Your search found 15 records
1 Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; Akhtar, Mujeeb. 2004. The groundwater management in Pakistan: issues and the way forward. Paper presented at the National Symposium on World Water Day, held at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, 8 April 2004. pp.14-26.
Groundwater management ; Aquifers ; Tube wells ; Diesel oil ; Electricity ; Groundwater extraction ; Groundwater irrigation ; Economic aspects ; Water market ; Pricing / Pakistan / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G730 QUR Record No: H035351)
2 Kishore, Avinash; Mishra, Keshari Nandan. 2005. Cost of energy for irrigation and agrarian dynamism in eastern Uttar Pradesh. IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Highlight, 21/2005. 7p.
Pumps ; Tube wells ; Energy ; Diesel oil ; Electricity ; Costs ; Irrigated farming ; Economic aspects ; Groundwater ; Water market ; Policy / India / Eastern Uttar Pradesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.4 G635 SIN Record No: H036610)
(240 KB)
3 Shah, Tushaar. 2007. Crop per drop of diesel?: Energy squeeze on India’s smallholder irrigation. Economic and Political Weekly, 42(39):4002-4009.
Groundwater irrigation ; Tube wells ; Pumps ; Energy ; Fuels ; Diesel oil ; Prices ; Water market ; Rainfed farming ; Rice / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.4 G635 SHA Record No: H040400)
India’s smallholder irrigation is in the grip of an energy squeeze and is proving the proverbial last straw on the camel’s back. Marginal farmers and sharecroppers are particularly badly hit. Typically, they depend on pump owners for renting pumps, and even as prices have stayed put, the rental rates have risen in tandem with every diesel price hike because of the monopoly power of pump owners in these localised, village-level, informal oligopolies. Pump rentals have also tended to be downwardly sticky – they rise when diesel prices jump but stay put when fuel prices fall. This paper synthesises the results of 15 village studies to understand the impact of the energy squeeze and explores the desperate responses smallholders are forging to cope with or absorb the energy shock, and somehow stay in irrigated agriculture.
4 Ul Hassan, Mehmood; Shah, Tushaar; Ur Rehman, S.; Khattak, M. Z.; Tanwir, F.; Saboor, A.; Lashari, B. K. 2008. Diesel price hike and the energy squeeze on Pakistan’s smallholder irrigators. Journal of Applied Irrigation Science, 43(1): 19-40.
Groundwater irrigation ; Energy ; Diesel oil ; Costs ; Pumps ; Operating costs ; Wells ; Villages ; Water conservation ; Economic aspects ; Policy / Pakistan / Indus Basin / Punjab Province / Sindh Province / North-West Frontier Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.4 G730 ULH Record No: H041394)
The smallholder irrigators of Pakistan have been under squeeze due to rising energy costs, as they depend heavily on pump and tractor owners for irrigation water and agricultural operations. The recent trends of perpetual increase in the energy prices in general, and diesel prices in particular, have resulted into soaring operational costs of agricultural machinery, causing the pumps and tractor rentals to rise because of monopoly of pump owners in the informal village markets. This paper aims at bringing forth the impacts of successive diesel price increase on irrigation economy of smallholders, and their coping strategies to absorb the energy shocks and sustain their livelihoods. Based on a synthesis of qualitative assessment from 9 village level case studies carried out in NWFP, Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan, where diesel and electric pumps are essential for sustaining irrigated agriculture, the paper confirms that the recent hike in diesel prices have proven to be the proverbial last straw on camel’s back for the livelihoods of small farmers and tenants. While some landless tenants had quitted agriculture as a profession due in part to soaring diesel prices, the major coping strategies of the survivors were [a] switching the power source; [b] high input – high profit strategy; c) water conservation strategy; and d) agriculture exodus strategy. The paper also suggests areas for policy intervention and further research.
5 Shah, Tushaar. 2008. Crop per drop of diesel!: energy-squeeze on India’s smallholder irrigation. In Amarasinghe, Upali A.; Sharma, Bharat R. (Eds.) Strategic Analyses of the National River Linking Project (NRLP) of India, Series 2. Proceedings of the Workshop on Analyses of Hydrological, Social and Ecological Issues of the NRLP, New Delhi, India, 9-10 October 2007. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) pp.253-270.
Groundwater irrigation ; Tube wells ; Pumps ; Energy ; Fuels ; Diesel oil ; Prices ; Water market ; Rainfed farming ; Rice ; Share cropping ; Wages / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9162 G635 AMA Record No: H041807)
(108.36 KB)
6 Kumar, M. Dinesh; Singh, O. P.; Sivamohan, M. V. K. 2008. Diesel price hikes and farmer distress: the myth and the reality. In Kumar, M. Dinesh (Ed.). Managing water in the face of growing scarcity, inequity and declining returns: exploring fresh approaches. Proceedings of the 7th Annual Partners Meet, IWMI TATA Water Policy Research Program, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India, 2-4 April 2008. Vol.1. Hyderabad, India: International Water Management Institute (IWMI), South Asia Sub Regional Office. pp.483-497.
