Your search found 18 records
1 El-Zanaty, M. 1995. Nonsaline water pollutants and crop production. Cairo, Egypt: National Water Research Center (Egypt). Strategic Research Program. 84p. (NWRC Working Paper Series 20-4)
Water pollution ; Industrial wastewater ; Effluents ; Irrigation water ; Water quality ; Crop production ; Crop yield ; Irrigation canals / Egypt / Nile River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 8065 Record No: H044240)
(0.29 MB)
2 Olsson, O.; Gassmann, M.; Manig, N.; Ikramova, M.; Wegerich, Kai. 2013. Basin efficiency approach and its effect on streamflow quality, Zerafshan River Uzbekistan. Journal of Hydrology, 476:128-135. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.10.022]
River basins ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Industrial wastewater ; Irrigated agriculture ; Irrigation efficiency ; Salinity ; Drainage / Uzbekistan / Zerafshan River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045435)
(0.90 MB)
Understanding the spatial–temporal patterns of water quality parameters and apportioning the sources of water pollution are important for water management. Within the Zerafshan basin a basin efficiency approach is practiced. Here water quality data for a 30 year period are presented and analysed according to spatial distribution utilising box plots and cluster analysis. The results show quality declines in its middle and lower reaches due to return flows from intensively irrigated agricultural region as well as a ‘‘Hot spot’’ with organic and nutrient pollution due to return flows from industrial effluent and municipal wastewater. Comparison between upstream and downstream sites shows an increase of salinity and COD concentrations as well as a more sulphate-rich and chloride-rich composition of the downstream waters. The application of box plots, the Seasonal Mann–Kendall Test and the Mann–Kendall Trend in combination show a moderate increase in river water quality due to the reduction of industrial discharges after the collapse of the Soviet Union. However, during this period chloride has a strong decreasing trend which is connected to increased reuse of drainage and return waters. Overall the lower Zerafshan can be described as a collector for water pollutants causing water quality problems for local water supply. The outcomes support the more general debate on Zerafshan water quality with reliable and more detailed information and provide information on water quality issues for the inclusion in the basin efficiency discussions.
3 Global Water Intelligence (GWI). 2012. Global water and wastewater quality regulations 2012: the essential guide to compliance and developing trends. Oxford, UK: Media Analytics Ltd. 618p.
Drinking water ; Water quality ; Wastewater treatment ; Water reuse ; Industrial wastewater ; Toxic substances ; Sewage sludge ; Regulations ; Risk assessment ; Safety ; Oils ; Gases ; Mining / North America / Canada / USA / Latin America / Argentina / Brazil / Chile / Mexico / Europe / France / Germany / Hungary / Italy / Poland / Spain / UK / Russia / North Africa / Egypt / Morocco / Tunisia / Africa South of Sahara / South Africa / Middle East / Oman / Saudi Arabia / UAE / South Asia / India / Asia Pacific / Australia / China / Indonesia / Malaysia / Korea / Singapore / California / Pennsylvania / Texas / Abu Dhabi / Dubai
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 GLO e-copy SF Record No: H046243)
(0.59 MB)
4 Kumar, S.; Kusakabe, K.; Pradhan, P.; Shrestha, P.; Goteti, S.; Tuan, T. A.; Meteejaroenwong, E.; Suwanprik, T.; Linh, K. 2014. Greenhouse gas emissions from tourism service providers in Chiang Mai, Thailand, and Hue, Vietnam. In Lebel, L.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Krittasudthacheewa, C.; Daniel, R. (Eds.). Climate risks, regional integration and sustainability in the Mekong region. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre (SIRDC); Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). pp.248-269.
