Your search found 81 records
1 Cofie, Olufunke; Adam-Bradford, A.; Drechsel, Pay. 2006. Recycling of urban organic waste for urban agriculture. In van Veenhuizen, R. (Ed.). Cities farming for the future: Urban agriculture for green and productive Cities. Leusden, Netherlands: Network of Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF Foundation); Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Silang, Philippines: International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR). pp.210-229.
Urban wastes ; Waste management ; Recycling ; Organic wastes ; Composting ; Public health ; Risks / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 630 G178 COF Record No: H039391)
(0.44 MB) (712KB)
2 Danso, George; Drechsel, Pay; Cofie, Olufunke. 2005. Developing policy support on closing rural-urban nutrient recycling for urban and peri-urban agriculture in West Africa: application of multi-stakeholder processes and approaches. Paper presented at the Conference on Agricultures et Developpement Urbain en Afrique de l’Ouest et Centre, CIRAD, Yaounde, Cameroon, 30 October - 3 November 2005. 16p.
Waste management ; Composting ; Urban agriculture ; Urban wastes ; Nutrients ; Recycling / West Africa / Ghana / Nigeria / Benin / Togo / Accra / Kumasi / Ouagadougou
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.875 G190 DAN Record No: H040256)
(104.2KB)
3 Adamtey, Noah; Cofie, Olufunke; Ofosu-Budu, G. K.; Danso, S. K. A.; Forster, D. 2009. Production and storage of N-enriched co-compost. Waste Management, 29:2429-2436. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.04.014]
Waste management ; Urban wastes ; Household wastes ; Solid wastes ; Composts ; Composting ; Production ; Techniques ; Fertilizers ; Excreta ; Urea ; Urban agriculture ; Inorganic fertilizers ; Nitrogen fertilizers ; Heavy metals ; Farmers ; Health hazards / Africa South of Sahara / West Africa / Ghana / Accra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042259)
(0.62 MB)
Recovery of the organic fraction of municipal waste for peri-urban agriculture could contribute to the improvement of environmental sanitation and increase agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, municipal waste co-compost (Co) has low nitrogen (N) content. Therefore, this study investigated the type and form of inorganic N fertiliser that is capable of improving the nitrogen content of Co and monitored the changes in the properties of this N-enriched product under storage. To attain 30,000 mg kg1 (3%) N content, different amounts of urea or ammonium sulphate were applied in various forms (dry, paste and liquid) to enrich Co. The product termed comlizer was stored and its moisture, pH, total nitrogen, NHþ4 -N, NO3 –N, and C/N ratio were monitored under ambient conditions for two years. In the first four months of storage, total N content of 50 kg Co + 3.26 kg urea (CoUD) increased from 31,333 to 54,000 mg kg1, and 50 kg Co + 7.14 kg (NH4)2SO4 (CoASD) from 35,333 to 52,000 mg kg1. At the end of two years of storage, the initial N content of CoUD and CoASD decreased by 47% and 24%, respectively. Based on these results, it is recommended that dry (NH4)2SO4 should be used in N enrichment of Co, and that the comlizer should be stored in sealed bags but not more than four months.
4 Miezah, K.; Ofosu-Anim, J.; Budu, G. K. O.; Enu-Kwesi, L.; Cofie, Olufunke. 2008. Isolation and identification of some plant growth promoting substances in compost and co-compost. International Journal of Virology, 4(2):30-40. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3923/ijv.2008.30.40]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042260)
(0.42 MB)
In this study, plant growth hormones in compost or co-compost prepared from human excreta and/or municipal solid waste were extracted and identified. Water (deionized) or 80% methanol (chilled) extracts were prepared from the composts for the isolation and identification of plant growth substances. The methanolic extracts of plant growth hormones fraction was further partitioned into cytokinin (fraction) using ethyl acetate and n-butanol; auxins (fraction) using diethyl ether and gibberellins (fraction) using sodium hydrogen carbonate and n-butanol. Five different concentrations of standard plant growth hormones; Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP), Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) were prepared and used in a bioassay test to compare the effects and concentration of the extracted plant growth hormones from the compost and co-compost. The presence of some plant growth hormones in the extracted samples from compost or co-compost was confirmed using the relative fluidity, (Rf) values of the co-chromatography using a standard hormone and the extracted plant growth hormones. The results indicated the presence of plant growth substances such as IAA, GA3 and cytokinins. In co-compost, the concentration of hormone were found to be 68.3 to 345.1 mg kg-1, 61.9 to 185.8 mg kg-1 and 250.4 to 312.7 mg kg-1 for auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins, respectively. Whereas in compost 42.0 to 248.8 mg kg-1, 33.1 to 198.3 mg kg-1 and 10.1 to 200.2 mg kg-1 of auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins, respectively were found.
