Your search found 7 records
1 Nikiema, Josiane; Cofie, Olufunke; Impraim, Robert; Drechsel, Pay. 2012. Fortified excreta pellets for agriculture. Paper presented at the Second International Faecal Sludge Management Conference, Durban, South Africa, 29 October - 1 November 2012. 5p.
Excreta ; Agricultural production ; Fertilizers ; Composts ; Faeces ; Irradiation ; Pellets ; Starch crops ; Cassava ; Clay ; Moisture content / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045351)
https://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H045351.pdf
http://www.susana.org/docs_ccbk/susana_download/2-1624-nikiema.pdf
http://www.susana.org/docs_ccbk/susana_download/2-1624-nikiema.pdf
(0.34 MB)
This paper describes the pelletization process of fecal sludge-based fertilizers. The equipment used for the process was fabricated locally in Ghana. Each fertilizer product was individually used for the production of cylindrical pellets. From the current study, the binding material type (cassava starch, either pregelatinized or pretreated by gamma irradiation, or kaolin clay) and concentration (0 to 10 % in mass) as well as moisture content (20-47%) appeared to be the most critical factors during pellets production. It was noticed that the higher the binder concentration, the higher the stability of pellets. This study confirmed that cassava starch is a preferred binding material and that fixing its concentration at 1-3 % could be enough during the pelletization process. The pellets produced in this project had 7.5 to 7.7 mm in diameter, but their length distribution varied depending on the material used.
2 Nikiema, Josiane; Cofie, Olufunke; Impraim, Robert; Adamtey, N. 2013. Processing of fecal sludge to fertilizer pellets using a low-cost technology in Ghana. Environment and Pollution, 2(4):70-87. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5539/ep.v2n4p70]
Fertilizers ; Faecal coliforms ; Sewage sludge ; Pellets ; Composts ; Gamma irradiation ; Moisture content ; Public health ; Analytical methods / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046116)
http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ep/article/download/28987/17903
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046116.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046116.pdf
(1.50 MB) (1.51MB)
This paper describes a study that was aimed at optimizing the pelletization of fecal sludge-based fertilizers for agricultural use. The process developed is easy to implement and increases the marketability of the products while also addressing a serious health and environmental challenge. The study took place during the period 2011-2012 in Ghana. The fecal sludge, rich in nutrients and organic matter, was dried and used to produce five different fertilizers (i.e., four formulations of compost and one with gamma irradiated material). Each material was then pelletized using locally constructed machinery. Key operating parameters, such as moisture content (10-55% in mass), binder type (clay or starch) and concentration (0-10% in mass), were varied and their impacts on the characteristics of pellets (e.g., amount of fine materials generated, length distribution or stability of pellets, and pellet disintegration rate) were also followed. Given the low analyzing capabilities of developing countries, some simple analytical methods were developed and used to compare pellets produced under different conditions. The results confirmed that the addition of 3% of pregelatinized starch is recommended during pelletization of fecal sludge-based fertilizers. Applicable moisture contents were also identified per fertilizer type, and were found to comprise between 21 and 43%.
3 Hettiarachchi, Lakshika; Fernando, Sudarshana; Gunawardena, S.; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Paul, Johannes G.; Grau, Felix. 2016. Strength and disintegration characteristics of compost pellets produced from urban waste in Sri Lanka. Paper presented at the Annual Tropical and Subtropical Agricultural and Natural Resource Management (Tropentag) Conference on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development, Vienna, Austria, 18-21 September 2016. 5p.