Greenhouse gases ; Industrial emission ; Tourism ; Carbon dioxide ; Waste gases ; Municipal authorities ; Industrial wastewater ; Solid wastes / Thailand / Vietnam / Mekong Region / Chiang Mai / Hue
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI, e-copy SF Record No: H046920)
(1.87 MB)
5 Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Tare, V. 2016. Ganga water quality: dirty past, promising future? In Bharati, Luna; Sharma, Bharat R.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Ganges River Basin: status and challenges in water, environment and livelihoods. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.222-237. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
Water quality ; Water pollution ; Surface water ; Industrial wastewater ; Agricultural wastes ; Pesticides ; Urban wastes ; Solid wastes ; Sewage ; Public health ; Sanitation ; Ecosystems ; Fishes ; Economic impact ; Flow discharge ; River basin management ; Action plans ; Development programmes ; Appropriate technology ; Institutional development ; Stakeholders ; Financing / India / Ganga River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047816)
6 Drechsel, Pay; Hanjra, Munir A. (Eds.) 2018. Wastewater for agriculture, forestry and aquaculture - Section iv. In Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.548-774.
Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater irrigation ; Agriculture ; Forestry ; Aquaculture ; Business models ; Resource recovery ; Cost recovery ; Supply chain ; Wood production ; Fruit products ; Water reuse ; Composting ; Industrial wastewater ; Market economies ; Sewage sludge ; Household wastes ; Solid wastes ; Sanitation ; State intervention ; Waste water treatment plants ; Socioeconomic environment ; Environmental impact assessment ; Suburban areas ; Household wastes ; Deserts ; Arid regions ; Semiarid zones ; Risk reduction ; Fish feeding ; Public-private cooperation ; Partnerships ; Municipal wastes ; Hydropower ; Greenhouse gases ; Emission reduction ; Carbon dioxide ; Health hazards ; Private sector ; Private investment ; Freshwater ; Farmers ; Domestic water ; Deltas ; Urban areas ; Downstream ; Aquifers ; Case studies / Egypt / Tunisia / Morocco / Bangladesh / Ghana / Jordan / Iran / Spain / Mexico / India / Cairo / Ouardanine / Monastir / Mirzapure / Kumasi / Amman / Mashhad / Barcelona / Bangalore / Llobregat Delta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048676)
(6.99 MB)
7 Drechsel, Pay; Hanjra, Munir A. 2018. Wastewater for fruit and wood production (Egypt) - Case Study. In Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.556-568.
Wood production ; Fruit products ; Industrial wastewater ; Composting ; Household wastes ; Cost recovery ; Market economies ; Business models ; Suplly chain ; Socioeconomic environment ; Environmental impact ; Case studies / Egypt / Cairo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048677)
(1.20 MB)
8 Haroon, B.; Ping, A.; Pervez, A.; Faridullah; Irshad, M. 2019. Characterization of heavy metal in soils as affected by long-term irrigation with industrial wastewater. Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination, 9(1):47-56. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2018.008]
Wastewater irrigation ; Industrial wastewater ; Irrigated soils ; Heavy metals ; Contamination ; Lead ; Nickel ; Manganese ; Copper ; Cadmium ; Iron ; Zinc ; Soil properties ; Fractionation ; Farmers / Pakistan / Hattar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049121)
https://iwaponline.com/jwrd/article-pdf/9/1/47/522943/jwrd0090047.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049121.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049121.pdf
(0.21 MB) (216 KB)
Investigation of heavy metals (HM) fractions in soils irrigated with wastewater (WW) would ascertain their bioavailability and contamination level in soils. This study investigated HM fractions in soils after long-term WW irrigation. WW irrigation profoundly affected HM fractions in soil. The ranges of HM concentrations in soils irrigated with WW were apparently wide. All fractions were significantly higher in the fields irrigated with industrial WW than rain-fed fields. HM concentrations varied in the soils as Pb > Cu > Ni > Zn > Fe > Cd > Mn after WW irrigation. In rainfed fields, HM concentrations differed in soils as Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cd > Cu > Ni. The HM fractions were dominant in the residual form followed by oxides bound and carbonate associated fractions in WW-irrigated soils. Lower contents of HM in the soil were obtained in the exchangeable fraction. WW irrigation resulted in the transformation of HM into different fractions as residual > oxide associated > carbonate associated > organically bound > exchangeable form. Repeated WW irrigation increased pH values of the soils. The higher EC of soil indicated an accumulation of salts in the soils due to WW irrigation. Mitigation of HM contamination in Hattar industrial effluent is required before irrigation.
