Your search found 6 records
1 Indo-Dutch Network Project (IDNP) 2002. Research on the control of waterlogging and salinization in irrigated agricultural lands: A methodology for identification of waterlogging and soil salinity conditions using remote sensing. Karnal, India; Wageningen, Netherlands: Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI); Alterra-International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement. 78p.
Waterlogging ; Salinity control ; Irrigated farming ; Irrigation programs ; Remote sensing ; GIS ; Mapping / India / Haryana / Gohana / Sonepat District / Rajasthan / Haryana / Andhra Pradesh / Nagarjuna Sagar Project / Gujarat / Surat / Ukai-Kakrapar Command / Hanumangarh District / Karnataka / Upper Krishna Project
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.5 G635 IND Record No: H038965)
2 Venot, Jean-Philippe; Turral, Hugh; Samad, Madar. 2007. The Lower Krishna Basin: basin closure and shifting waterscape in South India. Paper presented at the Sixth Annual IWMI-TATA Partners’ Meet. Institute of Rural Management, Anand (IRMA), 8-10 March 2007. 32p.
Water resources development ; River basin development ; Water allocation ; Canals ; Water use ; Water transfer ; Irrigated farming / India / Lower Krishna Basin / Andhra Pradesh / Nagarjuna Sagar Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G635 VEN Record No: H040583)
Since the 1850s, the Krishna basin has seen an increasing mobilization of its water resources and a dramatic development of irrigation, with little regard to the limits of available water resources. This progressively led to the closure of the basin: surface water resources are now almost entirely committed to human consumptive uses; the increasing groundwater abstraction negatively affects the surface water balance by decreasing base flows, and the discharge to the ocean continues to decrease. The lower Krishna basin, located in Andhra Pradesh, is a deficit sub-basin; it depends highly on inflow from the upper basin and on upstream water uses. It is the first part of the Krishna basin to face the adverse consequences of any hydrological changes. It is also the region of the basin where most of the available water is depleted by human consumptive uses. In times of drought, it is the first region to face severe water shortages and to witness a spatial re-distribution or re-appropriation of water. Taking place on the basis of current political, institutional and geographical forces, this re-appropriation of water raises socio-political questions of sectoral and regional water apportionment within the lower Krishna basin and may be at the origin of conflicts between water users. This paper identifies two main drivers to the lower Krishna basin closure: (i) a long-term trend towards decreasing water availability with a declining surface water inflow due to water development in the upper basin and (ii) a local water over-commitment due to uncontrolled development of private groundwater abstraction and short term management decisions, both at the farmer and command area levels, in the large irrigation projects of the lower Krishna basin. In 1996/2000, 80% of the lower Krishna basin net inflow was depleted and discharge to the ocean amounted to 17.9 km3/yr, defining a moderately modified ecosystem. During the drought of 2001/2004, likely to forecast the future waterscape of the lower Krishna basin, all indicators point to further water resource commitment with a depleted fraction amounting to 98% of the net inflow, a lack of discharge to the ocean and the shrinkage of surface irrigated agriculture. This paper illustrates that local users and managers participate to a large extent in the shifting waterscape of the lower Krishna basin. At the basin scale, this paper shows that both the intra-agriculture and the inter- sectoral distribution of water are being reshaped. In the agricultural sector, the strong political divide among the three regions of Andhra Pradesh and the need to balance rural development among those regions are two of the main driving forces of a shifting agricultural water use. If surface water distribution among large irrigation projects tends to be to the advantage of the politically influent coastal region; the uncontrolled groundwater development mainly benefits the dry upland regions of Telangana and Rayalaseema and is tantamount to a spatial and social redistribution of water impinging surface water use in the lower reaches of the basin. The inter-sectoral distribution of water is also being modified. First, increasing power needs have led to the completion of hydro-power projects which do not yet impact other uses. Second, domestic and industrial needs of urban areas are increasing and are preferentially met. Currently, this is not affecting existing water uses as volumes considered remain marginal but in case of drought it could further deprive agricultural uses in the large irrigation projects located downstream. Third, environmental degradation has led to increasing awareness to recognize the environment as a water user in its own right. This has yet to be translated in formal allocation mechanisms and will point to further water commitment letting very little room for further water resources development. At the local level, this study highlighted a large range of adaptive strategies developed by both farmers and managers in the large irrigation projects of the lower Krishna basin. Strategies include: differential canal supply management, reduction of the cropping season, crops shift, development of groundwater use, etc. Strategies vary both temporally and spatially and reflect the particular political economy of the region studied To overcome the degradation of the resource base and the management difficulties linked to resource over- commitment, this paper underlines that the state has to play a central role in articulating a specific course among different available options through the definition and the implementation of formal effective and adaptive water allocation mechanisms, both in time and space, to allow transparent and sustainable use of available water resources. At present, calls for demand management by the State and international donors are strong but the consideration and implementation of mega inter-basin transfers perpetuates an unsustainable rush towards further resource mobilization and should not be taken as a justification for disregarding other management options that will allow regulating water use notably in the agricultural sector. Finally policies limited to the water sector are unlikely to ease the pressure on the water resources and there is a clear need for strategies and policies that would ensure the rural population to make a successful transition beyond agriculture.