Urban wastes ; Composting ; Pellets ; Resource recovery ; Liquid wastes ; Solid wastes ; Nutrients ; Waste treatment ; Fertilizers / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047837)
http://www.tropentag.de/2016/abstracts/links/Paul_gYCioIdz.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047837.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047837.pdf
(347KB)
4 Pradhan, Surendra K.; Nikiema, Josiane; Cofie, Olufunke O.; Heinonen-Tanski, H.; Drechsel, Pay. 2016. Fecal sludge-derived pellet fertilizer in maize cultivation. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 6(3):474-481. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.160]
Faecal sludge ; Inorganic fertilizers ; Maize ; Sanitation ; Composting ; Organic matter ; Pathogens ; Waste treatment ; Pellets ; Cultivation ; Nutrients
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048493)
Fecal sludge (FS) contains significant amounts of plant nutrients and organic matter although it also contains pathogens. Therefore, FS can be used as fertilizer after proper sanitization. This study was designed to test dried fecal sludge (DFS)-based pellet fertilizers on maize cultivation. The DFS fertilizers were produced by composting, co-composting with sawdust, or irradiated by gamma-irradiation, and then nitrogen-enriched and pelletized using gelatinized or gamma-irradiated cassava starch. These DFS pellet fertilizers were compared to each other and to no-fertilization, mineral fertilizer, and agro-industrial waste compost. The fertilizer applications were 150 or 210 kgN/ha. Maize was cultivated in pots containing Cambisol and Ferric Lixisol growth media. The EC-SDFS-PG pellet (DFS + sawdust co-composted, enriched with nitrogen and pelletized) at a rate of 210 kgN/ha produced the highest maize yield (4.4 ton/ha) among all other treatments, while mineral fertilizer produced 3.9 ton/ha. It is concluded that the EC-SDFS-PG pellet produces similar or higher maize yields than mineral fertilizer and more than the agro-industrial compost in both growth media types.
5 Andriessen, N.; Ward, B. J.; Strande, L. 2019. To char or not to char?: review of technologies to produce solid fuels for resource recovery from faecal sludge. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 9(2):210-224. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2019.184]
Resource recovery ; Solid fuels ; Faecal sludge ; Technology assessment ; Resource management ; Energy recovery ; Pellets ; Pyrolysis ; Sanitation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049304)
https://iwaponline.com/washdev/article-pdf/9/2/210/583217/washdev0090210.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049304.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049304.pdf
(0.57 MB) (580 KB)
Resource recovery from faecal sludge can take many forms, including as a fuel, soil amendment, building material, protein, animal fodder, and water for irrigation. Resource recovery as a solid fuel has been found to have high market potential in Sub-Saharan Africa. Laboratory- and pilot-scale research on faecal sludge solid fuel production exists, but it is unclear which technology option is most suitable in which conditions. This review offers an overview and critical analysis of the current state of technologies that can produce a dried or carbonized solid fuel, including drying, pelletizing, hydrothermal carbonization, and slow-pyrolysis. Carbonization alters fuel properties, and in faecal sludge, it concentrates the ash content and decreases the calorific value. Overall, a non-carbonized faecal sludge fuel is recommended, unless a carbonized product is specifically required by the combustion technology or end user. Carbonized and non-carbonized fuels have distinct characteristics, and deciding whether to char or not to char is a key judgement in determining the optimal solid fuel technology option. Based on the existing evidence, this review provides a decision-making structure for selecting the optimal technology to produce a faecal sludge solid fuel and identifies the top research needs prior to full-scale implementation.
