Your search found 50 records
1 Elkaduwa, W. K. B.; Sakthivadivel, R. 1999. Use of historical data as a decision support tool in watershed management: a case study of the Upper Nilwala Basin in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). vi, 31p. (IWMI Research Report 026) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.036]
Watershed management ; Hydrology ; Land use ; Flow ; Catchment areas ; Water balance ; Case studies ; Runoff ; Water yield ; Rainfall-runoff relationships ; Forestry ; Decision support tools ; Data collection / Sri Lanka / Nilwala Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 631.7.1 G744 ELK Record No: H024099)
(708KB)
Watershed analysis provides a framework for ecosystem management, which is currently the best option for conservation and management of natural resources. The current methods of assessing hydrologic impacts of land use transformation at the watershed scale, particularly in the tropics, are impaired by technical, financial and time constraints. This study provides an alternative approach to ascertain the actual changes in hydrologic response of a particular watershed to land use transformations made in the past.
2 Ribolzi, Olivier; Thiebaux, Jean-Pierre; Bourdon, Emmanuel; Briquet, J. P.; Chaplot, V.; Huon, S.; Marchand, P.; Mouche, E.; Pierret, Alain; Robain, H.; de Rouw, Anneke; Sengtahevanghoung, O.; Soulileuth, B.; Valentin, Christian. 2008. Effect of fallow regrowth on stream water yield in a headwater catchment under shifting cultivation in northern Lao PDR. Lao Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, Special issue no.17:52-71.
Water yield ; Runoff ; Water balance ; Shifting cultivation ; Stream flow ; Water uptake ; Groundwater depletion ; Land use ; Water table / Laos
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041774)
http://www.nafri.org.la/documents/newsletter/Journal/journal_17/section3.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041774.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041774.pdf
(0.53 MB)
3 Burt, T. P.; Pinay, G.; Sabater, S. 2010. Riparian zone hydrology and biogeochemistry. Wallingford, UK: International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). 490p. (IAHS Benchmark Papers in Hydrology 5)
Riparian zones ; Hydrology ; Biogeochemistry ; Water balance ; Landscape ecology ; Rivers ; Flow ; Models ; Water yield ; Soil transport processes ; Runoff ; Nitrogen ; Watersheds ; Case studies ; Sedimentation / USA / UK / Santa Ana River / Cotswolds
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.48 G000 BUR Record No: H043502)
(0.41 MB)
4 Bruijnzeel, L. A.; Bremmer, C. N. 1989. Highland-lowland interactions in the Ganges Brahmaputra River Basin: a review of published literature. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD). 136p. (ICIMOD Occasional Paper 11)
Highlands ; Lowland ; River basins ; Plains ; Geomorphology ; Geology ; Hydrology ; Climate change ; Precipitation ; Rain ; Evaporation ; Vegetation ; Land use ; Sedimentation ; Water yield ; Water budget ; Erosion / India / Ganges River Basin / Brahmaputra River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.483 G000 BRU Record No: H044505)
(0.37 MB)
5 Bharati, Luna; Lacombe, Guillaume; Gurung, Pabitra; Jayakody, Priyantha; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Smakhtin, Vladimir. 2011. The impacts of water infrastructure and climate change on the hydrology of the Upper Ganges River Basin. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 28p. (IWMI Research Report 142) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2011.210]
Water resources ; River basins ; Climate change ; Hydrology ; Simulation models ; Precipitation ; Evapotranspiration ; Statistical methods ; Water balance ; Water yield ; Irrigation water / India / Upper Ganges River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044532)
(2.25MB)
This study assessed the variability of flows under present and 'naturalized' basin conditions in the Upper Ganges Basin (UGB). Furthermore, the PRECIS regional climate model (RCM) was used to generate climate projections for the UGB, with subsequent simulations of future river flows. Results show that the annual average precipitation, actual evapotranspiration (ET) and net water yields of the whole basin were 1,192 mm, 416 mm and 615 mm, respectively. Precipitation, ET and water yields were found to be higher in the forested and mountainous upper areas of the UGB. On an annual average, present-day flows throughout UGB are about 2-8% lower than under naturalized conditions. Dry and wet season flows under climate change (CC) scenario A2 are lower than that under present climate conditions at upstream locations, but higher at downstream locations of UGB. Flows under CC scenario B2 are systematically higher and lower than that under CC scenario A2 during dry and wet seasons, respectively.
6 Gosain, A. K.; Rao, S. 2012. Climate change impact assessment on water resources of the Godavari River Basin [India]. In Nagothu, U. S.; Gosain, A. K.; Palanisami, Kuppannan (Eds.). Water and climate change: an integrated approach to address adaptation challenges. New Delhi, India: Macmillan. pp.80-104.
Climate change ; Impact assessment ; Water resources ; River basins ; Simulation models ; Hydrology ; Rain ; Water balance ; Water yield ; Evapotranspiration ; Drought ; Flooding / India / Godavari River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044791)
7 Bharati, Luna; Gurung, Pabitra; Jayakody, Priyantha. 2012. Hydrologic characterization of the Koshi Basin and the impact of climate change. Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment, April:18-22. (Special issue on "Proceedings of National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Nepal" with contributions by IWMI authors).
Hydrology ; River Basins ; Climate change ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Simulation models ; Water balance ; Water yield ; Assessment ; Evapotranspiration ; Runoff ; Ecology / Nepal / Koshi Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044827)
Assessment of surface and groundwater resources and water availability for different sectors is a great challenge in Nepal mainly due to data limitations. In this study, the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate the hydrology and to calculate sub-basin wise water balances in the Koshi Basin, Nepal. The impacts of Climate Change (CC) projections from four GCMs (CNRM-CM3, CSIRO-Mk3.0,ECHam5 and MIROC 3.2) on the hydrology of the basin were also calculated. This paper summarizes some of the key results. The full report of the study is in preparation. The basin can be divided into the trans-mountain, central mountain, eastern mountain, eastern hill and central hill regions. Results show that current precipitation is highest in the central mountain and eastern mountain regions during both the dry and wet seasons. Water balance results showed that Actual ET as well as Runoff is also highest in the central and eastern mountain regions followed by the mid-hills. Results from climate change projections showed that average temperature will increase in the 2030’s by 0.7-0.9° Celsius. Results for 2030s projections also show that during the dry season, precipitation increases in the trans-mountain but decreases in the other regions for both A2 and B1 scenarios. During the wet season, the MarkSim projections show a decrease in precipitation in all the regions. Net water yields also increased for the trans-mountain zone during the dry season but show varying results during the monsoon. Assessment of projected future fl ow time series showed that there will be an increase in the number of extreme events; i.e., both low fl ows and large fl oods. There is however; a high degree of uncertainty in the projected climate data as the relative standard deviation was quite high.
8 Sood, Aditya; Muthuwatta, Lal; McCartney, Matthew. 2013. A SWAT evaluation of the effect of climate change on the hydrology of the Volta River Basin. Water International, 38(3):297-311. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2013.792404]
Climate change ; Rain ; Temperature ; Hydrology ; River basins ; Flow discharge ; Water yield ; Groundwater recharge ; Water storage ; Weather data ; Reservoirs ; Calibration ; Models ; Statistical methods / West Africa / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045833)
(3.29 MB)
The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was used to evaluate the impacts of a climate scenario based on IPCC A1B emissions on flows in the Volta River basin in West Africa for 2021–2050 and 2071–2100, using 1983–2012 as the reference period. Overall, the simulation indicates increased variability and a decrease of up to 40% in river flow as a consequence of decreasing rainfall and increasing temperature. In particular, the analysis shows smaller absolute but greater relative changes in the hydrology of the northern (upper) part of the basin, particularly at the end of the century.
9 Gurung, Pabitra; Bharati, Luna; Karki, Saroj. 2013. The assessment and management of water resources under current and future climate conditions in the West Seti Sub-Basin, Nepal: consultancy report prepared for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Kathmandu, Nepal: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 71p.
