Your search found 14 records
1 Qadir, Manzoor; Wichelns, D; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Minhas, P. S.; Drechsel, Pay; Bahri, Akissa; McCornick, Peter G.; Abaidoo, R.; Attia, F.; El-Guindy, S.; Ensink, J. H. J.; Jimenez, B.; Kijne, J. W.; Koo-Oshima, S.; Oster, J. D.; Oyebande, L.; Sagardoy, J. A.; van der Hoek, W. 2007. Agricultural use of marginal-quality water: opportunities and challenges. In Molden, David (Ed.). Water for food, water for life: a Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture. London, UK: Earthscan; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.425-457.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 630.7 G000 IWM Record No: H040204)
(1.53 MB)
2 Jimenez, B.; Asano, T. 2004. Acknowledge all approaches: the global outlook on reuse. Water21, December: 32-37.
Water reuse ; Water scarcity ; Water supply ; Wastewater treatment ; Desalinization ; Drinking water ; Domestic water ; Irrigated farming ; Vegetables / Europe / Asia / Latin America / Mediterranean Countries / Middle East / North Africa / Australia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041392)
3 Keraita, Bernard; Jimenez, B.; Drechsel, Pay. 2008. Extent and implications of agricultural reuse of untreated, partly treated and diluted wastewater in developing countries. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 3(058):1-15.
Wastewater ; Water quality ; Water reuse ; Wastewater irrigation ; Environmental effects ; Health hazards
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 KER Record No: H041633)
4 Jimenez, B.; Drechsel, Pay; Kone, D.; Bahri, Akissa; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Qadir, Manzoor. 2010. Wastewater, sludge and excreta use in developing countries: an overview. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa (Eds.). Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.3-27. (Also in French).
Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Sewage sludge ; Excreta ; Developing countries ; Diseases ; Agriculture ; Crop production
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 DRE Record No: H042601)
(0.23 MB)
After introducing terms and terminology of wastewater, sludge and excreta use, the chapter highlights their global drivers and significance using examples from different parts of the developing world. It is useful in the discussion to differentiate between unplanned use of wastewater resulting from poor sanitation, and planned use which tries to address matters such as economic or physical water scarcity. Both types of wastewater use can have significant socio-economic benefits but also institutional challenges and risks which require different management approaches and, ideally, different guidelines. This diversity makes the current WHO Guidelines, which try to be global in nature, complex to understand and apply. Whilst planned reuse will remain the norm in countries that can afford treatment, most countries in the developing world are likely to continue to use non- or only partially treated wastewater, for as long as sanitation and waste disposal are unable to keep pace with urban population growth. However, there are options to link urban faecal sludge and wastewater management with urban food demands or other forms of resource ecovery that provide opportunities to safely close the nutrient and water loops.
5 Navarro, I.; Teunis, P.; Moe, C.; Jimenez, B.. 2010. Approaches to evaluate and develop health risk-based standards using available data. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa (Eds.). Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.63-88. (Also in French).
Standards ; Wastewater irrigation ; Health hazards ; Risk assessment ; Pathogens ; Helminths ; Ascaris ; Giardia duodenalis ; Public health
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 DRE Record No: H042604)
(0.36 MB)
Information on the dose-response relationship of waterborne and foodborne enteric pathogens is an important component in any consideration of the health risks that may be associated with wastewater, sludge or excreta reuse for food-crop production. The three main sources of information on dose-response relationships are: human challenge studies, animal studies and outbreak investigations. Doseresponse information on four representative enteric pathogens (Norwalk virus, E. coli O157:H7, Giardia lamblia and Ascaris lumbricoides) is presented as examples. In addition to dose-response information, the application of quantitative microbial risk assessment to examine the potential health risks associated with the consumption of food crops irrigated with wastewater or fertilized with biosolids requires information on several factors. These are transmission pathways, occurrence (frequency and concentration) of pathogens in wastewater and biosolids, persistence of pathogen viability or infectivity in the environment and on the food crops, and crop consumption (amount and frequency). Assessments of the risks of Giardia and Ascaris infection associated with food crops in several scenarios are presented and illustrate how WHO Guidelines and pathogen reduction measures (such as produce-washing) may have a significant or negligible impact on reducing the risks of infection associated with food crops irrigated or fertilized with wastewater and biosolids.
6 Jimenez, B.; Mara, D.; Carr, R.; Brissaud, F. 2010. Wastewater treatment for pathogen removal and nutrient conservation: suitable systems for use in developing countries. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa (Eds.). Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.149-169. (Also in French).
