Your search found 39 records
1 Das, Anup K.; Lenka, S.; Mohan, Kadiri; Kuppannan, Palanisami. 2012. Irrigation scenario and prospects of micro-irrigation in Orissa [India]. In Palanisami, Kuppannan; Raman, S.; Mohan, Kadiri (Eds.). Micro-irrigation: economics and outreach. New Delhi, India: Macmillan. pp.152-169.
Irrigation methods ; Microirrigation ; Drip irrigation ; Irrigation practices ; Land use ; Water resources ; Surface water ; Flow ; Groundwater irrigation ; Water demand ; Water use ; Industrial uses ; Water use efficiency ; Farmers ; Cropping patterns ; Crop yields ; Economic aspects ; Water rates ; Costs ; Water user associations ; Rain / India / Orissa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044871)
(2.44 MB)
2 Global Water Intelligence (GWI). 2013. Global water market 2014: meeting the world's water and wastewater needs until 2018. Vol. 1. Oxford, UK: Media Analytics Ltd. 459p. + 1CD.
Water market ; Water requirements ; Water resources development ; Water quality ; Water use ; Water reuse ; Water availability ; Water supply ; Water demand ; Industrial uses ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater treatment plants ; Urban wastes ; Equipment ; Networks ; Expenditure ; Costs ; Financing ; Market research ; Forecasting ; Pipes ; Pumps ; Valves ; Meters ; Desalination ; Technology ; Sea water ; Brackish water ; Oils ; Gases ; Energy sources ; Foods ; Beverages ; Pulp and paper industry ; Mining ; Chemicals ; Organizations ; government agencies ; Indicators / Brazil / China / India / USA / Colombia / Indonesia / Malaysia / Mexico / Russia / Australia / France / Germany / Japan / UK / Saudi Arabia / Bolivia / Canada / Chile / Costa Rica / Dominican Republic / Ecuador / El Salvador / Guatemala / Honduras / Panama / Paraguay / Peru / Trinidad / Tobago / Uruguay / Venezuela
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 GLO e-copy SF Record No: H046240)
(0.50 MB)
3 Lazarus, K.; Resurreccion, B. P.; Dao, N.; Badenoch, N. (Eds.) 2011. Water rights and social justice in the Mekong Region. London, UK: Earthscan. 265p.
Water rights ; Water governance ; Watersheds ; Water power ; Social aspects ; Gender ; Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Nutrition ; Living standards ; Water use ; Industrial uses ; Periurban areas ; Climate change ; Highlands ; Institutions ; Wastewater treatment ; Economic aspects ; Case studies / Southeast Asia / Thailand / Vietnam / Mekong Region / Hanoi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.9100959 G800 LAZ Record No: H046480)
(0.35 MB)
4 Drechsel, Pay; Qadir, Manzoor; Wichelns, D. (Eds.) 2015. Wastewater: economic asset in an urbanizing world. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. 287p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9545-6]
Wastewater treatment ; Water reuse ; Economic analysis ; Urbanization ; Sewage sludge ; Health hazards ; Pathogens ; Cost benefit analysis ; Finance ; Environmental risk assessment ; Ecosystem services ; Socioeconomic environment ; Agriculture ; Resource management ; Recycling ; Aquifers ; Groundwater recharge ; Industrial uses ; Businesses ; Models ; Energy consumption ; Nutrients ; Phosphorus ; Nitrogen ; Composting ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; WHO ; Metals ; Semimetals ; Salinity ; Gender ; Private sector ; Institutions ; Legislation ; Regulations ; Farmers ; Crops ; Landscape ; Irrigation ; Biogas ; Markets / Mexico / Cyprus / India / Australia / Iran / Bangalore / Amani Doddakere Lake / Mezquital Valley Aquifer / Ezousa Aquifer / Akrotiri Aquifer / Bolivar Aquifer / Mashhad Plain Aquifer
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI, e-copy SF Record No: H046957)
(0.28 MB)
5 Otoo, Miriam; Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Madurangi, Ganesha. 2015. Economics of water reuse for industrial, environmental, recreational and potable purposes. In Drechsel, Pay; Qadir, Manzoor; Wichelns, D. (Eds.). Wastewater: economic asset in an urbanizing world. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.169-192.