9 Sathaiah, M.; Chandrasekaran, M. 2020. A bio-physical and socio-economic impact analysis of using industrial treated wastewater in agriculture in Tamil Nadu, India. Agricultural Water Management, 241:106394. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106394]
Industrial wastewater ; Water reuse ; Socioeconomic impact ; Impact assessment ; Wastewater irrigation ; Water quality ; Irrigated farming ; Water availability ; Cropping patterns ; Livestock ; Income ; Wells ; Groundwater ; Soil quality / India / Tamil Nadu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049844)
(5.25 MB)
Wastewater has high potential for reuse in agriculture; to reduce the water scarcity problems, for increasing food and environmental security, avoiding direct pollution of rivers, canals, surface water, conserving water and nutrients, etc. The study revealed that the water availability increased significantly during both the rainy season and summer in the open wells as well as the new bore wells sunk in the study area. The area cultivated increased by 24.65 per cent along with change in cropping pattern – changing over from coarse cereals namely; sorghum and pearl millet to commercial crops such as; coconut and fodder grass as inter-crops, beside fodder sorghum in the study area in the current period as a result of use of treated wastewater for irrigation. The livestock activity also moved towards more cattle in place of small animals such as; sheep and goats. The land value per hectare remained higher at Rs. 19.76 lakhs in treated wastewater irrigated farms compared to that of the control farms at Rs. 6.42 lakhs. The employment generation through crop activities in the treated wastewater irrigated farms were higher by 129.79 per cent compared to control farms. The treated wastewater irrigated farms could save farm yard manure and N and P nutrients by 5.02 tons, 270.22 kg. and 31.04 kg., respectively. The net income per hectare increased by 9.32 per cent and 1.42 per cent, respectively, compared to the pre-industry period and the net income in control farms. Even while the pH, EC and salt load remained at permissible levels in soil, the salt loads were found moving towards upper permissible limit or exceeding limits in the case of ground water. The positive externalities while require government to bring in policy, making paper mills to treat effluent and provide for irrigation; the negative externalities when read with WHO stipulations and also on the basis of past studies to go for suitable crops which are seasonal or annual with safe transfer factors regarding heavy metals from soil/ground water to plant parts or fiber crops which are not directly consumed by humans.
10 Nikiema, Josiane; Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Asiedu, Zipporah; Saad, Dalia; Lamizana, B. 2020. Water pollution by plastics and microplastics: a review of technical solutions from source to sea. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 112p.
Water pollution ; Plastics ; Microplastics ; Waste management ; Sea pollution ; Freshwater pollution ; Contamination ; Water quality ; Wastewater treatment ; Treatment plants ; Recycling ; Technology ; Drinking water treatment ; Industrial wastewater ; Costs ; Municipal wastewater ; Solid wastes ; Sewage sludge ; Landfill leachates ; Waste incineration ; Risk ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Developing countries ; Policies ; Energy recovery ; Wetlands / USA / Europe / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050126)
https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34424/WPMM.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050126.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050126.pdf
(2.63 MB) (26.6 MB)
11 Nikiema, Josiane; Asiedu, Zipporah; Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Saad, Dalia; Lamizana, B. 2020. Catalogue of technologies to address the risks of contamination of water bodies with plastics and microplastics. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 62p.
