Your search found 7 records
1 Jacks, G.; Bhattacharya, P.; Ahmed, K. M.; Chatterjee, D. 2000. Arsenic in groundwater and redox conditions in the Bengal delta: Possible in situ remediation. In Mehrotra, R.; Soni, B.; Bhatia, K. K. S. (Eds.), Integrated water resources management for sustainable development - Volume 1. Roorkee, India: National Institute of Hydrology. pp.413-418.
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Aquifers ; Artificial recharge ; Rice ; Paddy fields ; Soil water ; Nitrogen / India / Bengal Delta / Nadia District
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 MEH Record No: H028065)
2 Stroud, J. L.; Norton, G. J.; Islam, M. R.; Dasgupta, T.; White, R. P.; Price, A. H.; Meharg, A. A.; McGrath, S. P.; Zhao, F-J. 2011. The dynamics of arsenic in four paddy fields in the Bengal Delta. Environmental Pollution, 159:947-953.
Arsenic ; Paddy fields ; Rice ; Irrigation water ; Groundwater ; Soil water ; Deltas ; Tube wells / India / Bengal Delta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045041)
(0.58 MB)
Irrigation with arsenic contaminated groundwater in the Bengal Delta may lead to As accumulation in the soil and rice grain. The dynamics of As concentration and speciation in paddy fields during dry season (boro) rice cultivation were investigated at 4 sites in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India. Three sites which were irrigated with high As groundwater had elevated As concentrations in the soils, showing a significant gradient from the irrigation inlet across the field. Arsenic concentration and speciation in soil pore water varied temporally and spatially; higher As concentrations were associated with an increasing percentage of arsenite, indicating a reductive mobilization. Concentrations of As in rice grain varied by 2e7 fold within individual fields and were poorly related with the soil As concentration. A field site employing alternating flooded-dry irrigation produced the lowest range of grain As concentration, suggesting a lower soil As availability caused by periodic aerobic conditions.
3 Senanayke, N.; Mukherji, Aditi. 2012. Irrigating with arsenic contaminated groundwater in the Bengal Delta: a review of mitigation options. IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Highlight, 12. 7p.
Groundwater irrigation ; Arsenic ; Contamination ; Drinking water ; Crop yield ; Rice / India / Bangladesh / West Bengal / Bengal Delta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045262)
(304.9KB)
4 Nasr-Azadani, F.; Khan, R.; Rahimikollu, J.; Unnikrishnan, A.; Akanda, A.; Alam, M.; Huq, A.; Jutla, A.; Colwell, R. 2017. Hydroclimatic sustainability assessment of changing climate on cholera in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin. Advances in Water Resources, 108:332-344. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.11.018]
Climate change ; Hydroclimatology ; Sustainability ; Assessment ; Health hazards ; Infectious diseases ; Cholera ; Stream flow ; Flow discharge ; Forecasting ; River basins ; Models / Bangladesh / Ganges Basin / Brahmaputra Basin / Meghna Basin / Bengal Delta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048327)
(4.30 MB)
The association of cholera and climate has been extensively documented. However, determining the effects of changing climate on the occurrence of disease remains a challenge. Bimodal peaks of cholera in Bengal Delta are hypothesized to be linked to asymmetric flow of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. Spring cholera is related to intrusion of bacteria-laden coastal seawater during low flow seasons, while autumn cholera results from cross-contamination of water resources when high flows in the rivers cause massive inundation. Coarse resolution of General Circulation Model (GCM) output (usually at 100 – 300 km)cannot be used to evaluate variability at the local scale(10–20 km),hence the goal of this study was to develop a framework that could be used to understand impacts of climate change on occurrence of cholera. Instead of a traditional approach of downscaling precipitation, streamflow of the two rivers was directly linked to GCM outputs, achieving reasonable accuracy (R2 = 0.89 for the Ganges and R2 = 0.91 for the Brahmaputra)using machine learning algorithms (Support Vector Regression-Particle Swarm Optimization). Copula methods were used to determine probabilistic risks of cholera under several discharge conditions. Key results, using model outputs from ECHAM5, GFDL, andHadCM3for A1B and A2 scenarios, suggest that the combined low flow of the two rivers may increase in the future, with high flows increasing for first half of this century, decreasing thereafter. Spring and autumn cholera, assuming societal conditions remain constant e.g., at the current rate, may decrease. However significant shifts were noted in the magnitude of river discharge suggesting that cholera dynamics of the delta may well demonstrate an uncertain predictable pattern of occurrence over the next century.