Economic aspects ; Cost benefit analysis ; Investment ; Wastewater treatment ; Water reuse ; Recycling ; Water scarcity ; Landscape ; Industrial uses ; Industrial wastes ; Environmental effects ; Drinking water treatment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H046967)
6 Rao, Krishna; Hanjra, Munir A.; Drechsel, Pay; Danso, G. 2015. Business models and economic approaches supporting water reuse. In Drechsel, Pay; Qadir, Manzoor; Wichelns, D. (Eds.). Wastewater: economic asset in an urbanizing world. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.195-216.
Business management ; Models ; Economic aspects ; Cost benefit analysis ; Private sector ; Institutions ; Wastewater treatment ; Water reuse ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Industrial uses ; Resource management ; Irrigation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H046968)
7 Davidson, B.; Malano, H.; Hellegers, P.; George, B.; Nawarathna, B. 2014. Valuing the water used in peri-urban regions of Hyderabad, India and in western Sydney, Australia. In Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.). The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.463-474. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Periurban areas ; Water rates ; Water use ; Waste management ; Water distribution ; Water allocation ; Economic value ; Domestic water ; Industrial uses ; Agricultural sector ; Catchment areas / Australia / India / Western Sydney / Hyderabad / South Creek Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047054)
Economic theory suggests that resources should be employed in different sectors to the point where their marginal values are equal. Yet what has been observed in many instances is that the marginal values of a resource tend to differ, depending on what they are used for. While this occurs for a variety of reasons, it is argued in this paper that the observable relative differences in the marginal values of a resource are a measure of the pressures forcing a reallocation of those resources within a region. This issue is most acute in peri-urban regions (those places where cities and the rural environment meet) as the competition between a declining agricultural sector and the growing domestic and industrial sectors is most intense. The argument arises as to what extent is the pressure to transfer resources between these declining and expanding sectors. To answer that question it is necessary to value the resource in question in a consistent and comprehensive manner across all sectors. Once done, the forces exerted on the resource can be gauged by observing the relative differences in the values placed on it in each use. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a method that has been used to undertake this task with respect to the allocation of water resources. However, analyzing this question in the water sector has been stymied by the fact that the value of water deployed cannot be compared easily with that allocated to other sectors. The approach taken is an extension of the Residual Method that is used to calculate the marginal value product of water used in each crop and then aggregated to obtain the total value of water allocated to the agricultural sector as a whole. These results are then compared to the more conventionally obtained values of water used in other sectors. The results presented in this paper were drawn from research that has been published on two very different peri-urban sites, in Western Sydney, Australia and in Hyderabad, India. It can be concluded that despite the differences in the circumstances, conditions and concerns of stakeholders, the approach is robust enough to be used in a variety of situations where the competition for water between sectors exists. It was found that the value of water used for domestic purposes is significantly greater than that deployed to the agricultural sector in both peri-urban regions. In addition, it does not matter that the quantities used in the urban areas for domestic and industrial uses are relatively small when compared to those in the agricultural sector (as is the case in Hyderabad) or not (as in the case in Western Sydney). Just like other resources (principally land) it is inevitable that in peri-urban regions water will be and should be allocated to the use that it is most valued; towards urban expansion and away from agriculture.
8 Kuppannan, Palanisami; Kakumanu, Krishna Reddy; Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh. 2015. Water pricing experiences in India: emerging issues. In Dinar, A.; Pochat, V.; Albiac-Murillo, J. (Eds.). Water pricing experiences and innovations. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp.161-180. (Global Issues in Water Policy Volume 9)
Water rates ; Pricing ; Cost recovery ; Multiple use ; Water use efficiency ; Water supply ; Water demand ; Irrigation water ; Groundwater ; Climate change ; Agriculture ; Industrial uses ; Environmental services ; Privatization ; Subsidies ; Population growth ; Case studies / India / Andhra Pradesh / Tamil Nadu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047095)
(1.89 MB)
The debate on growing water scarcity and the need to use the available water more efficiently among different sectors has once again brought in renewed focus in India. In this debate, a large part of the emphasis has been on the pricing of irrigation water, the sector which accounts for almost 80 % of the total water use but for which water is charged at a fraction of the supply cost. Low water rates, apart from encouraging the inefficient use of water, result in low revenue collections and contribute to the growing burden of government subsidies. Efforts to increase revenue collection through institutional reforms motivated mostly by international lending agencies have yielded mixed results. However, given the increasing demand for water and the resulting competition among sectors, there is scope to price water. In this context, the chapter aims to examine the issues relating to water pricing in India with a case study from Andhra Pradesh.