Water resources ; Water management ; Assessment ; Climate change ; Precipitation ; River basins ; Watersheds ; Water yield ; Water balance ; Flow discharge ; Data analysis ; Rain ; Temperature ; Models ; Calibration ; Afforestation ; Water storage ; Ponds ; Infiltration ; Reservoirs ; Land use ; Erosion ; Sediment ; Hydrology / Nepal / West Seti Sub-Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046130)
(14.37 MB)
10 Bakken, T. H.; Skarbovik, E.; Gosain, A. K.; Kuppannan, Palanisami; Sauterleute, J.; Egeland, Helene; Kakumanu, Krishna Reddy; Sekhar, N. U.; Harby, A.; Tirupataiah, T.; Stalnacke, P. 2013. Water allocation with use of the Building Block Methodology (BBM) in the Godavari Basin, India. Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(8):93-107.
Water resources ; Water allocation ; Drinking water ; Water demand ; Water yield ; River basins ; Climate change ; Water storage ; Reservoirs ; Research projects ; Water user associations ; Rain ; Hydrology ; Social aspects ; Economic aspects ; Political aspects / India / Godavari Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046136)
(1.99MB)
Access to sufficient quantities of water of acceptable quality is a basic need for human beings and a pre-requisite to sustain and develop human welfare. In cases of limited availability, the allocation of water between different sectors can result in conflicts of interests. In this study, a modified version of the Building Block Methodology (BBM) was demonstrated for allocation of waters between different sectors. The methodology is a workshop-based tool for assessing water allocation between competing sectors that requires extensive stakeholder involvement. The tool was demonstrated for allocation of water in the Sri Ram Sagar water reservoir in the Godavari Basin, Andhra Pradesh, India. In this multipurpose reservoir, water is used for irrigation, drinking water supply and hydropower production. Possible water allocation regimes were developed under present hydrological conditions (normal and dry years) and under future climate change, characterized by more rain in the rainy season, more frequent droughts in the dry season and accelerated siltation of the reservoir, thus reducing the storage capacity. The feedback from the stakeholders (mainly water managers representing the various sectors) showed that the modified version of the BBM was a practical and useful tool in water allocation, which means that it may be a viable tool for application also elsewhere.
11 Fulton, A. 2002. The hill method of safe yield estimation as applied to the lower Lachlan and lower Macquarie ground water management areas. Thesis. Thesis submitted to the National Centre for Groundwater Management, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Australia, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Master of Science in Groundwater Management. 99p.
Groundwater management ; Groundwater extraction ; Water resources ; Water use ; Water levels ; Aquifers ; Water yield ; Hydrology ; Models ; Monitoring / Australia / Lower Lachlan / Lower Macquarie
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: D 553.79 G922 FUL Record No: H046509)
(0.11 MB)
12 Bharati, Luna; Gurung, Pabitra; Bhattarai, Utsav. 2016. Past and future variability in the hydrological regime of the Koshi basin, Nepal. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 61(1):79-93. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2014.952639]
Hydrology ; Models ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Precipitation ; Monsoon climate ; Winter ; River basins ; Soil management ; Assessment ; Water yield / Nepal / Koshi River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046581)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02626667.2014.952639
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046581.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046581.pdf
(4.11 MB)
Planning adaptation strategies in response to climate change (CC) can be a daunting task, especially in regions such as the Koshi Basin in the Himalayas; where CC impacts are still uncertain. This paper recommends targeting adaptation strategies by focusing on changes in variability between the past and future climates at smaller scales. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) are used for analysis. Results show: (i) higher maximum precipitation during monsoon and post-monsoon, and lower maximum precipitation during winter; (ii) increase in precipitation and flows in the trans mountain region during all seasons, except for flows during monsoon; (iii) increase in post-monsoon precipitation and routed flow volumes; (iv) decrease in precipitation during winter and routed flow volumes in all the regions, except the trans mountain region; and (v) increase in frequency of high peak flows and decrease in baseflows.
13 Muthuwatta, Lal; Sood, Aditya; Sharma, Bharat. 2014. Model to assess the impacts of external drivers on the hydrology of the Ganges River Basin. In Castellarin, A.; Ceola, S.; Toth, E.; Montanari, A. (Eds.). Evolving water resources systems: understanding, predicting and managing water-society interactions: proceedings of the 6th IAHS-EGU International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management, Bologna, Italy, 4-6 June 2014. Wallingford, UK: International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). pp.76-81.
