga
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048870)
https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/52FCA3E143E488624EE6ACB459F4566E1812A259009A2E4B5EA574F5AEAC285CD0B1DAF4D7C9C1143C0A1B82924EE6FC
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048870.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048870.pdf
Land degradation is a major challenge limiting crop production in Ethiopia. Integrated soil and water conservation is widely applied as a means to reverse the trend and increase productivity. This study investigated the effects of such integrated approaches at two sites, Jeldu and Diga, in Western Ethiopia. A split plot design with physical soil and water conservation in the main plots and agronomic practices in the sub plots was employed. Maize (Zea mays L.) followed by groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) at Diga, and wheat (Triticum aestivum) followed by faba bean (Vicia faba L.) were the test crops. Surface soils were sampled before sowing and after the crop harvest, and analyzed for selected parameters. Soil moisture content during the growing period was also monitored. The use of soil bund increased soil moisture content, and significantly (P < 0.05) increased days to flowering and maturity, kernel weight and harvest index, grain yield of the test crops, with the exception of maize. The improved agronomic practices (intercropping, fertilization and row planting) significantly (P < 0.05) increased grain yield of all the test crops. The effect of the treatments on soil parameters may require longer time to be evident. Although the increase in crop yield due to soil bund and the improved agronomic practices is eminent, economic analysis is necessary before recommending the widespread use of the improved options.
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