Water pollution ; Plastics ; Microplastics ; Contamination ; Risk ; Waste management ; Wastewater treatment ; Technology ; Treatment plants ; Recycling ; Drinking water treatment ; Sewage sludge ; Landfill leachates ; Waste incineration ; Industrial wastewater ; Effluents ; Filtration ; Sea pollution ; Wetlands ; Cost benefit analysis ; Maintenance ; Developing countries ; Gender ; Women ; Policies ; Investment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050127)
https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34423/CTWM.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050127.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050127.pdf
(1.53 MB) (15.0 MB)
12 African Development Bank (AfDB); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); GRID-Arendal. 2020. Sanitation and wastewater atlas of Africa. Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire: African Development Bank (AfDB); Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); Arendal, Norway: GRID-Arendal. 284p.
Sustainable Development Goals ; Goal 6 Clean water and sanitation ; Wastewater management ; Hygiene ; Municipal wastewater ; Industrial wastewater ; Agricultural wastewater ; Wastewater treatment ; Faecal sludge ; Latrines ; Water reuse ; Resource recovery ; Business models ; Economic aspects ; Water resources ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Contamination ; Groundwater ; Regulations ; Drought stress ; Stormwater runoff ; Ecosystem services ; Environmental health ; Waterborne diseases ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Policies ; Institutions ; Governance ; Rural areas ; Population growth / Africa / Algeria / Angola / Benin / Botswana / Burkina Faso / Burundi / Cabo Verde / Cameroon / Central African Republic / Chad / Comoros / Congo / Cote d'Ivoire / Democratic Republic of the Congo / Djibouti / Egypt / Equatorial Guinea / Eritrea / Ethiopia / Gabon / Gambia / Ghana / Guinea / Guinea-Bissau / Kenya / Lesotho / Liberia / Libya / Madagascar / Malawi / Mali / Mauritania / Mauritius / Morocco / Mozambique / Namibia / Niger / Nigeria / Rwanda / Sao Tome and Principe / Senegal / Seychelles / Sierra Leone / Somalia / South Africa / South Sudan / Sudan / Eswatini / Togo / Tunisia / Uganda / United Republic of Tanzania / Zambia / Zimbabwe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050261)
https://www.afdb.org/sites/all/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afdb.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fpublications%2Fsanitation_and_wastewater_atlas_of_africa_compressed.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050261.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050261.pdf
(47.50 MB) (47.5 MB)
13 Zeng, Q.; Brouwer, R.; Wang, Y.; Chen, L. 2021. Measuring the incremental impact of payments for watershed services on water quality in a transboundary river basin in China. Ecosystem Services, 51:101355. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101355]
Watershed services ; Water quality ; River basins ; Water pollution ; Industrial water use ; Industrial wastewater ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Upstream ; Downstream ; Monitoring ; Case studies / China / Zhejiang / Anhui / Huangshan / Xin’an River / Qiandao Lake
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050752)
(3.45 MB)
This study assesses the incremental impact of the first transboundary Payments for Watershed Services (PWS) scheme on water quality in China. Due to the absence of a control situation without the PWS scheme, the synthetic control method (SCM) is applied to construct a counterfactual for the prefecture city Huangshan in Eastern China where the PWS is implemented based on the socio-economic characteristics of more than 75 other prefecture cities. The creation of such a counterfactual is crucial in view of the declining trend in water pollution observed before implementation of the PWS scheme. Despite this downward trend in water pollution, an additional effect of the PWS scheme is observed. This result is not obtained when using any of the other prefecture cities as a placebo to test the robustness of this outcome. The application of the SCM in this study is a promising new avenue for the evaluation of PWS schemes elsewhere where similar control conditions are lacking. However, as we show, its applicability depends crucially on the availability of relevant water quality monitoring data.
14 De Falco, F.; Nikiema, Josiane; Wagner, S. 2021. Mitigation technologies and best practices. In Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Policies to reduce microplastics pollution in water: focus on textiles and tyres. Paris, France: OECD Publishing. pp.64-102. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1787/156bdfa5-en]
Microplastic pollution ; Mitigation ; Technology ; Best practices ; Textile industry ; Tyres ; Life cycle ; Wastewater treatment ; Sewage sludge ; Treatment plants ; OECD countries ; Industrial wastewater ; Stormwater runoff
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051310)
This chapter documents and assesses available best practices and technologies that can be employed to mitigate the release of microplastics from textiles and tyres into the environment. The chapter follows a life-cycle approach, discussing options implementable at the design and manufacturing, use and end-of-life phases, as well as options for the end-of-pipe capture of microplastics.