9 de Andrade Resende Filho, M.; Correa, J. S. O.; de Oliveira Torres, M. 2015. Water pricing in Brazil: successes, failures, and new approaches. In Dinar, A.; Pochat, V.; Albiac-Murillo, J. (Eds.). Water pricing experiences and innovations. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp.41-61. (Global Issues in Water Policy Volume 9)
Water rates ; Pricing ; Water demand ; Water resources ; Water use ; Water law ; Irrigation ; Urban areas ; Industrial uses ; Legal aspects ; River basins / Brazil / Paraiba do Sul River Basin / Piracicaba, Capivari, and Jundiaà River Basin / Sao Francisco River Basin / Doce River Basin / Verde Grande River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H047117)
Brazil is marked by its vastness and contrast in terms of availability and access to water. We select and provide a description of the water pricing experiences in place during the past 15 years at the Doce, Verde Grande, Paraiba do Sul, Piracicaba-Capivari-Jundiai (PCJ), and Sao Francisco River basins, which are under federal jurisdiction and, thus, under the responsibility of the Brazilian National Water Agency (Agencia Nacional de Aguas-ANA). The pioneer pricing system of the Paraiba do Sul River basin has been a reference for others throughout Brazil. Generally, water users are charged for water withdrawal and consumption and for effluent discharge in terms of quantity and concentration of Oxygen Biologic Demand per m3. While ANA is responsible as the federal agency in charge, local basin committees were empowered and make the ultimate decision on setting basic unit prices for water, adjustment coefficients, and granting water permits.
10 Renzetti, S.; Dupont, D. P. 2015. Water pricing in Canada: recent developments. In Dinar, A.; Pochat, V.; Albiac-Murillo, J. (Eds.). Water pricing experiences and innovations. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp.63-81. (Global Issues in Water Policy Volume 9)
Water rates ; Pricing ; Water resources ; Water supply ; Water use ; Water demand ; Irrigation water ; Industrial uses ; Environmental services ; State intervention / Canada
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H047118)
The purpose of this chapter is to provide a critical review of past and current practices related to water pricing in Canada’s irrigation, residential, and industrial sectors, as well as water pricing related to the provision of environmental services. The chapter demonstrates that water prices in most sectors have historically been quite low, relative to the costs of supply and relative to international standards. Both residential water users and irrigators have had subsidized access to water distribution networks, and self-supplied water users (such as large manufacturing facilities) have gained access to water supplies at little cost. More recently, some provinces, irrigation districts, and municipalities have raised rates to promote conservation and increase the supply network’s financial sustainability. The chapter concludes by pointing to a number of important emerging issues related to water pricing.
11 Montginoul, M.; Loubier, S.; Barraque, B.; Agenais, A-L. 2015. Water pricing in France: toward more incentives to conserve water. In Dinar, A.; Pochat, V.; Albiac-Murillo, J. (Eds.). Water pricing experiences and innovations. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp.139-160. (Global Issues in Water Policy Volume 9)
Water rates ; Pricing ; Water conservation ; Economic aspects ; Incentives ; Water use ; Water resources ; Freshwater ; Rivers ; Drinking water ; Regulations ; Regional development ; Organizations ; Urban areas ; Industrial uses ; Agricultural sector ; Farmers associations ; Environmental services / France
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H047122)
With an historical overview of the legislative and regulatory framework of water pricing in France, this chapter first describes how the focus of pricing policy progressively shifted from budget balancing to water conservation then to social protection. The next part focuses on pricing practices in the urban sector. Price levels and the evolution of tariff structures are analyzed using surveys and case studies results. The fourth section focuses on water pricing in the agricultural sector at different scales: large public irrigation schemes, smaller water user associations, and individual irrigation systems. The evolution of water abstraction fees collected by river-basin authorities is also analyzed, and we present how these fees can be modulated depending on the degree of collective management of agricultural water resources. To conclude, we discuss the efficiency of water pricing in urban and irrigation sectors and highlight some limits to take into account several uses.