5 Jayawardena, L. P.; Mathur, S. 2005. Design approach to protect water resources from MSW disposal. Engineer, 38(4):32-51.
Water resource management ; Solid wastes ; Urban wastes ; Waste disposal ; Simulation models ; Waste management ; Landfill leachates ; Landfills / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H043273)
(1.25 MB)
6 Perera, K. P. S. P. 2008. Alternative energy for Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: National Science Foundation. 45p.
Energy ; Fuels ; Coal ; Steam engines ; Coconut oil ; Plant oils ; Economic aspects ; Urban wastes ; Aquatic weeds / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.79 G744 PER Record No: H043834)
(0.07 MB)
7 Pradhan, Surendra K.; Opuni, S. C.; Fosu, M.; Drechsel, Pay. 2013. Municipal organic waste management: challenges and opportunities in Tamale, Ghana. [Abstract only]. In Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC). Delivering water, sanitation and hygiene services in an uncertain environment: preprints of the 36th WEDC International Conference, Nakuru, Kenya, 1-5 July 2013. Abstracts of papers. Leicestershire, UK: Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC); Leicestershire, UK: Loughborough University. pp.72.
Waste management ; Urban wastes ; Organic wastes ; Faeces ; Sanitation ; Environmental health / Ghana / Tamale
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046002)
(0.16 MB)
8 Pradhan, Surendra K.; Opuni, S. C.; Fosu, M.; Drechsel, Pay. 2013. Municipal organic waste management: challenges and opportunities in Tamale, Ghana. Paper presented at the 36th WEDC [Water, Engineering and Development Centre] International Conference on Delivering Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Services in an Uncertain Environment, Nakuru, Kenya, 1-5 July 2013. 5p.
Waste management ; Urban wastes ; Organic wastes ; Faeces ; Sanitation ; Environmental health ; Developing countries ; Case studies ; Composts ; Nutrients ; Fertilizers / Ghana / Tamale
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046059)
(0.71 MB)
9 Global Water Intelligence (GWI). 2013. Global water market 2014: meeting the world's water and wastewater needs until 2018. Vol. 1. Oxford, UK: Media Analytics Ltd. 459p. + 1CD.
Water market ; Water requirements ; Water resources development ; Water quality ; Water use ; Water reuse ; Water availability ; Water supply ; Water demand ; Industrial uses ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater treatment plants ; Urban wastes ; Equipment ; Networks ; Expenditure ; Costs ; Financing ; Market research ; Forecasting ; Pipes ; Pumps ; Valves ; Meters ; Desalination ; Technology ; Sea water ; Brackish water ; Oils ; Gases ; Energy sources ; Foods ; Beverages ; Pulp and paper industry ; Mining ; Chemicals ; Organizations ; government agencies ; Indicators / Brazil / China / India / USA / Colombia / Indonesia / Malaysia / Mexico / Russia / Australia / France / Germany / Japan / UK / Saudi Arabia / Bolivia / Canada / Chile / Costa Rica / Dominican Republic / Ecuador / El Salvador / Guatemala / Honduras / Panama / Paraguay / Peru / Trinidad / Tobago / Uruguay / Venezuela
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 GLO e-copy SF Record No: H046240)
(0.50 MB)
10 Global Water Intelligence (GWI). 2013. Global water market 2014: meeting the world's water and wastewater needs until 2018. Vol. 2. Oxford, UK: Media Analytics Ltd. pp.427-1038 + 1CD.
Water market ; Water requirements ; Indicators ; Government agencies ; Wastewater treatment ; Urban wastes ; Water availability ; Water demand ; Desalination ; Brackish water ; Water reuse ; Financing ; Expenditure ; Market analysis ; Forecasting ; Private sector / Algeria / Angola / Austria / Azerbaijan / Belarus / Belgium / Bulgaria / Cameroon / Cote d'Ivoire / Croatia / Cyprus / Czech Republic / Denmark / Egypt / Estonia / Ethiopia / Finland / France / Germany / Ghana / Greece / Hungary / Ireland / Italy / Kazakhstan / Kenya / Latvia / Libya / Lithuania / Luxembourg / Morocco / Netherlands / Nigeria / Norway / Poland / Portugal / Romania / Russian Federation / Serbia / Slovakia / Slovenia / South Africa / Spain / Sudan / Sweden / Sweden / Switzerland / Tanzania / Tunisia / Uganda / Ukraine / UK
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 GLO e-copy SF Record No: H046241)
(0.57 MB)
11 Global Water Intelligence (GWI). 2013. Global water market 2014: meeting the world's water and wastewater needs until 2018. Vol. 3. Oxford, UK: Media Analytics Ltd. pp.1039-1500 + 1CD.