6 Pradhan, Surendra K.; Cofie, Olufunke; Nikiema, Josiane; Heinonen-Tanski, H. 2019. Fecal sludge derived products as fertilizer for lettuce cultivation in urban agriculture. Sustainability, 11(24):7101. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247101]
Faecal sludge ; Organic fertilizers ; Urban agriculture ; Lettuces ; Cultivation ; Fertilization ; Soil fertility ; Greenhouse crops ; Sustainable products ; Crop yield ; Nutrients ; Waste management ; Waste treatment ; Composting ; Pellets ; Sludge dewatering ; Enrichment ; Hygiene ; Faecal coliforms ; Soil chemicophysical properties ; Poultry manure / Ghana / Accra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049661)
(0.27 MB) (272 KB)
Fecal sludge (FS) contains a significant amount of plant nutrients. FS (treated/untreated) has been used as soil ameliorant in several countries. Use of FS-based compost on lettuce may meet reservations due to possible microbiological contamination. The objectives of this research are: (1) To determine the fertilizer value of different formulations of sawdust and fecal sludge compost (SDFS) pellets, and (2) to compare the effect of these SDFS formulations with poultry manure, commercial compost, mineral fertilizer, and non-fertilization on lettuce cultivation. The SDFS products were made by enriching, and pelletized with ammonium sulphate, mineral-NPK, or ammonium sulphate + muriate of potash + triple superphosphate. Lettuce was cultivated in a greenhouse and an open field. The result showed that the saleable fresh weight lettuce yield obtained from all SDFS pellets with/without enrichments were higher than those obtained from commercial compost, poultry manure, mineral fertilizer, or no fertilizer. Cultivation in the open field gave higher yields than those in the greenhouse. No helminth eggs were detected in composts or lettuces. Some fecal coliforms were detected in lettuces fertilized with almost all fertilizers tested, including NPK and non-fertilized control. A properly treated fecal sludge-based fertilizer can be a sustainable solution for lettuce production, which helps urban and peri-urban agriculture.
7 Taron, Avinandan; Singh, S.; Drechsel, Pay; Ravishankar, C.; Ulrich, Andreas. 2023. Sewage sludge: a review of business models for resource recovery and reuse. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 98p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 23) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2023.211]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Sewage sludge ; Business models ; Circular economy ; Nutrients ; Energy recovery ; Organic fertilizers ; Biosolids ; Phosphorus ; Wastewater treatment plants ; Waste management ; Landfills ; Sewage treatment ; Technology ; Sludge dewatering ; Anaerobic digestion ; Incineration ; Gasification ; Pyrolysis ; Biochar ; Solid wastes ; Sludge disposal ; Composting ; Pellets ; Biogas ; Electricity generation ; Public-private partnerships ; Municipal authorities ; Policies ; Regulations ; Frameworks ; Market demand ; Costs ; Profitability ; Value chains ; Public health ; Environmental health ; Soil composition ; Case studies / Europe / USA / UK / Italy / Netherlands / Germany / Belgium / Switzerland / Spain / Denmark / Australia / Japan / China / India / Sri Lanka / Tunisia / Oman / Chile
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H052417)
(3.45 MB)
In many low- and middle-income countries, sewage sludge generated from wastewater treatment systems has potential environmental and health hazards. To tackle this challenge, there is a need for innovative options given the increasing concerns and policies restricting sewage sludge dumping in landfills and elsewhere, and a growing awareness about the resource value of sludge within a circular economy. In developed countries, water utilities, municipalities and the private sector are increasingly engaged in utilizing and innovating modern resource recovery technologies to capture biosolids, nutrients or energy from sewage sludge and reducing disposal. This study reviews existing approaches and business models for resource recovery and moves the discussion beyond technical feasibility. Case studies were analyzed in support of four main sets of business models depending on the targeted resource: (i) organic fertilizers, (ii) crop nutrients, (iii) energy, and (iv) organic fertilizers and nutrients along with energy. The extraction of organic fertilizers through dewatering, thickening, stabilization or long-term storage drives the first set of models followed by technological advances in phosphorus recovery. The business models on energy similarly start from conventional energy recovery processes (anaerobic digestion) and move toward incineration. The discussion covers recent advances in gasification and pyrolysis. Transforming sewage sludge into biochar, for example, can support soil fertility and carbon sequestration. The final set covers integrative approaches supporting soil fertility and energy needs. The critical step for emerging economies is to develop a wastewater management strategy and link it to a circular economy framework without having a negative impact on environmental and human health. While technologies and business models generally have a favorable policy environment, there is a lack of a regulatory framework that allows the marketing, use and export of recovered (waste-derived) resources for certain applications. For example, there needs to be an increase in industry acceptance of phosphorus recovered from sewage sludge to penetrate agricultural markets despite the currently still cheaper phosphate rock, which is a finite resource.
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