Your search found 62 records
1 Babu, S. C.; Nivas, B. T.; Traxler, G. J. 1996. Irrigation development and environmental degradation in developing countries - A dynamic model of investment decisions and policy options. Water Resources Management, 10(2):129-146. (IFPRI reprint no.337)
Irrigation management ; Irrigation programs ; Water management ; Environmental degradation ; Environmental effects ; Developing countries ; Conjunctive use ; Mathematical models ; Salinity ; Private investment ; Public investment / India / Pakistan / Indus River Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER, P 4454 Record No: H018493)
2 Lohano, H. R. 1997. LBOD Phase 1 Project: Lessons from the project planning and implementation stages of the project cycle. In Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro; WAPDA (South Zone), Water Wing, Hyderabad, Proceedings. Symposium on Left Bank Outfall Drain (LBOD) Project and its impacts, November 29, 1997. pp.27-32.
Project planning ; Costs ; Project design ; Performance evaluation ; Performance indexes ; Irrigation programs / Pakistan / Indus River Basin / Sukkur Barrage Command / Nawabshah / Sanghar / Mirpurkhas
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.8 G730 MEH Record No: H021577)
3 Sohag, M. A. 1997. The monitoring of a drainage system: LBOD. In Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro; WAPDA (South Zone), Water Wing, Hyderabad, Proceedings. Symposium on Left Bank Outfall Drain (LBOD) Project and its impacts, November 29, 1997. pp.39-44.
Monitoring ; Performance evaluation ; Development projects ; Subsurface drainage ; Surface drainage ; Water quality ; Soil salinity ; Constraints / Pakistan / Indus River Basin / Sukkur Barrage Command / Nawabshah / Sanghar / Mirpurkhas
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.8 G730 MEH Record No: H021579)
4 Khuhawar, T. M. J.; Khuhawar, M. Y.; Mastoi, G. M. 1997. Chemical assessment of water quality at KPOD and tidal link of LBOD Project. In Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro; WAPDA (South Zone), Water Wing, Hyderabad, Proceedings. Symposium on Left Bank Outfall Drain (LBOD) Project and its impacts, November 29, 1997. pp.53-58.
Water quality ; Assessment ; Drainage ; Salinity ; Measurement / Pakistan / Indus River Basin / Sukkur Barrage Command / Nawabshah / Sanghar / Mirpurkhas
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.8 G730 MEH Record No: H021581)
5 Pitman, G. T. K. 1998. The role of the World Bank in enhancing cooperation and resolving conflict on international watercourses: The case of the Indus Basin. In Salman, S. M. A.; de Chazournes, L. B. (Eds.), International watercourses: Enhancing cooperation and managing conflict - Proceedings of a World Bank Seminar. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank. pp.155-165.
River basins ; Watercourses ; Conflict ; International cooperation ; Water transfer ; Irrigation water ; History ; Legal aspects ; Development aid / India / Pakistan / Indus River Basin / Punjab
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 SAL Record No: H023205)
6 Sufi, A. B.; Latif, M.; Skogerboe, G. V. 1998. Simulating skimming well techniques for sustainable exploitation of groundwater. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 12(3):203-226.
Groundwater extraction ; Drainage ; Salt water intrusion ; Recharge ; River basins ; Sustainability ; Wells ; Water quality ; Simulation models ; Computer models / Pakistan / Indus River Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H023573)
(1.52 MB)
7 Wescoat, J. L.; Halvorson, S. J.; Mustafa, D. 2000. Water management in the Indus Basin of Pakistan: A half-century perspective. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 16(3):391-406.
River basin development ; History ; National planning ; Irrigation management ; Groundwater management ; Drainage ; Flood control ; Water supply ; Sanitation ; Environmental effects / Pakistan / Indus River Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H026413)
8 Ahmad, Mobin-ud -Din; Bastiaanssen, W. G. M. 2002. Remote sensing and GIS based analysis of conjunctive water use in the Rechna Doab, Pakistan. In Qureshi, A. S.; Bhatti, A.; Jehangir, W. A. (Eds.), Sustaining surface and groundwater resources: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Conjunctive Water Management for Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture in South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan, April 16-17, 2002. Lahore, Pakistan: IWMI. pp.119-131.
Conjunctive use ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Recharge ; Water quality ; Remote sensing ; GIS ; River basins ; Soil moisture ; Evapotranspiration ; Soil water ; Water balance / Pakistan / Indus River Basin / Rechna Doab
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.1 G570 QUR Record No: H031198)
(0.66)
9 Horinkova, V. 2002. Water institutional arrangements under water scarcity. In Qureshi, A. S.; Bhatti, A.; Jehangir, W. A. (Eds.), Sustaining surface and groundwater resources: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Conjunctive Water Management for Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture in South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan, April 16-17, 2002. Lahore, Pakistan: IWMI. pp.149-155.