Fuels ; Diesel oil ; Prices ; Farmers attitudes ; Pumping ; Costs ; Groundwater irrigation ; Wells ; Ownership ; Economic impact ; Water productivity ; Farm income ; Milk production / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G635 KUM Record No: H041887)
(0.06 MB)
7 Sharma, Bharat R.; Amarasinghe, Upali; Ambili, G. K. (Eds.) 2010. Tackling water and food crisis in South Asia: insights from the Indo-Gangetic Basin. Synthesis report of the Basin Focal Project for the Indo-Gangetic Basin. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF). 120p. (CPWF Project Report 60)
River basin management ; Development projects ; Water governance ; Water allocation ; Water demand ; Water productivity ; Wheat ; Rice ; Fisheries ; Institutions ; Electricity ; Diesel oil ; Prices ; Water market ; Groundwater ; Tenancy ; Poverty / India / Pakistan / Nepal / Bangladesh / Indus Rive Basin / Ganges River Basin / Koshi River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044046)
http://mahider.ilri.org/bitstream/handle/10568/3939/PN60_IWMI_Project%20Report_Mar10_final.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044046.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044046.pdf
(6.56 MB) (5.13MB)
8 Sharma, Bharat; Amarasinghe, Upali. 2011. Unleashing the agricultural potential of Eastern India: understanding the constraints to forge a new paradigm. Invited paper presented at the 10th Agricultural Science Congress on Soil, Plant and Animal Health for Enhanced and Sustained Agricultural Productivity, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences at NBFGR, Luknow, India, 10-12 February 2011. 15p.
Poverty ; Food insecurity ; Flooding ; Flood control ; Water resources ; Water productivity ; Water use ; Agricultural production ; Groundwater ; Tube wells ; Pumping ; Energy ; Diesel oil / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044559)
ftp://ftp.solutionexchange.net.in/public/wes/resources/res-09061101.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044559.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044559.pdf
(0.51 MB) (534.96KB)
Development in India, though impressive; has been unbalanced and uncoordinated, leaving a vast population in the east poor, vulnerable and food-insecure. Poverty in this region is intense and multi-faceted. Curiously, the region is abundant in water, with fertile lands and vastly-un (/under)employed population but seriously lacks in innovative models, attractive policies and effective institutions. Small and half-hearted efforts made in the recent past have met with some measures of success. Impacts of climate change shall be fast and large as the region is squeezed between the mighty Himalayas and its numerous rivers on one side and ever-increasing sea-levels and cyclones in the Bay of Bengal on the other. Our hypothesis is that “efforts in the past have yielded little dividends as the states have been trying to make ‘the east’ as good as its ‘neighbourly rich west’. This is not working and is less likely to work in future as well, due to inherent contradictions. The more appropriate strategy shall be to transform ‘the east’ to the ‘southeast’ by following its small and productive farming systems dependent largely on local innovation, skilled manpower, regulated and supportive water resources, tiny but hugely productive land holdings, and vibrant market systems”. Such a paradigm shift has the potential to unshackle the persistent water-land-poverty nexus and a pathway out of poverty and also improve nutrition and health of the vastly poor population. We shall argue our case with some specific studies from Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh. However, this needs to be tested and validated through good research on systems, policies and cross-learning platforms across the entire eastern region.
9 Sharma, Bharat R.; Amarasinghe, Upali. 2013. Unleashing the agricultural potential of eastern India: understanding the constraints to forge a new paradigm. In Singh, R. B.; Devakumar, C.; Chhonkar, P. K.; Lakra,W. S.; Jena, J. K. (Eds.). Soil, plant and animal health for enhanced and sustained agricultural productivity: proceedings of the 10th Agricultural Science Congress, Luknow, India, 10-12 February 2011. New Delhi, India: National Academy of Agricultural Sciences. pp.498-513.
Poverty ; Food insecurity ; Flood control ; Water resources ; Water productivity ; Water use ; Agricultural production ; Groundwater ; Tube wells ; Pumping ; Energy ; Diesel oil / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045903)
(3.85 MB)
10 Siddiqi, A.; Wescoat, J. L. Jr. 2015. Energy use in large-scale irrigated agriculture in the Punjab province of Pakistan. In Ringler, C.; Anwar, Arif (Eds.). Water for food security: challenges for Pakistan. Oxon, UK: Routledge. pp.67-82.