12 Massarutto, A. 2015. Water pricing in Italy: beyond full-cost recovery. In Dinar, A.; Pochat, V.; Albiac-Murillo, J. (Eds.). Water pricing experiences and innovations. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp.201-230. (Global Issues in Water Policy Volume 9)
Water rates ; Pricing ; Financing ; Cost recovery ; Water management ; Water supply ; Water use efficiency ; Irrigation water ; Domestic water ; Industrial uses ; Population / Italy
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H047124)
This chapter provides an overview of the Italian water management system, which is segmented by sectors and characterized by a wide plurality of management systems, operators, and financing patterns. In the last 20 years, Italy has introduced far-reaching reforms of water management, which concerned in the first place urban water supply and sanitation. The most important aim was to create the basis for an autonomous and self-sufficient water industry, driving the sector out of the public budget. Financial equilibrium of water undertakings and access to market- based finance have dominated other possible aims of water pricing. Other sectors, and notably irrigation, continue to follow more traditional schemes. The chapter also discusses further reform opportunities in the search for using water prices as economic incentives for a more sustainable use of water resources.
13 Calatrava, J.; Garcia-Valinas, M.; Garrido, A.; Gonzalez-Gomez, F. 2015. Water pricing in Spain: following the footsteps of somber climate change projections. In Dinar, A.; Pochat, V.; Albiac-Murillo, J. (Eds.). Water pricing experiences and innovations. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp.313-340. (Global Issues in Water Policy Volume 9)
Water rates ; Pricing ; Climate change ; Water supply ; Water use ; Desalinization ; Regulations ; Levies ; Irrigation water ; Water users ; Farmers ; Urban areas ; Industrial uses ; Wastewater treatment ; Environmental effects / Spain
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H047129)
As many other countries, Spain has to cope with, and be prepared to address, major water challenges: climate change, growing demand, and water pollution. Climate change projections indicate significant reductions of runoff and water recharge and more unstable climate regimes. Improving water allocation has become an urgent need. Water demand management is now one of the most relevant issues in the Spanish water policy agenda. The chapter discusses the controversial topic of water pricing, focusing on Spain. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) foresees that, in order to ensure an efficient and sustainable management of water resources, prices should be fixed according to the principle of cost recovery. But our analysis of all policy-relevant drivers and likely scenarios suggests that reforming water-pricing policies is likely to face numerous obstacles and to raise strong opposition from most water users. And yet, pricing policies in Spain are already innovative and fully implemented for all sectors. So the way to reform is already paved, and we expect that more progress will be made in next WFD planning period (2015–2020).
14 Amarasiri, S. 2015. Caring for water. 2nd ed. Katugastota, Sri Lanka: National Water Supply and Drainage Board. Greater Kandy Water Supply Project. 166p.
Water resources ; Surface water ; Water use ; Water quality ; Drinking water ; Waterborne diseases ; Water pollution ; Water storage ; Acidity ; Alkalinity ; Saline water ; Eutrophication ; Plankton blooms ; Phosphorus ; Industrial uses ; Industrial pollutants / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G744 AMA Record No: H047148)
(0.40 MB)
15 Hernandez-Sancho, F.; Lamizana-Diallo, B.; Mateo-Sagasta, Javier. 2015. Economic valuation of wastewater: the cost of action and the cost of no action. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 72p.
Economic analysis ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater irrigation ; Water management ; Water pollution ; Water reuse ; Water quality ; Water supply ; Public health ; Sanitation ; Waterborne diseases ; Environmental impact ; Rice ; Industrial uses ; Sewage sludge ; Valuation ; Cost benefit analysis ; Drinking water ; Developing countries ; Periurban areas ; Resource management ; Case studies / Syria / Vietnam / Spain / Pakistan / Aleppo / Haroonabad
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047349)
https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7465/-Economic_Valuation_of_Wastewater_The_Cost_of_Action_and_the_Cost_of_No_Action-2015Wastewater_Evaluation_Report_Mail.pdf.pdf?sequence=3&%3BisAllowed=
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047349.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047349.pdf
(7.63 MB) (7.62 MB)
16 Sood, Aditya. 2015. Global water requirements of future agriculture: using WATERSIM. In Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnston, Robyn; Smakhtin, Vladimir. Climate change and agricultural water management in developing countries. Wallingford, UK: CABI. pp.32-47. (CABI Climate Change Series 8)
Water requirements ; Water demand ; Water accounting ; Water use ; Water resources ; Domestic water ; Climate change ; Agricultural sector ; Rainfed farming ; Industrial uses ; Food security ; Food consumption ; Socioeconomic environment ; Population growth
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047370)
(1.62 MB) (616 KB)
17 World Bank. Water and Sanitation Program (WSP); International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2016. Recycling and reuse of treated wastewater in urban India: a proposed advisory and guidance document. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 57p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 08) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2016.203]
Wastewater treatment ; Water reuse ; Recycling ; Sewage ; Urban areas ; Urban development ; Policy making ; Wastewater irrigation ; Water resources ; Water supply ; Wastewater irrigation ; Water resources ; Water supply ; Freshwater ; Water demand ; Groundwater irrigation ; Pumping ; Sanitation ; Pollution ; Economic value ; Cost recovery ; Agriculture ; Nutrients ; Industrial uses ; Fertilizers ; Greenhouse gases ; Energy consumption ; Farm income ; Farmers / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047508)
(2 MB)
Recycling and reuse of treated wastewater are an important part of the sanitation cycle and critical in an environment such as urban India with decreasing freshwater availability and increasing costs for delivering acceptable quality water, often from far distance. This report has been developed as a possible guidance document for the Indian government and gives substantial focus to the financial and economic benefits of wastewater recycling from the perspective of public spending. The report presents possible strategies for city and state planners and policymakers in view of the sanitation situation and the role of wastewater recycling in the larger cities in India (class I and II cities and towns with populations above 50,000), and focuses on recycling at the end of sewerage systems after treatment at sewage treatment plants.
