Your search found 9 records
1 Dharmagunawardhane, H. A.; Vithanage, M.. 2008. Status of a tsunami affected coastal aquifer along the east coast of Sri Lanka. In Bhattacharya, P.; Ramanathan, A. L.; Mukherjee, A. B.; Bundschuh, J.; Chandrasekharam, D.; Keshari, A. K. (Eds.). Groundwater for sustainable development: problems, perspectives and challenges. Leiden, Netherlands: Taylor & Francis. pp.223-231.
Aquifers ; Coastal area ; Tsunamis ; Groundwater ; Wells ; Electrical conductivity / Sri Lanka / Batticaloa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 553.79 G000 BHA Record No: H042597)
2 Villholth, K. G.; Jeyakumar, P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie H.; Manamperi, A. S. P.; Vithanage, M.; Goswami, R. R.; Panabokke, C. R. 2010. Tsunami impacts and rehabilitation of groundwater supply: lessons learned from eastern Sri Lanka. In Jha, M. K. (Ed.). Natural and anthropogenic disasters: vulnerability, preparedness and mitigation. New York, NY, USA: Springer; New Delhi, India: Capital Publishing Company. pp.82-99.
Tsunamis ; Impact assessment ; Groundwater ; Lagoons ; Wells ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Flooding ; Salinity ; Monitoring ; Drinking water ; Rehabilitation ; Models ; Surveys / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042732)
(1.44 MB)
3 Molden, David; Vithanage, M.; de Fraiture, Charlotte; Faures, J. M.; Finlayson, M.; Gordon, L.; Molle, Francois; Peden, D.; Stentiford, D. 2011. Water availability and its use in agriculture. In Wilderer, P. (Ed.). Treatise on water science. Vol.4. Oxford, UK: Elsevier. pp. 707-732.
Water availability ; Water use ; Water scarcity ; Agriculture ; Water productivity ; Water demand ; Climate change ; River basin management ; Irrigated farming ; Rainfed farming ; Livestock ; Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Ecosystems ; Health hazards ; Water governance
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044171)
(2.36 MB)
4 Villholth, Karen G.; Jeyakumar, P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie.; Manamperi, Sanjeewa P.; Vithanage, M.; Goswami, R. R.; Panabokke, C. R. 2011. Tsunami impacts and rehabilitation of groundwater supply: lessons learned from eastern Sri Lanka. A case study. In Vrba, J.; Verhagen, B. T. (Eds.). Groundwater for emergency situations: a methodological guide. [Report of the UNESCO IHP Groundwater for Emergency Situations’ (GWES) Project]. Paris, France: UNESCO. International Hydrological Programme (IHP) pp.296-308. (UNESCO IHP-VII Series on Groundwater No. 3)
Natural disasters ; Disaster preparedness ; Tsunamis ; Rehabilitation ; Monitoring ; Saline water ; Water purification ; Flooding ; Groundwater ; Wells ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Water supply ; Water use ; Case studies ; Pumps ; Surveys / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044406)
(17.39 MB) (17.4MB)
The purpose of this case study is to describe the importance of groundwater for secure emergency water resource after the huge Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) earthquake which occurred in 1995. Around 1,270,000 households were cut off from municipal water supply after the earthquake and medical activities in many hospitals were seriously affected by water scarcity. However, it was possible to pump groundwater from several wells immediately after the earthquake. Resistance of wells against the impact of earthquakes has been noted and registration system of citizen’s wells has been established in 1996 in Kobe. Within next two years 517 suitable emergency wells were registered and their location entered on maps. Based on the Kobe experience similar emergency water well systems have been established by many municipal and local governments in Japan to be used as a safe source of water in emergency. In some hospitals deep wells have been drilled, equipped with pumps and diesel driven generators and are prepared for immediate use in an emergency situation.