Irrigation management ; Water scarcity ; Institutional development ; Organizational development ; Groundwater / Pakistan / Indus River Basin / Rechna Doab
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.1 G570 QUR Record No: H031200)
(0.45)
10 Jehangir, Waqar A.; Hussain, Intizar. (Eds.) 2004. Poverty reduction through improved agricultural water management: proceedings of the Workshop on Pro-poor Intervention Strategies in Irrigated Agriculture in Asia, Islamabad, Pakistan, 23-24 April 2003. Lahore, Pakistan: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). xxvii, 292p.
Water management ; Irrigated farming ; Poverty ; Food security ; Households ; Income ; Drought ; Forest policy ; Natural disasters ; Land ownership ; Groundwater ; Water market ; Water balance ; Legislation ; Tube wells ; Institutional development ; Crop production ; Wages ; Economic aspects ; Tillage ; Water harvesting ; Public policy ; Surface water ; Labor ; Exports ; Public sector / Asia / Pakistan / Indus River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.3 G730 JEH Record No: H035789)
11 Kuper, M. 1997. Irrigation management strategies for improved salinity and sodicity control. Thesis. Lahore, Pakistan; Montpellier Cedex, France; Wageningen, Netherlands: International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI). Pakistan National Program; Cemagref; Wageningen Agricultural University. Department of Water Resources. 238p.
Sodic soils ; Soil degradation ; Groundwater ; Surface water ; Conjunctive use ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation canals ; Flow control ; Irrigation operation ; Distributary canals ; Water delivery ; Mathematical models ; Irrigation management ; Farmer participation ; Crop production ; Linear programming ; Sensitivity analysis ; Simulation models ; Hydraulics ; Farming systems ; Water distribution ; Indicators ; Water allocation ; Salinity control ; Performance indexes ; Case studies / Pakistan / Punjab / Indus River Basin / Fordwah Distributary / Masood Distributary / Eastern Sadiqia / Chishtian Sub-division
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.1 G730 KUP Record No: H021706)
Ph.D. Thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands
12 Sadoff, Claudia W.; Grey, D. 2008. Why share?: the benefits (and costs) of transboundary water management. In Sadoff, Claudia W.; Greiber, T.; Smith, M.; Bergkamp, G. (Eds.). Share: managing water across boundaries. Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) pp.21-35.
Water resource management ; International inland waters ; International cooperation ; Watershed management ; River basins ; Water use ; Water rights ; Benefits ; Stakeholders / India / Pakistan / Senegal / Mali / Mauritania / Indus River Basin / Senegal River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 SAD Record No: H041689)
13 Sharma, Bharat R.; Sharma, Devesh. 2008. Impact of climate change on water resources and glacier melt and potential adaptations for Indian agriculture. Keynote Address at the 33rd Indian Agricultural Universities Association Vice Chancellors’ Annual Convention on Climate Change and its Effect on Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India, 4-5 December 2008. 20p.
Climate change ; River basins ; Water scarcity ; Environmental effects ; Temperature ; Rain ; Drought ; Flooding ; Sea level ; Water resource management / India / Himalaya / Ganges River Basin / Indus River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041717)
http://cpwfbfp.pbworks.com/f/Keynote-Climatechange_BRSHARMA_.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041717.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041717.pdf
14 Khan, Abdul Hakeem; McCornick, Peter; Khan, Asim Rauf. 2008. Evolution of managing water for agriculture in the Indus River Basin. In Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R. S.; van Brakel, M.; Gichuki, F.; Svendsen, M.; Wester, P.; Huber-Lee, A.; Cook, S. Douthwaite, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnson, N.; Nguyen-Khoa, Sophie; Vidal, A.; MacIntyre, I.; MacIntyre, R. (Eds.). Fighting poverty through sustainable water use: proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10-14 November 2008. Vol.3. Water benefits sharing for poverty alleviation and conflict management; Drivers and processes of change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.120-123.