Water market ; Water requirements ; Water management ; Indicators ; Water availability ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Wastewater treatment ; Desalination ; Urban wastes ; Water reuse ; Financing ; Expenditure ; Market analysis ; Forecasting ; Private sector / Middle East / Asia Pacific / Australia / Bahrain / Bangladesh / China / India / Indonesia / Iran / Iraq / Israel / Japan / Jordan / Korea / Kuwait / Lebanon / Malaysia / New Zealand / Oman / Pakistan / Philippines / Qatar / Saudi Arabia / Singapore / Sri Lanka / Taiwan / Thailand / Turkey / UAE / Vietnam / Yemen
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 GLO e-copy SF Record No: H046242)
(0.50 MB)
12 Lagudu, Surinaidu; Rao, V. V. S. G.; Prasad, P. R.; Sarma, V. S. 2013. Use of geophysical and hydrochemical tools to investigate seawater intrusion in coastal alluvial aquifer, Andhra Pradesh, India. In Wetzelhuetter, C. (Ed.). Groundwater in the coastal zones of Asia-Pacific. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.49-65. (Coastal Research Library Volume 7)
Hydrogeology ; Salt water intrusion ; Coastal area ; Aquifers ; Contamination ; Urban wastes ; Deltas ; Canals ; Irrigation water ; Spatial distribution ; Ions ; Surveys / India / Andhra Pradesh / Godavari Delta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.457 G570 WET Record No: H046328)
(1.48 MB)
India has a very long coastline and 25 % of the country’s population live in the coastal zone. Urban centers are located along the coast and three out of four metro cities are located on the coast. The high population density along the banks of major rives and coast Increasing population and demand for water putting the coastal aquifers under stress and causing sea water inrush and salinity upcoming in the coastal aquifers. Apart from sea water contamination, urban waste releases and agriculture inputs threatening the coastal groundwater aquifer systems. Generally coastal areas receive more pollutant loads from different sources including geogenic and anthropogenic sources. Central Godavari delta is located adjacent to the Bay of Bengal Coast, Andhra Pradesh, India and is drained by Pikaleru, Kunavaram and Vasalatippa drains. The area is occupied by recent Quaternary alluvium and gone through a series of marine transgression and regression. The entire study area comes under Godavari central canal command area, water is available throughout year except first week of June and last week of April in the canals. Water requirements for irrigation met from surface water in the delta. There is no groundwater pumping for agriculture as wells as for domestic purpose due to brackish nature of the groundwater at shallow depths. The groundwater depths varying from 0.8 to 3.4 m dug wells and in bore wells located near the coast 4.5–13.3 m. The established groundwater flow direction is to be towards Bay of Bengal from Amalapuram. Geophysical and hydrochemical tools were applied to identify the source of the salinity and to assess the saline water intrusion in the Godavari delta. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) surveys were carried out at several locations in the deltaic region to delineate the aquifer geometry and to identify saline water aquifer zones. The results inferred from ERT indicate 12–15 m thick loamy sands were existed from surface to subsurface and it is followed by 18–25 m thick clay layers. The thickness of clay is being increased toward Sea from inland. The low resistivity values in the delta are attributed to existence of the thick marine clays in the subsurface and relative high resistivities are attributed to existence of fresh water. The resistivity values similar to saline water <0.01 Om is attributed to the mixing of the saline water along surface water drains. In the Ravva Onshore Terminal low resistivity values indicated up coning of brines and mixing of saline water from Pikaleru drain. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for major ions (pH, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, F-, HCO3 2-, Cl-, SO4 2-, NO3 -). The elevated TDS, Na+ and Cl is due to dilution of clay minerals upstream and in the downstream mixing of sea water along the drains in the pre monsoon. The quality is being increase in the post monsoon season. The molar ratios of Na+2/Cl (>0.86) and SO4 -2/Cl- (<0.05) in the pre monsoon indicated strong influence of sea water and in the post monsoon increased Na+2/Cl- and SO4 -2/Cl- (>0.05) indicated marine palaeo salinity, dilution of marine clays and dissolution of evaporites. The high SO4 -2/Cl in the post monsoon is attributed to dilution groundwater salinity due to rainfall infiltration and irrigation return flows in the delta. The low Na+2/Cl- ratios in upstream of the delta are due to sand exposures and isolated fresh water lances in the perched aquifers.
