Your search found 3 records
1 Evans, Alexandra E. V.; Hanjra, M. A.; Jiang, Y.; Qadir, Manzoor; Drechsel, Pay. 2012. Water quality: assessment of the current situation in Asia. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 28(2):195-216. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2012.669520]
Water quality ; Assessment ; Monitoring ; Sewage ; Wastewater treatment ; Surface water ; Sanitation ; Pollution ; Agriculture ; Inorganic fertilizers ; River basins ; Economic aspects / Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H044861)
(0.38 MB)
The uncontrolled release of sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural run-off continue to affect Asia. Although many Asian countries are getting closer to meeting the improved sanitation targets, much of the waste remains untreated. Comprehensive databases are rarely available and national data indicate that the water quality situation is serious. However, there are many signs of hope. Water quality monitoring efforts are improving and several countries now have systems in place that could guide other nations in the region. The efforts of basin agencies, such as the Mekong River Commission, could lead the way to transboundary or even regional assessments. Many regulatory and economic options are being tested for pollution control, but institutional and social challenges remain, in particular those related to population growth and the various ways in which it is affecting water quality across the region.
2 Evans, Alexandra E. V.; Hanjra, M. A.; Jiang, Y.; Qadir, Manzoor; Drechsel, Pay. 2012. Water pollution in Asia: the urgent need for prevention and monitoring. Canberra, Australia: Global Water Forum (GWF). 5p. (GWF Discussion Paper 1222)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044974)
http://www.globalwaterforum.org/2012/06/09/water-pollution-in-asia-the-urgent-need-for-prevention-and-monitoring/
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044974.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044974.pdf
(0.44 MB)
This article surveys the state of water pollution in Asia. The authors discuss the various causes of deteriorating water quality, arguing that the pace and scale of the policy response must increase rapidly.
3 Luo, Y.; Jiang, Y.; Peng, S.; Khan, S.; Cai, Xueliang; Wang, W.; Jiao, X. 2012. Urban weather data to estimate reference evapotranspiration for rural irrigation management. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 138(9):837-842. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000470]
Irrigation management ; Irrigation requirements ; Weather data ; Temperature ; Humidity ; Wind speed ; Evapotranspiration ; Rural areas / China / Kaifeng Station / Huibei Station
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H045719)
(0.94 MB)
Weather data measured in urban areas are generally more easily available than those in rural areas. If the urban weather data are used to calculate the reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) for rural irrigation management or spatial and temporal trend analysis, the results may be biased because of the differences in weather variables. We collected daily data for mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures; relative humidity; average wind speed; and sunshine duration from two stations: Kaifeng Station in the City of Kaifeng and Huibei Station in the nearby irrigation scheme for 1984–2009. ET0 for both stations were calculated using the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method and then compared. The results indicated that the difference in daily ET0 was remarkable [with relative error (RE) of 52.6%], the difference between monthly average ET0 increased gradually during the last three decades and the temporal trends in annual average daily ET0 were opposite. There were significant differences in ETC (with RE of 31.1%) and irrigation requirements (with RE of 24.3%) between the two stations. Even though the distance between the two stations is only 20 km, the urban weather cannot be used to estimate ET0 for rural irrigation management.
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