Your search found 12 records
1 Muthuwatta, Lal P.. 2004. Long term rainfall-runoff-lake level modelling of the Lake Naivasha Basin, Kenya. Enschede, Netherlands: International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation. Thesis submitted to the International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Water Resources Survey and Environmental Systems Analysis and Management. 71p.
River basins ; Rainfall-runoff relationships ; Models ; GIS ; Hydrology ; Land use ; Stream flow ; Analysis ; Surface runoff ; Soil water ; Groundwater ; Evapotranspiration ; Watersheds ; Water balance / Kenya / Gilgil Sub basin / Naivasha Basin / Malewa Basin / Thurasha Sub basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: D 551.48 G140 MUT Record No: H034740)
Thesis submitted to the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Water Resources Survey and Environmental Systems Analysis and Management.
2 Jayasekare, A. S.; Dayawansa, N. D. K.; De Silva, R. P.; Muthuwatta, Lal P.. 2005. Spatially distributed hydrological modeling of Upper Uma Oya Catchment using soil and water assessment tool SWAT. In De Silva, R. P. (Ed.). Sweden International Training Course on Remote Sensing Education for Educators, Decadal Proceedings 1990-2004: a collection of selected papers submitted by former participants. Peradeniya, Sri Lanka: Geo Informatics Society of Sri Lanka (GISSL) pp.65-85.
River basins ; Catchment areas ; Hydrology ; Groundwater recharge ; Land use ; Planning ; Simulation models ; GIS / Sri Lanka / Upper Uma Oya Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 526.0285 G570 DES Record No: H040879)
3 Muthuwatta, Lal P.; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Bos, M. G.; Rientjes, T. H. M. 2008. Surface energy balance modeling to track water consumption by heterogeneous land uses in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran. In Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R. S.; van Brakel, M.; Gichuki, F.; Svendsen, M.; Wester, P.; Huber-Lee, A.; Cook, S. Douthwaite, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnson, N.; Nguyen-Khoa, Sophie; Vidal, A.; MacIntyre, I.; MacIntyre, R. (Eds.). Fighting poverty through sustainable water use: proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10-14 November 2008. Vol.1. Keynotes; Cross-cutting topics. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.101-104.
River basin management ; Models ; Remote sensing ; Satellite surveys ; Evapotranspiration ; Water balance ; Precipitation ; Water productivity / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 HUM Record No: H041784)
http://ifwf2.org/addons/download_presentation.php?fid=1044
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041784.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041784.pdf
4 Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Islam, Aminul; Masih, Ilyas; Muthuwatta, Lal P.; Karimi, Poolad; Turral, Hugh. 2008. Water productivity mapping to identify opportunities to improve agricultural water management in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran. In Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R. S.; van Brakel, M.; Gichuki, F.; Svendsen, M.; Wester, P.; Huber-Lee, A.; Cook, S. Douthwaite, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnson, N.; Nguyen-Khoa, Sophie; Vidal, A.; MacIntyre, I.; MacIntyre, R. (Eds.). Fighting poverty through sustainable water use: proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10-14 November 2008. Vol.1. Keynotes; Cross-cutting topics. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.119-122.
River basin management ; Water productivity ; Mapping ; Rainfed farming ; Irrigated farming ; Evapotranspiration / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 HUM Record No: H041785)
http://ifwf2.org/addons/download_presentation.php?fid=1042
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041785.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041785.pdf
5 Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Islam, Aminul; Masih, Ilyas; Muthuwatta, Lal P.; Karimi, Poolad; Turral, Hugh. 2009. Mapping basin-level water productivity using remote sensing and secondary data in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran. Water International, 34(1):119-133. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060802663903]
River basins ; Water productivity ; Mapping ; Remote sensing ; Livestock ; Crop production ; