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1 Hoornweg, D.; Freire, M.; Lee, M. J.; Bhada-Tata, P.; Yuen, B. (Eds.) 2011. Cities and climate change: responding to an urgent agenda. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank. 306p. (Urban Development Series)
Climate change ; Towns ; Urban areas ; Urban planning ; Greenhouse gases ; Institutions ; Temperature ; Adaptation ; Governance ; Policy ; Emission ; Morphology ; Transport ; Models ; Case studies ; Economic aspects ; Social aspects / Europe / USA / Singapore / India / Thailand / London / New York / Milan / Mexico / Bangkok / Mumbai
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 307.7622 G000 HOO Record No: H044077)
(0.33 MB)
2 Lazarova, V.; Asano, T.; Bahri, A.; Anderson, J. 2013. Milestones in water reuse: the best success stories. London, UK: IWA Publishing. 375p.
Water management ; Water reuse ; Recycling ; Filtration ; Technology ; Water quality ; Quality controls ; Drinking water ; Water supply ; Water demand ; Groundwater recharge ; Wastewater treatment ; Sewage sludge ; Aquifers ; Economic aspects ; Environmental effects ; Case studies ; Agriculture ; Irrigation systems ; Reservoirs ; Climate change ; Drought ; Energy ; Costs ; Policy / Australia / USA / Singapore / Spain / Cyprus / France / Hawaii / Japan / Italy / Mexico / Germany / China / Sydney / Costa Brava / Madrid / Bora Bora / Honolulu / Tokyo / Shinjuku Area / Milan / San Luis Potosi / Beijing / California / Occoquan Reservoir
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 LAZ Record No: H045748)
(0.71 MB)
3 La Rosa, G.; Iaconelli, M.; Mancini, P.; Ferraro, G. B.; Veneri, C.; Bonadonna, L.; Lucentini, L.; Suffredini, E. 2020. First detection of SARS-CoV-2 [Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2] in untreated wastewaters in Italy. Science of the Total Environment, 736:139652. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139652]
Coronavirus disease ; Wastewater treatment plants ; Sewage ; Monitoring ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Public health ; Epidemiology ; Surveillance / Italy / Milan / Rome
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049817)
(0.67 MB)
Several studies have demonstrated the advantages of environmental surveillance through the monitoring of sewage for the assessment of viruses circulating in a given community (wastewater-based epidemiology, WBE). During the COVID-19 public health emergency, many reports have described the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stools from COVID-19 patients, and a few studies reported the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewaters worldwide. Italy is among the world's worst-affected countries in the COVID-19 pandemic, but so far there are no studies assessing the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in Italian wastewaters. To this aim, twelve influent sewage samples, collected between February and April 2020 from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Milan and Rome, were tested adapting, for concentration, the standard WHO procedure for Poliovirus surveillance. Molecular analysis was undertaken with three nested protocols, including a newly designed SARS-CoV-2 specific primer set. SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection was accomplished in volumes of 250 ml of wastewaters collected in areas of high (Milan) and low (Rome) epidemic circulation, according to clinical data. Overall, 6 out of 12 samples were positive. One of the positive results was obtained in a Milan wastewater sample collected a few days after the first notified Italian case of autochthonous SARS-CoV-2.
The study confirms that WBE has the potential to be applied to SARS-CoV-2 as a sensitive tool to study spatial and temporal trends of virus circulation in the population.
The study confirms that WBE has the potential to be applied to SARS-CoV-2 as a sensitive tool to study spatial and temporal trends of virus circulation in the population.
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