Irrigated farming ; Irrigation canals ; Agricultural production ; Productivity ; Energy consumption ; Groundwater ; Pumping ; Crop production ; Resource management ; River basins ; Tube wells ; Electricity ; Diesel oil / Pakistan / Punjab / Indus River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046851)
11 Pradeleix, L.; Roux, P.; Bouarfa, S.; Jaouani, B.; Lili-Chabaane, Z.; Bellon-Maurel, V. 2015. Environmental impacts of contrasted groundwater pumping systems assessed by life cycle assessment methodology: contribution to the water–energy nexus study. Irrigation and Drainage, 64(1):124-138. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.1865]
Groundwater irrigation ; Pumping ; Efficiency ; Environmental impact ; Life cycle assessment ; Groundwater table ; Water depletion ; Tube wells ; Food production ; Energy requirements ; Energy consumption ; Electricity ; Diesel oil ; Greenhouse gases ; Emission ; Case studies / Tunisia / Kairouan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047751)
(1.69 MB)
Most studies on the environmental performance of irrigation have focused on the water–food–energy nexus, i.e. relationships between food production, water consumption and energy. However, water and energy are not the only relevant indicators of the environmental performance of irrigation systems. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a holistic method that is well suited to comprehensive assessment. This paper aims at using LCA to assess the environmental impacts of contrasted groundwater pumping systems in semi-arid central Tunisia.
In line with previous studies, our results confirm that for groundwater pumping, energy has the highest environmental impacts on human health, the ecosystem and resource depletion. Our work also highlights that along with pump efficiency, the type of power source must be considered when ranking pumping systems based on environmental performance.
Indeed, diesel-powered pumping systems are more harmful than electric pumps when electricity is generated from natural gas and diesel-powered pump efficiency is low. However, the diesel pumping system becomes the best option when electricity is derived from coal and diesel-powered pump efficiency exceeds 12%.
Finally, water depletion has been shown of great importance in this study, and ongoing LCA improvements should facilitate a more comprehensive picture of these site-specific impacts.
In line with previous studies, our results confirm that for groundwater pumping, energy has the highest environmental impacts on human health, the ecosystem and resource depletion. Our work also highlights that along with pump efficiency, the type of power source must be considered when ranking pumping systems based on environmental performance.
Indeed, diesel-powered pumping systems are more harmful than electric pumps when electricity is generated from natural gas and diesel-powered pump efficiency is low. However, the diesel pumping system becomes the best option when electricity is derived from coal and diesel-powered pump efficiency exceeds 12%.
Finally, water depletion has been shown of great importance in this study, and ongoing LCA improvements should facilitate a more comprehensive picture of these site-specific impacts.
12 Mukherji, A.; Shah, Tushaar; Banerjee, P. S. 2016. Kick-starting a second green revolution in Bengal. In Shah, M.; Vijayshankar, P. S. (Eds.). Water: growing understanding, emerging perspectives. New Delhi, India: Orient BlackSwan. pp.483-489. (Readings on the Economy, Polity and Society)
Groundwater ; Agricultural development ; Green revolution ; Irrigation water ; Water use ; Pumps ; Electrification ; Diesel oil ; Costs ; Economic aspects ; Farmers ; Institutions ; Government policy / India / West Bengal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047749)
(0.98 MB)
13 Shah, Tushaar. 2018. Kick-staring KUSUM (Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahaabhiyan) IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Highlight, 1. 8p.
Tube well irrigation ; Solar energy ; Diesel oil ; Irrigation practices ; Pumps ; Electrical energy ; Farmers ; Surpluses ; Groundwater extraction ; Agriculture ; Subsidies ; Economic aspects / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048822)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/iwmi-tata/PDFs/iwmi-tata_water_policy_research_highlight-issue_01_2018.pdf
(654 KB)
14 Dhundi Saur Urja Sahkari Majdali (DSUUSM). 2018. Dhundi Solar Energy Producers’ Cooperative Society: tri-annual report 2015-18. Kheda, Gujarat, India: Dhundi Saur Urja Sahkari Majdali (DSUUSM). 26p.
Solar energy ; Energy generation ; Renewable energy ; Electricity ; Irrigation methods ; Water market ; Small scale systems ; Pumps ; Diesel oil ; Costs ; Investment ; Income ; Farmers ; Cooperatives ; Society ; Villages / India / Gujarat / Dhundi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049301)
(3.98 MB)
15 Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Mitra, Archisman; Osmani, Z.; Habib, A.; Mukherji, Aditi. 2023. Impact assessment of Solar Irrigation Pumps (SIPs) in Bangladesh: a baseline technical report. New Delhi, India: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 75p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2022.230]
Solar powered irrigation systems ; Pumps ; Impact assessment ; Solar energy ; Energy generation ; Gender equity ; Social inclusion ; Cropping patterns ; Irrigation practices ; Water extraction ; Tube wells ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Business models ; Tariffs ; Costs ; Tenant farmers ; Training ; Seasonal cropping ; Cultivated land ; Plot size ; Food security ; Public-private partnerships ; Villages ; Household surveys ; Socioeconomic environment ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Diesel oil / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051815)
(3.44 MB)
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