5 Arasalingam, Sutharsiny; Pathmarajah, S.; Mikunthan, T.; Vithanage, M.; Manthrithilake, Herath. 2013. Impact of agricultural activities on groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking in Valikamam area, Jaffna Peninsula. In Sri Lanka Water Partnership (Lanka Jalani); International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Unilever-Pureit. Proceedings of the First Young Water Professionals Symposium, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 22-23 November 2012. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Water Partnership (Lanka Jalani); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: Unilever-Pureit. pp.74-81.
Groundwater resources ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Agricultural production ; Wells ; Aquifers ; Fluorides ; Nitrates ; Chlorides ; Calcium ; Magnesium ; Carbonates ; Bicarbonates ; Sodium ; Potassium / Sri Lanka / Jaffna Peninsula / Valikamam / Chunnakam aquifer
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G744 SRI Record No: H046158)
http://lankajalani.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Proceedings-YWPS.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046158.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046158.pdf
(0.64 MB) (5.26 MB)
6 Arasalingam, Sutharsiny; Manthrithilake, Herath; Pathmarajah, S.; Mikunthan, T.; Vithanage, M.. 2013. Seasonal variation of Nitrate-N in groundwater: a case study from Chunnakam aquifer, Jaffna Peninsula [Abstract only] In Ileperuma, O.; Priyantha, N.; Chandrajith, R.; Navaratne, A.; Perera, A.; Yatigammana, S.; Wijesundara, S.; Rathnayake, S. (Eds). 2013. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Water Quality and Human Health: Challenges Ahead, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 15-16 March 2013. Peradeniya, Sri Lanka: University of Peradeniya. Postgraduate Institute of Science. pp.7.
Groundwater pollution ; Water quality ; Nitrates ; Contamination ; Drinking water ; Aquifers ; Wells / Sri Lanka / Jaffna Peninsula / Chunnakam aquifer
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046230)
(0.09 MB)
The Jaffna Peninsula has four main aquifer systems, of which the largest Chunnakam aquifer is in the Valikamam area. This is an intensively cultivated area in the Jaffna Peninsula, and consequently, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer is found. Other sources of nitrate include organic manures, and urine and excreta of animals through human activities. The aim of this study was to assess the N-nitrate contamination in drinking water of the Chunnakam aquifer, which was a sub-objective of a research project carried out by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Forty four (44) groundwater samples were collected from wells representing different uses and land use patterns. The sampling covered the period from January to December, 2011, representing all seasons. Nitrate-N in sampled water was determined colorimetrically using a spectrophotometer. The spatial variations of the water quality were mapped using ArcGIS 10. Nitrate-N values from domestic, domestic with home garden and public wells ranged from below 0.1 to 12.1 mg L'I. During the rainy season, 38% of the agro-wells exceeded the limit of WHO drinking water guidelines (10 mg L· I) and these were not suitable for drinking purposes. However, this percentage was 15% at the end of the dry season. A decreasing trend in nitrate-N concentration was observed from January to March. During the rainy season, the soil was wet enough up to the water table facilitating nitrate leaching. Nitrate-N found in most of the wells surrounded by areas with highland crops (onions, chillies, tobacco and brinjals) also exceeded the acceptable level (10 rug L'l). Even though these wells are used for agricultural purposes, people who work in the field use agro-wel1s for drinking. This water pollution is very likely related to the heavy use of N-based fertilizers for cultivation in the region. This leads to groundwater unsafe for drinking. Therefore, effective management of groundwater quality in the region is vital and further, creating awareness among population would possibly reduce the excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture.
7 Mikunthan, T.; Vithanage, M.; Pathmarajah, S.; Arasalingam, Sutharsiny; Ariyaratne, Ranjith; Manthrithilake, Herath. 2013. Hydrogeochemical characterization of Jaffna’s aquifer systems in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 69p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2014.001]
Hydrology ; Geochemistry ; Aquifers ; Groundwater recharge ; Water quality ; Water levels ; Nitrogen fertilizers ; Contamination ; Drinking water ; Evapotranspiration ; Wells ; Soils ; Land use ; Rainfall patterns / Sri Lanka / Jaffna Peninsula / Chunnakam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046389)
(7 MB)
8 Arasalingam, Sutharsiny; Manthrithilake, Herath; Pathmarajah, S.; Mikunthan, T.; Vithanage, M.. 2020. Geo-statistical approach for prediction of groundwater quality in Chunnakam Aquifer, Jaffna Peninsula. Journal of Jaffna Science Association, 2(1):12-24.