3 Venot, Jean-Philippe; Turral, Hugh; Samad, Madar; Molle, Francois. 2007. Shifting waterscapes: explaining basin closure in the Lower Krishna Basin, South India. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 50p. (IWMI Research Report 121) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.121]
River basins ; Ecosystems ; Protective irrigation ; Irrigation programs ; Water transfer ; Water distribution ; Water allocation ; Groundwater depletion ; Aquifers ; Water scarcity ; Water use ; Drought / India / Lower Krishna Basin / Godavari Basin / Nagarjuna Sagar Project / Kolleru Lake
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9162 G635VEN Record No: H040963)
(789 KB)
Progressive agricultural and water development in the Krishna Basin in South India has led to a rising over commitment of water resources and signs of basin closure are apparent during dry periods. As human consumptive uses are approaching the limits of water availability, this report focuses on the Lower Krishna Basin that bears the brunt of any intervention upstream. Capturing the process of basin closure requires an understanding of the political dimension of access to water and the scope for change. As basin closure intensifies the interconnectedness of ecosystems and water users, adjustments and management decisions result in spatial re-appropriation of water and basin-wide strategies for water management and development that start with the definition and the implementation of water allocation mechanisms are increasingly needed.
4 Venot, Jean-Philippe; Jella, Kiran; Bharati, Luna; George, B.; Biggs, T.; Gangadhara Rao, Parthasaradhi; Gumma, M. K.; Acharya, Sreedhar. 2010. Farmers' adaptation and regional land use changes in irrigation systems under fluctuating water supply, South India. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 136(9):595-609. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000225]
Irrigation systems ; Irrigation programs ; Water shortage ; Water scarcity ; Water availability ; River basins ; Crop management ; Productivity / India / Nagarjuna Sagar Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H043081)
(2.46 MB)
In closing river basins where nearly all available water is committed to existing uses, downstream irrigation projects are expected to experience water shortages more frequently. Understanding the scope for resilience and adaptation of large surface irrigation systems is vital to the development of management strategies designed to mitigate the impact of river basin closure on food production and the livelihoods of farmers. A multi-level analysis (farm level surveys and regional assessment through remote sensing techniques and statistics) of the dynamics of irrigation and land use in the Nagarjuna Sagar project (South India) in times of changing water availability (2000–2006) highlights that during low flow years, there is large-scale adoption of rainfed —or supplementary irrigated- crops that have lower land productivity but higher water productivity, and that a large fraction of land is fallowed. Cropping pattern changes during the drought reveal short term coping strategies rather than long-term evolutions: after the shock, farmers reverted to their usual cropping patterns during years with adequate canal supplies. For the sequence of water supply fluctuations observed from 2000–2006, the Nagarjuna Sagar irrigation system shows a high level of sensitivity to short-term perturbations, but long-term resilience if flows recover. Management strategies accounting for local level adaptability will be necessary to mitigate the impacts of low flow years but there is scope for improvement of the performance of the system.
5 Kakumanu, Krishna Reddy; Kuppannan, Palanisami; Reddy, K. G.; Ashok, B.; Nagothu, U. S.; Xenarios, S.; Tirupataiah, K. 2013. An insight on farmers' willingness to pay for insurance premium in South India: hindrances and challenges. In Gommes, R.; Kayitakire, F. (Eds.). The challenges of index-based insurance for food security in developing countries: proceedings of a technical workshop organised by the EC [European Union] Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), 2-3 May 2012. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. pp.137-145.
Agricultural production ; Insurance ; Farmers ; Weather ; Crops ; River basins / South India / Andhra Pradesh / Krishna River Basin / Nagarjuna Sagar Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046139)
(5.00 MB)
6 Kakumanu, Krishna Reddy. 2015. An insight on farmers' willingness to pay for risk management: a case of weather based crop insurance. In Prasad, J. D.; Gangaiah, B.; Chandra, K. S. Agricultural risk management. Hyderabad, India: BS Publications. pp.202-220. [Based on presentations made at the National Seminar on Agricultural Risk Management: Challenges and Strategies in Making Small and Marginal Farm holdings Sustainable and Profitable, Hyderabad, India, 3-4 January 2014]
Risk management ; Weather hazards ; Crop insurance ; Farmers attitudes ; Farm income ; Agricultural production ; Rice ; Subsidies ; Irrigation programs ; River basins ; Climate change / India / Andhra Pradesh / Krishna River Basin / Nagarjuna Sagar Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046887)
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