Wastewater treatment ; Ponds ; Control methods ; Filtration ; Pathogens ; Helminths ; Nutrients ; Wastewater irrigation ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 DRE Record No: H042608)
(0.17 MB)
This chapter summarizes the main characteristics of wastewater treatment processes, especially those suitable for use in developing countries, from the perspective of their potential to produce an effluent suitable for safe agricultural irrigation; it thus concentrates on pathogen removal and nutrient conservation. Wastewater treatment processes are divided into two principal categories: ‘natural’ systems which do not rely on the consumption of large amounts of electrical energy and which are therefore more suitable for use in developing countries; and conventional electromechanical systems which are wholly energy-dependent and which, if used in low income regions, require high levels of financial investment for their construction and skilled manpower for their successful operation and maintenance. The removal of viral, bacterial, protozoan and helminthic pathogens achieved by the most commonly used natural and conventional treatment processes are detailed, and recommendations are made for process selection.
7 Scott, C. A.; Drechsel, Pay; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Bahri, Akissa; Mara, D.; Redwood, M.; Jimenez, B.. 2010. Wastewater irrigation and health: challenges and outlook for mitigating risks in low-income countries. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa (Eds.). Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.381-394. (Also in French).
Wastewater irrigation ; Public health ; Urban agriculture ; Risk assessment ; Wastewater management ; Governance
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 DRE Record No: H042619)
(0.29 MB)
Wastewater irrigation is a widespread and growing phenomenon that carries varying degrees of risk. Whether spontaneously practiced in urban and periurban agriculture or planned as part of water reuse programmes, food and fodder production using untreated sewage or treated effluent can have serious human health implications for farmers and consumers, and can irreversibly degrade the environment. In low-income countries water pollution is often the result of inadequate wastewater collection and treatment, and unplanned release to receiving water bodies. Making wastewater irrigation safer depends on a location-specific combination of different pathogen barriers including, where possible, appropriate wastewater treatment. Ensuring that these strategies work in an integrated, mutually supportive manner requires a multi-sectoral paradigm shift in the common approach of wastewater management for disposal. Additionally, it is crucial to continue research (especially in developing countries) on the types and severity of risk, locally feasible mitigation options, the cost-effectiveness of safer wastewater irrigation practices compared to other interventions against diarrhoea and facilitating the adoption of ‘non-’ or ‘post-treatment’ options. This concluding chapter presents an outlook for wastewater irrigation by integrating the major findings of the present volume, synthesizing key elements of the current global status and challenges of sanitation and wastewater irrigation with emphasis on the WHO Guidelines. It also highlights wastewater-governance opportunities with the greatest potential to support safe wastewater irrigation that simultaneously address the combined challenges deriving from the global sanitation, water and food crises.
8 Jimenez, B.; Asano, T. (Eds.) 2008. Water reuse: an international survey of current practice, issues and needs. London, UK: IWA Publishing. 628p. (IWA Scientific and Technical Report 20)
Water reuse ; Surveys ; Wastewater irrigation ; Urban agriculture ; Groundwater recharge ; Aquifers ; Public policy ; Economic analysis ; Case studies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.7284 G000 JIM Record No: H043207)
9 Jimenez, B.; Asano, T. (Eds.) 2008. Water reuse: an international survey of current practice, issues and needs. London, UK: IWA Publishing. 628p. (IWA Scientific and Technical Report 20)
Water reuse ; Surveys ; Wastewater irrigation ; Urban agriculture ; Groundwater recharge ; Aquifers ; Public policy ; Economic analysis ; Case studies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.7284 G000 JIM Record No: H043205)
(0.30 MB)
10 Bos. R.; Mara, D.; Bahri, Akissa; Jimenez, B.; Stenstroem, T. - A.; Huibers, F.; Redwood, M.; Kinane, M.; Hamilton, A.; Murray, A.; Nelson, K.; Abaidoo, R.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Tiongco, M.; Razak, S.; Ensink, J.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Kone, D.; Drechsel, Pay; Moe, C.; Buckley, C.; Niang, S.; Scott, C.; Amoah, Philip; Dalahmeh, S.; Cisse, G.; Kone, B.; LeJeune, J.; Karg, H.; Keraita, Bernard; Evans, Alexandra; Zwane, A.; Silverman, A.; Armstrong, J.; Awadzi, D.; Cofie, Olufunke; Schoeffler, M.; Van Rooijen, D.; Mensah, Ernest Abraham. 2008. Accra Consensus: Agenda for Research, Capacity Building and Action on the Safe Use of Wastewater and Excreta in Agriculture. [A public statement]. 2p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043803)
11 Jimenez, B.; Drechsel, Pay; Kone, D.; Bahri, Akissa; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Qadir, Manzoor. 2011. Utilisation des eaux usees, des boues et des excretas dans les pays en developpement: un apercu. In French. [Wastewater, sludge and excreta use in developing countries: an overview]. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa. L’irrigation avec des eaux usees et la sante: evaluer et attenuer les risques dans les pays a faible revenu. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Quebec, Canada: University of Quebec. pp.3-29. (Also in English).
Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Sewage sludge ; Excreta ; Developing countries ; Diseases ; Agriculture ; Crop production
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044458)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Research_Themes/Theme_3/PDF/French%20book.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044458.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044458.pdf
(0.88 MB) (5.96MB)
After introducing terms and terminology of wastewater, sludge and excreta use, the chapter highlights their global drivers and significance using examples from different parts of the developing world. It is useful in the discussion to differentiate between unplanned use of wastewater resulting from poor sanitation, and planned use which tries to address matters such as economic or physical water scarcity. Both types of wastewater use can have significant socio-economic benefits but also institutional challenges and risks which require different management approaches and, ideally, different guidelines. This diversity makes the current WHO Guidelines, which try to be global in nature, complex to understand and apply. Whilst planned reuse will remain the norm in countries that can afford treatment, most countries in the developing world are likely to continue to use non- or only partially treated wastewater, for as long as sanitation and waste disposal are unable to keep pace with urban population growth. However, there are options to link urban faecal sludge and wastewater management with urban food demands or other forms of resource ecovery that provide opportunities to safely close the nutrient and water loops.
12 Navarro, I.; Teunis, P.; Moe, C.; Jimenez, B.. 2011. Approches pour evaluer et etablir des normes fondees sur les risques sanitaires a partir des donnees disponibles. In French. [Approaches to evaluate and develop health risk-based standards using available data]. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa. L’irrigation avec des eaux usees et la sante: evaluer et attenuer les risques dans les pays a faible revenu. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Quebec, Canada: University of Quebec. pp.67-89. (Also in English).
Standards ; Wastewater irrigation ; Health hazards ; Risk assessment ; Pathogens ; Helminths ; Ascaris ; Giardia duodenalis ; Public health
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044461)
(5.96MB)
Information on the dose-response relationship of waterborne and foodborne enteric pathogens is an important component in any consideration of the health risks that may be associated with wastewater, sludge or excreta reuse for food-crop production. The three main sources of information on dose-response relationships are: human challenge studies, animal studies and outbreak investigations. Doseresponse information on four representative enteric pathogens (Norwalk virus, E. coli O157:H7, Giardia lamblia and Ascaris lumbricoides) is presented as examples. In addition to dose-response information, the application of quantitative microbial risk assessment to examine the potential health risks associated with the consumption of food crops irrigated with wastewater or fertilized with biosolids requires information on several factors. These are transmission pathways, occurrence (frequency and concentration) of pathogens in wastewater and biosolids, persistence of pathogen viability or infectivity in the environment and on the food crops, and crop consumption (amount and frequency). Assessments of the risks of Giardia and Ascaris infection associated with food crops in several scenarios are presented and illustrate how WHO Guidelines and pathogen reduction measures (such as produce-washing) may have a significant or negligible impact on reducing the risks of infection associated with food crops irrigated or fertilized with wastewater and biosolids.
13 Jimenez, B.; Mara, D.; Carr, R.; Brissaud, F. 2011. Traitement des eaux usees pour l’elimination des agents pathogenes et la conservation des elements: nutritifs Des systemes adaptes aux pays en developpement. In French. [Wastewater treatment for pathogen removal and nutrient conservation: suitable systems for use in developing countries]. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa. L’irrigation avec des eaux usees et la sante: evaluer et attenuer les risques dans les pays a faible revenu. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Quebec, Canada: University of Quebec. pp.161-184. (Also in English).
Wastewater treatment ; Ponds ; Control methods ; Filtration ; Pathogens ; Helminths ; Nutrients ; Wastewater irrigation ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044465)
(5.96MB)
This chapter summarizes the main characteristics of wastewater treatment processes, especially those suitable for use in developing countries, from the perspective of their potential to produce an effluent suitable for safe agricultural irrigation; it thus concentrates on pathogen removal and nutrient conservation. Wastewater treatment processes are divided into two principal categories: ‘natural’ systems which do not rely on the consumption of large amounts of electrical energy and which are therefore more suitable for use in developing countries; and conventional electromechanical systems which are wholly energy-dependent and which, if used in low income regions, require high levels of financial investment for their construction and skilled manpower for their successful operation and maintenance. The removal of viral, bacterial, protozoan and helminthic pathogens achieved by the most commonly used natural and conventional treatment processes are detailed, and recommendations are made for process selection.
14 Qadir, Manzoor; Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Jimenez, B.; Siebe, C.; Siemens, J.; Hanjra, Munir A. 2015. Environmental risks and cost-effective risk management in wastewater use systems. In Drechsel, Pay; Qadir, Manzoor; Wichelns, D. (Eds.). Wastewater: economic asset in an urbanizing world. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.55-72.
Environmental impact assessment ; Risk management ; Cost benefit analysis ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater irrigation ; Water use ; Agriculture ; Water quality ; On-farm research ; Metals ; Semimetals ; Salinity ; Pollutants ; Nutrients
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H046961)
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