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Aquifers ; Spatial distribution ; Forecasting ; Water properties ; Wells ; Geostatistics ; Models / Sri Lanka / Jaffna Peninsula / Valikamam / Chunnakam Aquifer
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050216)
http://journal.thejsa.org/index.php/jsaj/article/view/13/9
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050216.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050216.pdf
(3.03 MB) (3.03 MB)
Chunnakam aquifer is the main limestone aquifer of Jaffna Peninsula. The population of the Jaffna Peninsula depends entirely on groundwater resources to meet all of their water requirements. Thus for protecting groundwater quality in Chunnakam aquifer, data on spatial and temporal distribution are important. Geostatistics methods are one of the most advanced techniques for interpolation of groundwater quality. In this study, Ordinary Kriging and IDW methods were used for predicting spatial distribution of some groundwater characteristics such as: Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, nitrate as nitrogen, chloride, calcium, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfate and sodium concentration. Forty four wells were selected to represent the entire Chunnakam aquifer during January, March, April, July and October 2011 to represent wet and dry season within a year. After normalization of data, variogram was computed. Suitable model for fitness on experimental variogram was selected based on less Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value. Then the best method for interpolation was selected, using cross validation and RMSE. Results showed that for all groundwater quality, Ordinary Kriging performed better than IDW method to simulate groundwater quality. Finally, using Ordinary Kriging method, maps of groundwater quality were prepared for studied groundwater quality in Chunnakam aquifer. The result of Ordinary Kriging interpolation showed that higher EC, chloride, sulphate and sodium concentrations are clearly shown to be more common closer to the coast, and decreasing inland due to intrusion of seawater into the Chunnakam aquifer. Also higher NO3 - - N are observed in intensified agricultural areas of Chunnakam aquifer in Jaffna Peninsula.
9 Chandrasekara, S. S. K.; Chandrasekara, S. K.; Gamini, P. H. S.; Obeysekera, J.; Manthrithilake, Herath; Kwon, H.-H.; Vithanage, M.. 2021. A review on water governance in Sri Lanka: the lessons learnt for future water policy formulation. Water Policy, 23(2):255-273. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2021.152]
Water governance ; Water policies ; Institutional development ; Coordination ; Administrative structures ; History ; Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Regulations ; Irrigation management ; Irrigation water ; Water scarcity ; Water institutions ; Government agencies ; Committees ; Donors ; Decision making ; Participatory approaches ; Political aspects / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050376)
https://iwaponline.com/wp/article-pdf/23/2/255/878970/023020255.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050376.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050376.pdf
(0.54 MB) (554 KB)
Sri Lanka has no water scarcity within the country, and per capita, water availability is adequate to cater for the country’s estimated peak population. Nevertheless, the frequent variability of spatial and temporal water availability and extreme events have built up a water scarcity in Sri Lanka, which has been observed during the last two to three decades. Therefore, effective and efficient water governance is most important in today’s context, and regular review and amendment of policies, laws, and regulations are crucial to mitigate water scarcity. Although a few attempts were initiated, none of them succeeded. In this study, historical and present water governance mechanisms, including coordinating mechanisms and implementing water management agencies in Sri Lanka, were comprehensively reviewed. Further, the previously proposed water policies, their status and reasons for the failures of policies were discussed. Finally, the formulation of a novel institutional arrangement or altering the existing institutional arrangement with shared data and allocating non-shared responsibilities to each institution is suggested for better water governance in Sri Lanka.
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