15 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2021. Policies to reduce microplastics pollution in water: focus on textiles and tyres. Paris, France: OECD Publishing. 136p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1787/7ec7e5ef-en]
Microplastic pollution ; Mitigation ; Policies ; Marine environment ; Freshwater ecosystems ; Textiles ; Tyres ; Human health ; Environmental health ; Health hazards ; Risk reduction ; Toxicity ; Technology ; Best practices ; Techniques ; Standards ; Certification schemes ; Labelling ; Waste management ; Wastewater treatment plants ; Waste disposal ; Sewage sludge ; Degradation ; Emission ; Industrial wastewater ; Stormwater runoff ; OECD countries ; Stakeholders ; Collaboration
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051315)
16 Banadkooki, F. B.; Xiao, Y.; Malekinezhad, H.; Hosseini, M. M. 2022. Optimal allocation of regional water resources in an arid basin: insights from integrated water resources management. AQUA - Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society, 71(8):910-925. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2022.029]
Integrated water resources management ; Water allocation ; Arid zones ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Aquifers ; Environmental sustainability ; Conflicts ; Industrial wastewater ; Wastewater treatment ; Models ; Optimization / Iran Islamic Republic / Yazd / Ashkezar / Meybod / Ardakan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051278)
https://iwaponline.com/aqua/article-pdf/71/8/910/1090728/jws0710910.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051278.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051278.pdf
(0.90 MB) (924 KB)
Viewing water management as a multifaceted issue is critical to achieving sustainable water management. This paper proposes an integrated optimal allocation model for aquifer sustainability and environmental benefits when managing conjunctive water resources. Optimization techniques such as genetic algorithm (GA) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) are used to balance economic benefit and demand management based on decision makers’ preferences. The findings indicate that less water was allocated to industries with high water demand. The value of the allocated water to these industries is between 34 and 52%. Thus, it concluded that specific industries are unsustainable when environmental damage is considered. From the scenarios examined, scenario 10 (water resource conditions and water demands are determined based on existing conditions, considering domestic water management and aquifer restoration) was found to be the optimal water management scenario. The indicators of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) for this scenario are 0.30, 0.15, 190, 40.9, and 0.55 for relative water stress, aquifer sustainability, aquifer attenuation period, aquifer recovery potential, and agricultural water productivity, respectively. This finding implies that considering demand management, wastewater treatment, and the absence of industrial development in development scenarios, it will be possible to conserve aquifers and meet water demands.
17 Cao, X.; Zhang, J.; Meng, H.; Lai, Y.; Xu, M. 2023. Remote sensing inversion of water quality parameters in the Yellow River Delta. Ecological Indicators, 155:110914. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110914]
Water quality ; Parameters ; Remote sensing ; Models ; Water resources ; Industrial wastewater ; Sewage / China / Shandong / Dongying / Yellow River Delta / Guangli River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052260)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X23010567/pdfft?md5=2244fadc05264aa29b391ca748f3bcd8&pid=1-s2.0-S1470160X23010567-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052260.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052260.pdf
(30.40 MB) (30.4 MB)
In recent years, with the rapid socio-economic development of the Yellow River Delta (YRD), the pressure on the supply of water resources has continued to rise. The development of oil-based industries has also led to a series of ecological and environmental problems, such as wetland degradation and water quality deterioration. As an increasing number of rivers are getting polluted, resulting in the deterioration of their water quality, monitoring, managing, and protecting water resources in the YRD is particularly important. In this study, water quality monitoring data and simultaneous Sentinel-2 image data from April 30, 2020, to October 26, 2021, were used to construct an experimental sample in the YRD. Water quality parameters (WQPs) concentrations were correlated with Sentinel-2 image element spectral reflectance and sensitive bands were selected. An empirical method based on the characteristic bands was used