13 Impraim, Robert; Nikiema, Josiane; Cofie, Olufunke; Rao, Krishna. 2014. Value from faecal sludge and municipal organic waste: fertilizer cum soil conditioner in Ghana. Paper presented at the 37th WEDC [Water, Engineering and Development Centre] International Conference on Sustainable Water and Sanitation Services for All in a Fast Changing World, Hanoi, Vietnam, 15-19 September 2014. 6p.
Faecal coliforms ; Sewage sludge ; Urban wastes ; Organic wastes ; Waste management ; Soil conditioners ; Nutrients ; Agricultural production ; Productivity ; Sanitation / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046659)
(0.39 MB)
Ghana is confronted with waste management challenges. with 20-40% uncollected solid waste in most cities. Also. large volumes of faecal sludge are discharged untreated into the environment. Although these wastes pose serious environmental concerns, they also contain nutrients and organic matter essential for improving soil agricultural productivity. The International Water Management Institute (IWMI), since 2001. has researched into nutrient and organic matter recovery from faecal sludge and organic solid waste in Ghana and some Asian countries such as India, Sri Lanka or Bangladesh. This has led to the production of various formulations of faecal sludge based compost (with "Fortifer" as a generic 'brand '), both in the form ofpellets and powders, and specifically an ongoing project aiming at producing and commercializing the Fortifer in Ghana through a Public Private Partnership. This paper presents a summary of Fortifer technology, project objectives as well as lessons learnt during its implementation.
14 Fernando, Sudarshana; Drechsel, Pay; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Semasinghe, Christina. 2014. An analysis of the septage management situation in Sri Lanka. [Abstract only] In University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Department of Forestry and Environmental Science; Sri Lanka. Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy. 19th International Forestry and Environment Symposium on Challenges and Solutions in Forest and Environment Management. Proceedings Part 1: Abstract of Papers, Sigiriya, Sri Lanka, 24-25 October 2014. Nugegoda, Sri Lanka: University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Department of Forestry and Environmental Science; Battaramulla, Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka. Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy. pp.47-48.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046699)
(1.05 MB)
15 Asem-Hiablie, S.; Yeboah-Agyepong, M.; Amoah, Philip; Church, C. D.; Shappell, N.; Schoenfuss, H. L.; Aikins, S.; Agbo, N. W.; Drechsel, Pay. 2014. Challenges to wastewater aquaculture: a case study of traditional and emerging contaminant concentrations in African catfish [Abstract only] Paper presented at the ASA [The American Society of Agronomy]-CSSA [Crop Science Society of America]-SSSA [Soil Science Society of America ] International Annual Meetings, Long Beach, Los Angeles, USA, 2-5 November 2014. 1p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046730)
(0.06 MB)
Municipal wastewater-fed aquaculture promotes efficient water use, however, the potential effects of wastewater-borne traditional and emerging contaminants on fish and human health are potential challenges. The pathogen and heavy metal accumulation in fish tissue and serum estrogenicity and biological effects of wastewater-borne estrogens were assessed in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) raised in a wastewater stabilization ponds (WSP) of a functioning municipal wastewater treatment plant and reference ponds (RP) unimpacted by wastewater, located in Ghana (West Africa). Preliminary results showed that significantly higher levels (2-3 log units) of pathogen (E. coli) contamination were detected in the gut and skin of fish from the WSP than the reference ponds (p = 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of heavy metals found in fish tissue were below the expected daily nutritional requirement (1-2 mg) for humans and poses insignificant toxicological risks. The mean estrogen concentrations were higher in the wastewater ponds than the reference and fish serum assayed by E-SCREEN showed significantly higher estrogenicity in female vs. male catfish in the RP compared to the WSP (p = 0.05). Histological examination of liver and gonad tissues showed no apparent signs of intersex or pathology. These studies showed that catfish cultivated at the study sites were safe for human consumption, however, precautions such as depuration and effective processing methods including grilling and smoking prior to consumption are recommended to reduce pathogen loads. In terms of fish health, biological metrics in this study suggest that aquacultural use of adequately treated municipal wastewater had minimal estrogenic effects on African catfish. Investigation of other growth and reproduction-modulating compounds (e.g. androgens) are needed.