5 Haldar, K.; Kujawa-Roeleveld, K.; Schoenmakers, M.; Datta, D. K.; Rijnaarts, H.; Vos, J. 2021. Institutional challenges and stakeholder perception towards planned water reuse in peri-urban agriculture of the Bengal Delta. Journal of Environmental Management, 283:111974. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111974]
Water reuse ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Institutions ; Stakeholders ; Governance ; Wastewater treatment ; Water supply ; Water management ; Drinking water ; Irrigation water ; Willingness to pay ; Farmers ; Households ; Policies ; Climate change ; Economic aspects ; Deltas / Bangladesh / Bengal Delta / Khulna
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050277)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479721000360/pdfft?md5=6b237a5238262749b353a854d4c2751a&pid=1-s2.0-S0301479721000360-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050277.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050277.pdf
(3.18 MB) (3.18 MB)
The indirect, unplanned use of urban wastewater by peri-urban farmers in developing countries poses a severe risk to the environment and the farmers. Planned water reuse could contribute substantially to the irrigation water demand in peri-urban agriculture and minimize the risk. However, implementing such practice requires a thorough evaluation of stakeholder's perception and the scope within the existing organizational structures. This paper aims to assess the level of awareness, perception, and willingness of different stakeholders toward current practices and the prospect of urban water reuse in Khulna City - one of the most vulnerable cities located in the southwest of Bangladesh due to the consequences of rapid climate changes in the Bengal delta. Also, institutional arrangements and their functioning were analyzed to understand the current sectoral performance. One questionnaire with 385 respondents from the urban area, 32 in-depth interviews and one focus group discussion with farmers in the peri-urban area, and ten interviews with key informants from the government and non-government organization was conducted. Results indicate an overall positive attitude among major stakeholder groups toward planned water reuse for peri-urban agriculture. More than half of the citizens (53%) are willing to pay for the treatment of wastewater and majority of the farmers (66%) are willing to pay for the supply of better-quality irrigation water. However, the public sector responsible for wastewater collection and treatment requires adjustment in rules and regulations to implement planned water reuse. Interrelated factors such as lack of transparency and coordination, shifting responsibilities to other organizations, lack of required resources need to be addressed in the updated rules and regulations. Strategies to enforce current regulations and align all stakeholders are also crucial for collection and treatment of wastewater and its subsequent use for crop production.
6 Haldar, K.; Kujawa-Roeleveld, K.; Acharjee, T. K.; Datta, D. K.; Rijnaarts, H. 2022. Urban water as an alternative freshwater resource for matching irrigation demand in the Bengal Delta. Science of the Total Environment, 835:155475. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155475]
Irrigation water ; Freshwater ; Urban areas ; Water demand ; Water resources ; Water management ; Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Water requirements ; Irrigation requirements ; Infrastructure ; Rain ; Runoff ; Deltas ; Population growth ; Models / Bangladesh / Bengal Delta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051142)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969722025712/pdfft?md5=bb4438fa4f0b51d607d4f5a1adca77e4&pid=1-s2.0-S0048969722025712-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051142.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051142.pdf
(1.75 MB) (1.75 MB)
Rapid changes in climate patterns, population growth, urbanization, and rising economic activities have increased the pressure on the delta's freshwater availability. Bangladesh's coastal planes suffer from a shortage of good quality irrigation water, which is crucial for peri-urban agriculture and at the same time, a high volume of untreated wastewater is discharged into the surface water. This calls for a transition towards efficiently managing and (re)using available urban water resources for irrigation, which is addressed in this paper. A quantitative match between the irrigation demand and potential freshwater supply has been assessed considering different urban water generation scenarios. The FAO AquaCrop model has been used to calculate the irrigation water demand for Boro rice during the dry period. Results indicate that 7.4 million m3 of irrigation water is needed, whereas over 8.2 million m3 of urban water is being generated during the dry season. Simultaneously, mismatches between irrigation demand and alternative water supply mainly occurred in February and March, which could be resolved with water storage capacities. However, to make urban water reuse a reality, the water management policy needs to change to facilitate the construction of required infrastructures for collection, treatment, and storage. The proposed method helps realize the urban water's hidden potential to sustain agricultural activities in the delta areas.
7 Jampani, Mahesh; Matheswaran, Karthikeyan. 2023. Hydrological characterization and social dynamics of polders in the Bengal Delta [Abstract only]. Paper presented at the American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting 2023 (AGU23), San Francisco, CA, USA and Online, 11-15 December 2023. 2p.
Floodplains ; Reclaimed land ; Livelihoods ; Agricultural production ; Sedimentation ; Geomorphology ; Waterlogging ; Water availability / Bangladesh / Bengal Delta / Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052357)
https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm23/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/1450505
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052357.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052357.pdf
(0.44 MB)
Polders in the floodplains of the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in Bangladesh play a critical role in supporting intensive agricultural production and the livelihoods of around eight million people. Polderization is promoted to reduce environmental vulnerabilities against flood inundation, coastal erosion, and salinity intrusion. These land areas are low-lying islands consisting mainly of alluvial sediment deposits, and almost half (~1.2 million ha) of the coastal zone in the region is polderized. Agriculture is the primary reason for the polderization of the region, where paddy rice is the major irrigated crop. Around 139 polders in Bangladesh spread across the Gangetic-Brahmaputra delta region, and they altered the delicate balance between human activity and the floodplains' natural hydrological process, resulting in numerous evolving problems. These include the geomorphological evolution of the river channels and flood plains, water logging and drainage congestion within the polder system, sea-level rise, tidal surges, and salinity intrusion. Coastal and inland salinity is a significant problem in these polders, often influencing crop yields and further agricultural productivity and freshwater availability. We explicitly look at two polders to evaluate the distinct socio-hydrological characteristics of these systems. We used several secondary data sources and literature (grey and scientific) to evaluate the hydrological characteristics, groundwater heterogeneity and social dynamics to understand and evaluate the underlying mechanisms and intrinsic links between systems that influence water balance, saline water intrusion, and crop production. The initial results highlight the complex dynamics of the polder system, often influenced by water availability, irrigated water use, seasonality, and, above all, stakeholders' perceptions. Overall, this work provides an improved understanding of the biophysical dynamics and social linkages and sets the basis for implementing a larger detailed socio-hydrological framework.
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