Hydrology ; Models ; River basins ; Water yield ; Soils ; Assessment ; Climate change ; Precipitation ; Catchment areas ; Groundwater recharge / South East Asia / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Tibet / Pakistan / Ganges River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046673)
(1.40 MB)
Impact of climate change on the hydrology of the Ganges River Basin (GRB) is simulated by using a hydrological model – Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Climate data from the GCM, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3) was downscaled with PRECIS for the GRB under A1B Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) scenarios. The annual average precipitation will increase by 2.2% and 14.1% by 2030 and 2050, respectively, compared to the baseline period (1981–2010). Spatial distribution of the future precipitation shows that in the substantial areas of the middle part of the GRB, the annual precipitation in 2030 and 2050 will be reduced compared to the baseline period. Simulations indicate that in 2050 the total groundwater recharge would increase by 12%, while the increase of evapotranspiration will be about 10% compared to the baseline period. The water yield is also expected to increase in the future (up to 40% by 2050 compared to baseline), especially during the wetter months. The model setup is available for free from IWMI’s modelling inventory.
14 Teso, E.; Alamirew, T.; Olumana, M. 2014. Predicting runoff yield using SWAT model and evaluation of Boru Dodota Spate Irrigation Scheme, Arsi Zone, southeastern Ethiopia. In Erkossa, Teklu; Hagos, Fitsum; Lefore, Nicole. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Workshop on Flood-based Farming for Food Security and Adaption to Climate Change in Ethiopia: Potential and Challenges, Adama, Ethiopia, 30-31 October 2013. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.95-113.
Irrigation schemes ; Spate irrigation ; Runoff ; Catchment areas ; Water yield ; Runoff ; Forecasting ; Hydrology ; Models ; Soils ; Meteorological data ; Watersheds ; Water balance ; Rain ; Land use ; Rivers ; Flow discharge / Southeastern Ethiopia / Arsi Zone / Boru Dodota Spate Irrigation Scheme / Boru River / Keleta River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046942)
(304 KB)
For strategic planning and decision making on water-related development projects systematic assessment of the availability of water resources is imperative. Nevertheless, such information is rarely available for many of the subbasins in Ethiopia. Hence, ungauged catchments need to be modeled using hydrologic models. This study was initiated with the objective of calibrating and validating SWAT model on Keleta River gauged watershed (about 761.89 km2 ) so that it can be used to predict runoff on a monthly, seasonal and annual basis, and evaluate the Boru Dodota spate irrigation scheme that has a similar hydrometeorological condition with the Keleta Watershed. Keleta River’s observed flow data were used for sensitivity analysis, model calibration and validation. The result of model performance analysis demonstrated a good agreement between the average monthly simulated and measured values: Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiencies (NSE) of 0.71 for calibration and 0.73 for validation periods. Moreover, the coefficients of determination (R2 ), 0.73 and 0.76, were obtained during the same period. The calibrated parameter on the gauged catchment was in turn used to estimate runoff yield of the ungauged catchment. The simulated mean monthly and average annual water yields of the Boru River Watershed were found to be 0.53 and 6.4 m3 s-1, respectively. The 70% dependable wet season water yield of the catchment was 3.41 m3 s-1, and crop water requirement of the command area was 1.2 ls-1ha-1. The water yield from the catchment can irrigate only 2,842 ha of land out of the pre-designed 5,000 ha of land of the Boru Dodota spate irrigation scheme. In conclusion the SWAT model can be used to analyze ungauged watershed runoff yield in areas that have similar hydrometeorological characteristics as those of the Keleta Watershed in the region. The information obtained can then be used to redesign the spate system or a conventional irrigation system.
15 Jenkins, M.; Souvanhnachit, M.; Rattanavong, S.; Maokhamphiou, B.; Sotoukee, T.; Pavelic, Paul; Sarkis, M.; Downs, T. 2015. Enhancing productivity and livelihoods among smallholder irrigators through biochar and fertilizer amendments [Abstract only] In Centre de cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD). 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture, Montpellier, France, 16-18 March 2015. Parallel session L1 regional dimensions. Paris, France: Centre de cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD). pp.141.