16 Unnisa, S. A.; Rav, S. B. (Eds.) 2013. Sustainable solid waste management. Oakville, ON, Canada: Apple Academic Press. 163p.
Solid wastes ; Waste management ; Urban wastes ; Sustainability ; Waste treatment ; Urban development ; Social behaviour ; Techniques ; Recycling ; Models ; Vermicomposting ; Assessment ; Case studies / Mexico / India / Nigeria / Eluru / Anambra State / Kamareddy
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.7282 G000 UNN Record No: H046748)
(0.28 MB)
17 Fernando, Sudarshana; Drechsel, Pay; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Semasinghe, Christina. 2014. Solid waste and septage co-composting as a pathway to cost and resource recovery in Sri Lanka. In Asian Institute of Technology (AIT). From toilet to source - Accelerating uptake of sustainable and integrated wastewater management solutions: proceedings of the 1st Specialist Conference on Municipal Water Management and Sanitation in Developing Countries, Bangkok, Thailand, 2-4 December 2014. London, UK: IWA Publishing; Bangkok, Thailand: Asian Institute of Technology. pp.246-252.
Solid wastes ; Urban wastes ; Composting ; Resource management ; Recycling ; Cost recovery ; Nutrients ; Faecal coliforms ; Sewage sludge ; Farmers / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046757)
(0.45 MB)
Due to its low nutrient content, compost from municipal solid waste (MS\I\1 qualifies mostly as a conditioner of soil physical properties than soil fertility. This limits the value proposition of the compost and its potential for cost recovery to maintain the compost stations. One way to enhance the compost value is to enrich it with nutrients. Given the increasing attention to fecal sludge (FS) management from septic tanks and latrines, co-composting of both waste streams could be a win-win option to increase the compost nutrient value. To assess the current situation of MSW composting and opportunities and acceptance of co-composting in Sri Lanka several field surveys were conducted including a study of 13 MSW compost plants and current septage management practices in 41 local authorities (LA), a detailed case study of an existing plant mixing MSW and FS, and a willingness to pay study among 257 farmers in proximity of a designated pilot co-composting station. The average cost recovery percentage of the existing compost plants was less than one third of the O&M costs in Sri Lanka with significant variations. The willingness to pay study indicated a high interest in enriched compost. Field trials showed that co-composting with septage could enhance the MSW compost nutrient value. For example, the Phosphorous content of 0.4% could be increased nearly 10 times. In general, co-composting could increase the financial sustainability of the existing compost plants to a substantial degree, while nutrient recovery from MSW without septage addition may not be financially sustainable. Pelletized co-compost could have an increased market value of 70%-1000,1, compare to the normal MSW compost.
18 UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme. 2014. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2014. Vol. 2. Facing the challenges. Paris, France: UNESCO. pp.137-204.
Wastewater treatment plants ; Renewable energy ; Water power ; Desalination ; Water use ; Drinking water ; Hydroelectric schemes ; Electricity generation ; Greenhouse gases ; Solar energy ; Urban wastes ; Sewage sludge ; River basins ; Water availability ; Water demand ; Environmental effects ; Population growth ; Biogas ; Geothermal energy ; Sanitation ; Projects ; Case studies / Austria / China / Herzegovina / India / Saudi Arabia / Italy / Japan / Kenya / Mexico / USA / Turkey / Vienna / Yangtze River / Three Gorges Dam / Trebisnjica Multipurpose Hydrosystem / Umbria / Austin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046372)
(5.59 MB) (14.1 MB)
19 Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Thebo, A. 2015. Global wastewater and sludge production, treatment and use. In Drechsel, Pay; Qadir, Manzoor; Wichelns, D. (Eds.). Wastewater: economic asset in an urbanizing world. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.15-38.
Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater irrigation ; Water reuse ; Resource management ; Urban wastes ; Waste disposal ; Sanitation ; Sewage sludge
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H046959)
20 Hanjra, Munir A.; Drechsel, Pay; Wichelns, D.; Qadir, Manzoor. 2015. Transforming urban wastewater into an economic asset: opportunities and challenges. In Drechsel, Pay; Qadir, Manzoor; Wichelns, D. (Eds.). Wastewater: economic asset in an urbanizing world. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.271-278.
Resource management ; Urban wastes ; Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Economic aspects ; Markets ; Urbanization
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H046971)
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