Your search found 5 records
1 Clement, Floriane; Haileslassie, A.; Ishaq, Saba; Blummel, M.; Murty, M. V. R.; Samad, Madar; Dey, S.; Das, H.; Khan, M. A. 2011. Enhancing water productivity for poverty alleviation: role of capitals and institutions in the Ganga Basin. Experimental Agriculture, 47(Supplement S1):133-151. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479710000827]
River basins ; Water productivity ; Farming systems ; Crop production ; Livestock ; Farmers ; Landlessness ; Poverty ; Case studies ; Irrigated farming / India / Ganga River Basin / Bankura District / Hisar / Basra Village / Chatinbaid Village / Jhagradihi Village / Lakhipur Village / Udaypur Village
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043506)
(0.30 MB)
The concept of water productivity (WP) or ‘more crop per drop’ has been revived recently in international water debates. Its application has notably been extended from single crops to mixed farming systems, integrating both crops and livestock, with the wider objective of reducing poverty. Using evidence from the Ganga Basin, India, we discuss the relevance of this concept as a tool to guide interventions for livelihood improvement and poverty alleviation. We argue that WP studies would benefit from greater attention to the role of capitals, inequities and institutions. Firstly, it is crucial to acknowledge the heterogeneity of capitals and capabilities of farmers to make changes in their farming systems and practices and avoid one-fix-all interventions. Identifying pre-existing inequities in water access within and among communities will support better targeting of poor communities. WP interventions can either reinforce or reduce inter-household inequities within communities. We stress the need for assessment of institutional impacts of WP interventions on water access and development.
2 Haileslassie, A.; Blummel, M.; Clement, Floriane; Descheemaeker, Katrien; Amede, Tilahun; Samireddypalle, A.; Acharya, N. Sreedhar; Radha, A. Venkata; Ishaq, Saba; Samad, Madar; Murty, M. V. R.; Khan, M. A. 2011. Assessment of the livestock-feed and water nexus across a mixed crop-livestock system's intensification gradient: an example from the Indo-Ganga Basin. Experimental Agriculture, 47(Supplement S1):113-132. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479710000815]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043518)
(0.35 MB)
Projections suggest that annual per capita water availability in the Indo-Ganga Basin (IGB) will reduce to a level typical for water-stressed areas. Producing more crop and livestock products, per unit of agricultural water invested, is advocated as a key strategy for future food production and environmental security in the basin. The objective of this study was to understand the spatio-temporal dynamics of water requirements for livestock feed production, attendant livestock water productivity (LWP) and implications for the future sustainable use of water resources. We focused on three districts in the IGB representing intensive (higher external inputs, e.g. fertilizer, water) and semi-intensive (limited external input) crop-livestock systems. LWP is estimated based on principles of water accounting and is defined as the ratio of livestock beneficial outputs and services to the water depleted and degraded in producing these. In calculating LWP and crop water productivity (CWP), livestock, land use, land productivity and climatic data were required. We used secondary data sources from the study districts, field observations and discussions with key informants to generate those data sets. Our result showed that the volume of water depleted for livestock feed production varied among the study systems and was highly affected by the type of feed and the attendant agronomic factors (e.g. cropping pattern, yield). LWP value was higher for intensive systems and affected by agricultural water partitioning approaches (harvest index, metaolizable energy). LWP tended to decrease between 1992 and 2003. This can be accounted for by the shift to a feeding regime that depletes more water despite its positive impacts on animal productivity. This is a challenging trend with the advent of and advocacy for producing more agricultural products using the same or lower volume of water input and evokes a need for balanced feeding, by considering the nutritive value, costs and water productivity of feed, and better livestock management to improve LWP.
3 Clement, Floriane; Ishaq, Saba; Samad, Madar; Acharya, N. Sreedhar; Radha, A. Venkata; Haileslassie, A.; Blummel, M.; Dey, A.; Khan, M. A.; Shindey, D. N.; Mit, R. 2010. Improving water productivity, reducing poverty and enhancing equity in mixed crop-livestock systems in the Indo-Gangetic Basin: CPWF project report 68. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 103p.
