Your search found 4 records
1 Davis, B.; Winters, P.; Reardon, T.; Stamoulis, K. 2009. Rural nonfarm employment and farming: household-level linkages. Agricultural Economics, 40(2):119–123.
(Location: IWMI HQ Record No: H041956)
(0.07 MB)
2 Kafle, K.; Benfica, R.; Winters, P.. 2018. Does relative deprivation induce migration?: evidence from sub-Saharan Africa. Rome, Italy: International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). 42p. (IFAD Research Series 21)
Migration ; Living standards ; Measurement ; Household consumption ; Household expenditure ; Migrants ; Poverty ; Socioeconomic environment ; Equity ; Models / Africa South of Sahara / United Republic of Tanzania / Ethiopia / Malawi / Nigeria / Uganda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049176)
https://www.ifad.org/documents/38714170/40236764/21_Research_n%C2%B021_web.pdf/39613ca3-ef3a-48c9-9440-c5de858aba53
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049176.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049176.pdf
(0.67 MB) (684 KB)
This paper revisits the decades-old relative deprivation theory of migration. In contrast to the traditional view that portrays absolute income maximization as a driver of migration, we test whether relative deprivation induces migration in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. Taking advantage of the internationally comparable longitudinal data from integrated household and agriculture surveys from Tanzania, Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria and Uganda, we use panel fixed effects to estimate the effects of relative deprivation on migration. We find that a household’s migration decision is based not only on its well-being status, but also on the relative position of the household in the well-being distribution of the local community. Relative deprivation of wealth was positively associated with migration and migration increased with the absolute level of wealth. These results are robust to alternative specifications including pooled data across the five countries, and the “migration-relative deprivation” relationship is amplified in rural, agricultural and male-headed households. Results imply a need to renew the discussion of relative deprivation as a cause of migration.
3 Kafle, Kashi; Benfica, R.; Winters, P.. 2020. Does relative deprivation induce migration?: evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 102(3):999-1019. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajae.12007]
Migration ; Deprivation ; Household consumption ; Expenditure ; Migrants ; Living standards ; Socioeconomic environment ; Economic aspects ; Models / Africa South of Sahara / United Republic of Tanzania / Ethiopia / Malawi / Nigeria / Uganda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049532)
(0.54 MB)
This analysis revisits the decades-old relative deprivation theory of migration. In contrast to the traditional view that migration is driven by absolute income maximization, we test whether relative deprivation induces migration in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. Taking advantage of the internationally comparable longitudinal data from integrated household and agriculture surveys from Tanzania, Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda, we use panel fixed effects to estimate the effects of relative deprivation on migration decisions. Using per capita consumption expenditure and multidimensional wealth index as well-being measures, we find that a household’s migration decision is based not only on its absolute well-being level but also on the relative position of the household in the well-being distribution of the community in which it resides. We also discover that the effect of relative deprivation on migration is amplified in rural, agricultural, and male-headed households. Results are robust to alternative specifications including the use of Hausman Taylor Instrumental Variable (HTIV) estimator and pooled data across the five countries. Results confirm that the “migration-relative deprivation” relationship also holds in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. We argue that policies designed to check rural–urban migration through rural transformation and poverty reduction programs should use caution because such programs can increase economic inequality, which further increases migration flow.
4 Kafle, Kashi; Songsermsawas, T.; Winters, P.. 2021. Impacts of agricultural value chain development in a mountainous region: evidence from Nepal. Rome, Italy: International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). 33p. (IFAD Research Series 65)
Agricultural value chains ; Farm income ; Small scale systems ; Smallholders ; Market access ; Household income ; Food security ; Dietary diversity ; Resilience ; Rural poverty ; Commodities ; Agricultural prices ; Price indices ; Food insecurity ; Livestock ; Highlands ; Villages ; Minority groups ; Women ; Econometric models / Nepal / Karnali / Achham / Dailekh / Jajarkot / Jumla / Kalikot / Salyan / Surkhet
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050432)
https://www.ifad.org/documents/38714170/42926104/research_65.pdf/74dee600-7e5e-98ea-944d-d5d10bbc0eae?t=1620738318823
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050432.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050432.pdf
(1.65 MB) (1.65 MB)
This analysis investigates the potential mechanism and the practical significance of the impacts of agricultural value chain development in a geographically challenging rural area of a developing country. We use data from a carefully designed primary survey administered in the hill and mountainous region in Western Nepal. Using the inverse probability weighted regression adjustment method, we show that linking small-scale producers with regional and local traders can help increase agricultural income. We unpack the potential mechanism of the impact pathway and show that the increase in agricultural income is a consequence of higher agricultural revenues, owing to a higher volume of sales at lower prices. We argue that value chain intervention in rural areas, where land is not fully exploited, can lead to acreage expansion or crop switching, which eventually results in higher supply at lower output prices. The positive impact on household income is practically significant in that it translated into improved food security, dietary diversity and household resilience. These findings are robust to various specifications. Targeted value chain interventions that strengthen and stabilize small-scale producers’ access to markets can contribute to rural poverty reduction via an increase in agricultural income.
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