Living standards ; Agricultural production ; Productivity ; Smallholders ; Soil fertility ; Soil moisture ; Rainfed farming ; Climate change ; Water yield ; Fertilizers / Lao People's Democratic Republic
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046931)
http://csa2015.cirad.fr/var/csa2015/storage/fckeditor/file/L1%20Regional%20Dimensions(1).pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046931.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046931.pdf
Climate change and climate variability pose significant risks to smallholders in the rainfed lowlands of Lao PDR. Increased surface temperatures, declining rainfall, persistent drought and depletion of soil nutrients all serve to impact agricultural productivity and livelihoods. This study investigates the impact of five treatments on soil nutrients, moisture, plant growth, and yield of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). The treatments tested were rice husk biochar only, biochar inoculated with manure, manure tea, inorganic fertilizer and the control. The costs and benefits of the treatments were also assessed. The randomized complete block design was used to assign five treatments and eight replications to the experimental units. Biochar was produced through slow pyrolysis. Soil physical properties were assessed with the visual soil assessment method and 15-randomized soil samples were collected for chemical analyses. Sprinklers were used for irrigation and a weather station installed to monitor the climate. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Costs-benefits evaluation of the treatments was conducted to determine the net benefits relative to the initial costs ratio. The analysis of variance of mean yield indicates that the difference in yield among the treatments was highly significant. The computed F value (8.08) was higher than the tabular F value (4.07) at the 1% level of significance. The calculated coefficient of variance of mean yield was 17.33%. The net benefits to initial costs ratio of treatments suggest that the control (5.84), biochar inoculated with manure plus NPK (0.93), and biochar plus manure (0.87) are preferred. The net benefits and initial costs evaluation of treatments is important to assess whether utilizing these treatments would impact smallholders’ livelihoods. The results of this study contribute to the evidence that biochar could play an essential role to mitigate climate change risks by enhancing soil quality and increase agricultural productivity.
16 Ashraf, M.; Bhatti, Muhammad Tousif; Shakir, A. S.; Tahir, A. A.; Ahmad. A. 2015. Sediment control interventions and river flow dynamics: impact on sediment entry into the large canals. Environmental Earth Sciences, 74(7):5465-5474. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4604-3]
Sedimentation ; Rivers ; Stream flow ; Monsoon climate ; Flooding ; Canal irrigation ; Water yield ; Flow discharge / India / Pakistan / Chenab River / Marala Ravi Link Canal / Upper Chenab Canal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047101)
(0.77 MB)
At Marala barrage, two canals, i.e. Marala Ravi Link Canal (MRLC) and Upper Chenab Canal (UCC) off-take from left side of the River Chenab. MRLC has a very old history of experiencing sedimentation issues. Several attempts have been made to counterfoil or minimize this problem in the recent past. Two remarkable measures are the remodeling of MRLC in 2000-2001 (in-tervention-1) and the shifting of the confluence point of a heavily sediment-laden upstream tributary of the Chenab River by construction of a spur dike in 2004 (intervention-2). This paper investigates the effectiveness of these structural interventions as sedimentation control measures. The baseline period is selected from 1997 to 2000 and the impact is analyzed for two post-intervention time steps, i.e. evaluation period-1 ranging from 2001 to 2004 and evaluation period-2 from 2005 to 2011. Results obtained from double mass analysis revealed that sediment load increased by 33 and 8 % due to intervention-1, while decreased by 12 and 22 % due to intervention-2 in MRLC and UCC, respectively. The results suggest that monsoon floods are mainly responsible for sediment loading in the canals (66 % for UCC and 73 % for MRLC), supported by the finding that effective discharge (1900 m3 s-1) is almost twice the mean annual river discharge. The discharge classes between 900 and 2900 m3 s- 1 are mainly responsible for major proportion (89 % in MRLC and 86 % in UCC) of the total sediment load over the 15-year study period. The intervention-1 could not minimize the sediment entry into the canals; rather it aggravated the situation. The intervention-2, however, proved a useful structural measure in this regard.
17 Sood, Aditya; Seidou, O.; Forkuor, G.; Annor, F. O.; McCartney, Matthew. 2016. Simulating current and future Volta Basin water development scenarios. In Williams, Timothy O.; Mul, Marloes L.; Biney, C. A.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Volta River Basin: water for food, economic growth and environment. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.245-273.