Farming systems ; Mixed farming ; Water productivity ; Feed production ; Livestock ; Energy consumption ; Gender ; Poverty ; River basins ; Case studies / India / Indo-Gangetic Basin / West Bengal / Haryana / Uttar Pradesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043549)
(1MB)
This CGIAR-CPWF Project was designed and conducted by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), in partnership with international and national partners, to address the relative neglect of livestock water needs of crop-livestock farming systems. The primary objective of this project was to optimize the productive use of water in the crop-livestock farming systems of semi-arid areas to enhance livelihoods, reduce poverty, contribute to gender equity, and protect the environment. This was addressed through an integrated approach led by a multi-disciplinary team across three States of the Ganga Basin.
4 Haileslassie, A.; Blummel, M.; Clement, Floriane; Ishaq, Saba; Khan, M. A. 2011. Adapting livestock water productivity to climate change. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 3(2):156-169. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/17568691111128995]
Water productivity ; Livestock ; Milk production ; Climate change ; Water supply ; Farming systems ; Dairy farms ; River basins / India / Indo-Ganga River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044339)
(0.83 MB)
Purpose – The main purposes of this paper were to assess effects of smallholder farmers access to livelihood capital (e.g. land, livestock and water) on livestock water productivity (LWP) and to evaluate impacts of selected interventions in reducing livestock water demand (per unit of livestock product) and therefore increasing LWP. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 203 sample farm households were selected in intensive and semi-intensive crop-livestock systems of Indo-Ganga basin of India. A household survey was undertaken to capture data on land, water and livestock management. For the analysis, sample farms were clustered into poor, medium, better-off. LWP is estimated as a ratio of livestock beneficial-outputs (e.g. milk) to depleted-water (i.e. evapotranspired water to produce livestock feed). Impacts of selected interventions, on LWP, were analyzed using scenarios developed on a spread sheet model. Findings – The results showed different LWP values among farm-clusters and levels of intensification. The intensive systems showed higher LWP than the semi-intensive. In the baseline, dairy water demand to produce a liter of milk was higher than the world average: ranging between 1,000 and 29,000 L. Among the farm-clusters, variation of LWP was system specific and affected by farmers’ access to virtual water trading (i.e. milk and feed). Improving milk productivity, feed quality and feed water productivity reduced livestock water demand per liter of milk substantially and, therefore, the saved water can be used to augment ecosystem services that can mitigate the impacts of climate change. Originality/value – This paper revealed that in the study systems LWP, in the business as usual scenario, is low. But by improving animal productivity, quality feed supply and water conservation substantial volume of water can be saved.
5 Clement, Floriane; Haileslassie, A.; Ishaq, Saba. 2011. Intersecting water productivity and poverty: lessons from the Ganga Basin. Paper presented at the 13th IASC Biennial International Conference on Sustaining Commons: Sustaining Our Future, Hyderabad, India, 10 -14 January 2011. 25p.
Water management ; Water productivity ; Poverty ; River basins ; Water policy ; Case studies ; Livestock ; Milk production ; Farming systems ; Farmers ; Farmer participation ; Feeds ; Animals ; Equity / India / Ganga Basin / Hisar District / Etawah District / Bankura District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044342)
http://iasc2011.fes.org.in/papers/docs/1241/submission/original/1241.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044342.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044342.pdf
(0.60 MB) (459.93KB)
Increasing water productivity appears at the top of most agricultural water policy agendas around the world. It is usually assumed that gains in water productivity will always directly or indirectly improve livelihoods and reduce poverty through increased water availability, higher food security and agricultural incomes. Whereas many economics studies have established a strong correlation between agricultural growth and poverty, numerous activists in India and elsewhere have increasingly questioned the productivity paradigm. This paper adopts a qualitative approach to investigate some of the links between productivity and poverty through an institutional analysis of livestock water productivity interventions across three districts of the Ganga Basin, North India. We do not pretend giving a comprehensive review of the water productivity / poverty nexus but rather discuss a few prominent issues: the differentiated forms of capitals required to access to water, equity and democratic decentralisation.
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