18 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2015. Options for decoupling economic growth from water use and water pollution. A report of the Water Working Group of the International Resource Panel. Paris, France: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). International Resource Panel Secretariat. 78p.
Water resources ; Water reuse ; Water management ; Economic growth ; Water pollution ; Wastewater treatment ; Industrial uses ; Agricultural sector ; Domestic water ; Water policy ; Groundwater ; Climate change ; Water supply ; Virtual water ; Water rates ; Pricing ; Urban areas ; Welfare ; Technological changes ; Land use
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047526)
http://apps.unep.org/publications/index.php?option=com_pub&task=download&file=012014_en
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047526.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047526.pdf
(25.10 MB) (25.1 MB)
19 Takeda, M.; Laphimsing, A.; Putthividhya, A. 2016. Dry season water allocation in the Chao Phraya River Basin, Thailand. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 32(2):321-338. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2015.1055856]
Water allocation ; Dry season ; River basins ; Water governance ; Water authorities ; Water availability ; Decision making ; Models ; Water users ; Domestic water ; Agricultural sector ; Cultivated land ; Irrigation programs ; Industrial uses ; Environmental protection ; Deltas / Thailand / Chao Phraya River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047646)
(0.67 MB)
This study examines the recent quantitative characteristics of dry season water allocation in the Chao Phraya River basin, Thailand. Previous studies have focused on inequitable allocation, where the highest priority is given to the domestic water sector and uneven irrigation water variability exists among projects in the delta. This study uses a statistical test and panel data analysis to confirm that the characteristics highlighted in previous studies remain accurate, and it discusses the source of these characteristics in order to understand the issues in water allocation in the Chao Phraya River delta.
20 Bakken, T. H.; Modahl, I. S.; Raadal, H. L.; Bustos, A. A.; Arnoy, S. 2016. Allocation of water consumption in multipurpose reservoirs. Water Policy, 18(4):932-947. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.009]
Water allocation ; Water use ; Reservoirs ; Water supply ; Energy generation ; Renewable energy ; Electricity generation ; Water power ; Irrigation water ; Industrial uses ; Flood control ; Dams ; Environmental flows ; Economic analysis ; Life cycle assessment ; Models ; Case studies / India / Egypt / Spain / Sri Ram Sagar Project / Aswan High Dam / Mularroya Dam / Porma Dam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047705)
(0.24 MB)
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources represented a benchmark in the assessment of water consumption from electricity production. The numbers for hydropower ranged from very low to much larger than the other renewable technologies, partly explained by methodological problems. One of the methodological shortcomings identified was the lack of guidance on how to allocate the water consumption rates in multipurpose reservoirs. This paper is, according to the authors’ knowledge, the first attempt to evaluate, test and propose a methodology for the allocation of water consumption from such reservoirs. We tested four different allocation methods in four different cases, all serving three to five functions, including drinking water supply, irrigation, flood control, industrial water, ecological flow and power generation. Based on our case studies we consider volume allocation to be the most robust approach for allocating water consumption between functions in multipurpose reservoirs. The spatial boundaries of the analysis should follow the boundaries of the hydraulic system. We recommend that data should preferably be gathered from one source for all functions, to ensure a consistent calculation approach. We believe the findings are relevant for similar allocation problems, such as allocation of energy investments and green-house gas emissions from multipurpose reservoirs.
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