River basin development ; Water resources development ; Water yield ; Water storage ; Water allocation ; Reservoir storage ; Hydrology ; Models ; Climate change ; Calibration ; Soil moisture / West Africa / Benin / Burkina Faso / Ivory Coast / Ghana / Mali / Togo / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047736)
18 Sugden, Fraser; Punch, S. 2016. Changing aspirations, education, and migration: young people’s declining agroecological knowledge in rural Asia. In Nicola, A.; Natascha, K.; Tracey, S. (Eds.). Geographies of global issues: change and threat. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.483-499. (Geographies of Children and Young People 8)
Ecosystem services ; Water harvesting ; Water requirements ; Water quality ; Watersheds ; Water use ; Water yield ; Water productivity ; Intensification ; Upstream ; Downstream ; Stream flow ; Climate change ; Crop yield ; Irrigation water ; Ponds ; Sediment ; Agricultural production ; Dry season ; Onions ; Sustainable agriculture ; Ecological factors ; Decision support systems ; Soils ; Assessment ; Supplemental irrigation ; Nutrients ; Food security ; Food production ; Calibration ; River basins ; Case studies / Ethiopia / Africa South of Sahara / Lake Tana Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047886)
This chapter explores the interrelationships between economic change and environmental issues, by showing how aspiration, education, and migration are variously connected to a loss of agroecological knowledges for rural young people. It reviews a series of case studies from Vietnam, India, and China on the implications for rural youth of changed aspirations and ecological and economic stress. The economic and cultural pressures of globalization mean young people increasingly aspire for a life outside of agrarian- and natural resource-based livelihoods. A consequence of this change has been the migration of young people to urban centers and a drive for families to invest in education. Thishasfar reaching consequences for communities.Those who stay behind face an increased labor burden, and economic pressures can be aggravated when the promise of improved livelihoods outside is notrealized. The chapter also points to the negative implications of these changed aspirations on the intergenerational transfer of agroecological knowledge. Thus, in relation to issues of environment and development, the chapter considers why this complex set of relationships between aspiration, education, and migration is important in the context of children and young people’s lives.
19 Kiptala, J. K. 2016. Managing basin interdependencies in a heterogeneous, highly utilized and data scarce river basin in semi-arid Africa: the case of the Pangani River Basin, eastern Africa. PhD thesis. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press - Balkema. 174p.
River basin management ; Semiarid zones ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water footprint ; Rainwater ; Freshwater ; Surface water ; Stream flow ; Groundwater ; Water storage ; Water use ; Water power ; Water availability ; Water productivity ; Water yield ; Water balance ; Climate change ; Rainfed farming ; Supplemental irrigation ; Landscape ; Downstream ; Food production ; Energy balance ; Farmland ; Calibration ; Evapotranspiration ; Crop yield ; Biomass / eastern Africa / Pangani River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G132 KIP Record No: H047471)
https://www.unesco-ihe.org/sites/default/files/2016_unesco-ihe_phd_thesis_jeremiah_kiptala_i.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047471.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047471.pdf
(10 MB)
20 Sood, Aditya; Muthuwatta, Lal; Silva, Sandeepana; McCartney, Matthew. 2017. Understanding the hydrological impacts of climate change in the Tana River Basin. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 40p. (IWMI Working Paper 178) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.220]
Climate change ; Rain ; Evapotranspiration ; Flooding ; River basin ; Hydrology ; Discharges ; Water yield ; Groundwater recharge ; Natural resources ; Infrastructure ; Land use ; Ecosystem services ; Soil water ; Simulation models / Kenya / Tana River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048449)
(2 MB)
The Tana River is one of Kenya’s most important rivers. It is the principal water source for Nairobi, the capital city, providing water for hydroelectric power generation and irrigation. Several of the flagship projects laid out in Vision 2030 - the blueprint that guides Kenya’s national development – are located in the basin. This report presents the findings of a study to determine the possible impacts of climate change on the hydrology of the basin. Data from seven Regional Circulation Models (RCMs), simulating two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), were used as input to the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model. For both RCPs, rainfall is projected to increase across the basin over the remainder of the twenty-first century. Associated increases in water yield, groundwater recharge and baseflow point to an improved water resource situation in the future. However, declining natural flow regulation, increased variability, and considerable increases in the frequency and magnitude of floods pose a risk that threatens to undermine development opportunities. Water resource management will be much more difficult than under historic climatic conditions.
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