Water resource management ; Irrigation management ; River basins ; Irrigated farming ; Crop production ; Irrigation canals ; Groundwater irrigation ; Constrains ; Reservoirs / Pakistan / Indus River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 HUM Record No: H041859)
http://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/3708/IFWF2_proceedings_Volume%20III.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041859.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041859.pdf
(0.12 MB)
15 Villholth, K. G.; Mukherji, Aditi; Sharma, Bharat R.; Wang, J. 2009. The realities and challenges of contemporary groundwater-based smallholder irrigated farming across the Indus, Ganges and Yellow River basins. In Taniguchi, M.; Dausman, A.; Howard, K.; Polemio, M.; Lakshmanan, E. (Eds.). Trends and sustainability of groundwater in highly stressed aquifers: proceedings of Symposium JS.2 at the Joint Convention of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) and the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH), Hyderabad, India, 6–12 September 2009. Wallingford, UK: International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). pp.89-102. (IAHS Publication 329)
Groundwater irrigation ; Pipes ; Energy consumption ; Wells ; Costs ; Crop production ; Farmers attitudes ; Poverty ; Water market / South Asia / India / China / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Nepal / Indus River basin / Ganges River basin / Yellow River basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042276)
(0.33 MB)
Groundwater has played an increasing role in irrigated farming, livelihood support, poverty alleviation, and national food security in India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal since the advent of the green revolution in the 1960s. This paper presents a synthesis of the results of a cross-regional research effort, based on surveys in more than 60 villages, to map the contemporary realities and constraints of groundwater use and adaptation in irrigated agriculture within smallholder farmer communities across the alluvial plains of the major Indus, Ganges and Yellow river basins in Asia. The results show a general over-exploitation of groundwater resources in Pakistan, western India, and China and relative under-utilization in eastern India and Bangladesh. But more interestingly, and despite its great significance, practically nowhere is groundwater managed in an integrated manner. As a result, its use is sub-optimal where smallholders today employ a range of adaptation and coping strategies to uphold groundwater benefits. The research findings point to various axes along which to identify solutions and focus equitable and sustainable policies and management interventions.
16 Cai, Xueliang; Sharma, Bharat R. 2009. Remote sensing and census based assessment and scope for improvement of rice and wheat water productivity in the Indo-Gangetic Basin. Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences, 52(11):3300-3308. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-009-0346-3]
Remote sensing ; Water productivity ; Cropping systems ; Rice ; Wheat ; Evapotranspiration ; Models ; Mapping ; River basins / South Asia / India / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Nepal / China / Afghanistan / Indus River Basin / Ganges River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042410)
(0.50 MB)
Understanding of crop water productivity (WP) over large scale, e.g., river basin, has significant impli-cations for sustainable basin development planning. This paper presents a simplified approach to combine remote sensing, census and weather data to analyze basin rice and wheat WP in In-do-Gangetic River Basin, South Asia. A crop dominance map is synthesized from ground truth data and three existing LULC maps. National statistics on crop area and production information are collected and the yield is interpolated to pixel level using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Crop evapotranspiration is mapped using simplified surface energy balance (SSEB) model with MODIS land surface temperature products and meteorological data collected from 56 weather stations. The average ET by rice and wheat is 368 mm and 210 mm respectively, accounting for only 69% and 65% of potential ET, and 67% and 338% of rain-fall of the crop growth period measured from Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM). Average WP for rice and wheat is 0.84 and 1.36 kg/m3 respectively. WP variability generally follows the same trend as shown by crop yield disregarding climate and topography changes. Sum of rice-wheat water productivity, however, exhibits different variability leading to better understanding of irrigation water management as wheat heavily relies on irrigation. Causes for variations and scope for improvement are also analyzed.
17 Li, Y. J.; Thenkabail, P. S.; Biradar, C. M.; Noojipady, P.; Dheeravath, V.; Velpuri, M.; Gangalakunta, O. R. P.; Cai, Xueliang. 2009. A history of irrigated areas of the world. In Thenkabail, P. S.; Lyon, J. G.; Turral, H.; Biradar, C. M. (Eds.). Remote sensing of global croplands for food security. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press. pp.13-37. (Taylor & Francis Series in Remote Sensing Applications)
Irrigated land ; History ; Irrigation programs ; Statistics / China / India / Egypt / Peru / Indus River Basin / Tigris River Basin / Euphrates River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.7.1 G000 THE Record No: H042418)
(1.04 MB)
18 Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; McCornick, Peter G.; Sarwar, A.; Sharma, Bharat R. 2010. Challenges and prospects of sustainable groundwater management in the Indus basin, Pakistan. Water Resources Management, 24(8):1551-1569. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-009-9513-3]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042529)
(0.39 MB)
In Pakistan, on-demand availability of groundwater has transformed the concept of low and uncertain crop yields into more assured crop production. Increased crop yields has resulted in food security and improved rural livelihoods. However, this growth has also led to problems of overdraft, falling water tables and degradation of groundwater quality, and yields generally remain well below potential levels. Over the last three decades, Pakistan has tried several direct and indirect management strategies for groundwater management. However the success has been limited. This paper argues that techno-institutional approaches such as introducing water rights, direct or indirect pricing and permit systems are fraught with difficulties in Pakistan due to its high population density and multitude of tiny users. Therefore there is a need to develop frameworks and management tools that are best suited to Pakistani needs. Pakistan should follow both supply and demand management approaches. For demand management, adoption of water conservation technologies, revision of existing cropping patterns and exploration of alternate water resources should be encouraged. For supply management, implementation of the groundwater regulatory frameworks developed by Provincial Irrigation and Drainage Authorities (PIDAs) and introduction of institutional reforms to enhance effective coordination between different organizations responsible for the management of groundwater resources should be given priority.