to invert a total of six water quality indicators, namely dissolved oxygen (DO), permanganate index (CODMn), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-H), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and turbidity. The results show: (1) A total of five water quality inversion models for DO, TN, CODMn, TP and TN were effective in the areas of the Guangli River, the Tiaohe and the Branch River. The inversion accuracies of the five inversion models (R2of 0.6099, 0.9271, 0.9581, 0.8784 and 0.7387; RMSE of 1.2723, 0.3413, 0.9923, 0.0118 and 1.8476; RPD of 1.53, 2.08, 3.56, 2.76 and 1.53) indicated the feasibility of the water quality inversion method based on Sentinel-2 data using statistical theory for monitoring water quality concentration in the YRD. (2) The spatial distribution of water quality in the YRD was generally characterized by high water quality in the upper reaches and low water quality in the middle and lower reaches (except for some seasonal variations). Among them, the water quality of the upper reaches of the Guangli River was poor, with opposite trends in DO and TN concentrations. In the Tiaohe, CODMn and TP concentrations were not strongly correlated. However, CODMn and TP concentrations were high in the middle reaches where water quality was the worst. The TN concentrations in the Branch River decreased between 2020 and 2021, but the water quality is still in Category V. Therefore, continued attention and appropriate water quality management measures in the YRD are required. Further, by measuring water quality indicators at monitoring stations, regression-fitting equations for WQPs were established to obtain complementary multi-platform observations. Thus, the water quality conditions in the YRD region can be evaluated more accurately and quickly. The research results not only provide an important reference basis for the identification and monitoring of pollution sources, prevention and treatment of water environment pollution in the YRD, but also provide water security for socio-economic and ecological environment security.
18 Noreen, M.; Younes, I. 2023. Wastewater irrigation and its impact on crops in major cultivated belt of Rechna Doab, Pakistan. Kuwait Journal of Science, 50(4):783-789. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjs.2023.08.003]
Wastewater irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation water ; Water quality ; Geographical information systems ; Remote sensing ; Contamination ; Heavy metals ; Drainage water ; Industrial wastewater ; Sewage ; Electrical conductivity / Pakistan / Rechna Doab / Faisalabad / Jaranwala / Saddar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052440)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410823001451/pdfft?md5=802ea9bff1fc24c2ab9f27647876da30&pid=1-s2.0-S2307410823001451-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052440.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052440.pdf
(1.46 MB) (1.46 MB)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of wastewater that is used for irrigation in study area. This research focused on the wastewater irrigation in suburban areas of Faisalabad district. The study involved collection of wastewater samples from ten different locations from Faisalabad, Jaranwala and Saddar districts to assess its quality at different sites. Areas covered by wastewater irrigation ranged from 100 to 2000 acres and major crops were cultivated using this contaminated water, including wheat, cauliflower, radish, spinach, and fenugreek. Physiochemical characteristics of wastewater, including the presence of heavy metals, were measured. The ionic compositions and heavy metal toxicity of wastewater was determined to fall at poisonous levels. Physiochemical properties and quality indices used in the current study also depict the unsuitable nature of the wastewater used in the area. The sources of wastewater varied from drains, sewage water, and the Chakkera Disposal system. Maps generated in Arc Map 10.5 show the spatial distribution of constituents via the geostatistical IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted) technique. The Piper and Durov diagrams highlighted the wastewater chemistry and showed that the dominant water type obtained was NaCl. Results were statistically analyzed by a correlation matrix. Dominant ions, pH levels, electric conductivity (EC), and heavy metals were detected by lab analysis and results indicated variability in toxic levels of these properties within the site and the area using the wastewater irrigation system. Consequently, this indicated the unsuitable nature of using wastewater as an irrigation source. The study concludes that it is necessary to conduct proper treatments to irrigation water before it is used on crops.
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