19 Munir, Sarfraz; Ahmad, Waqas; Hussain, Asghar. 2009. Effect of transboundary water agreements on water and food security of downstream riparian communities: a case study of Indus Waters Treaty. Paper presented at the National Conference on World Water Day, Pakistan Engineering Congress, Lahore, Pakistan, 28 March 2009. 33p.
River basin management ; Conflict ; Treaties ; International agreements ; Irrigation systems ; Food security / India / Pakistan / Indus River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042568)
(0.33 MB)
Transboundary water conflicts are awfully crucial in their nature as they not only endanger the food and water security of the riparian communities but also jeopardize the security and existence of the conflicting nations. Any inappropriate action done by upper riparians directly affects the existence of lower riparians. Therefore they need special care to be dealt with. There are 261 international rivers, covering almost one-half of the total land surface which are shared between two or more nations. The management of international waters has been poorly defined in the international arena. In 1947, after the independence of subcontinent, the Indus Basin was divided into two parts between India and Pakistan. Soon after independence India started to halt the river supplies to Pakistan and closed all supplies to the canals which were crossing the India-Pakistan border. India agreed to restore some of the supplies to Pakistan in May 1948, when quite a pro-Indian temporary agreement was signed. It was, however, generally realized that Pakistan could not live without restoration of the full supplies and on this question there could be no compromise. Direct negotiations between the parties failed to resolve the dispute. Negotiations under the World Bank commenced in May 1952. The World Bank planned to divide Indus Basin Rivers into two parts the eastern rivers, under completely Indian control and the western rivers for unrestricted use by Pakistan. Pakistan was not fully convinced and refused to sign until 1958 but ultimately the Treaty was formalized in 1960 after some necessary modifications. Pakistan, on one hand, was deprived a substantial amount of its waters in the Indus Waters Treaty, but on the other, it also got the right of unrestricted use of western rivers. Pakistan also received some assistance (grants and loans) from the World Bank for construction of replacement works for some water storage and diversions. It is evident that the closure or diversion of river flows in the upstream reaches not only affect the downstream river ecology but also puts the downstream irrigated agriculture at stake. This paper highlights the effects of the IWT on water availability and irrigated agriculture in Pakistan. Study finds that though there are some deprivations of surface waters availability to the Pakistan under the IWT but at the same time there are also some improvements in canal water diversions, which are mainly due to the construction of water storage reservoirs. An increase in the cropped area and crop production also has been observed which owes to many other social, economical and technical factors but all this was not possible without reliable irrigation water supplies.
20 Eastham, J.; Kirby, M.; Mainuddin, M.; Thomas, M. 2010. Water-use accounts in CPWF basins: simple water-use accounting of the Indus Basin. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF). 27p. (CPWF Working Paper: Basin Focal Project Series BFP007)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042845)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/4696/CPWF_BFP_WP_07.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042845.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042845.pdf
(0.54 MB) (552 KB)
This paper applies the principles of water-use accounts, developed in the first of the series, to the Indus River basin in South Asia. The Indus Basin covers 3 countries, rises in the Tibetan plateau in the vicinity of Lake Mansarovar in China. Irrigated agriculture in the Basin is extensive with the construction of dams, barrages, and link canals to distribute water, with modern engineering to support irrigation starting as early as the mid 1800s.
Net runoff is about 10% of total precipitation. Irrigated agriculture covers 20% of the basin and use about 31% of the precipitation. Grassland is the most extensive vegetation, covering 45% of the Basin, consuming about 36% of the precipitation. Rainfed agriculture covers 14% of the Basin and uses about 15% of the water.
Changing irrigation efficiency from the currently assumed 40% to 60% and increasing the irrigated area by 10% has relatively little impact on water availability overall, since the water thus made available can be consumed downstream.
Net runoff is about 10% of total precipitation. Irrigated agriculture covers 20% of the basin and use about 31% of the precipitation. Grassland is the most extensive vegetation, covering 45% of the Basin, consuming about 36% of the precipitation. Rainfed agriculture covers 14% of the Basin and uses about 15% of the water.
Changing irrigation efficiency from the currently assumed 40% to 60% and increasing the irrigated area by 10% has relatively little impact on water availability overall, since the water thus made available can be consumed downstream.
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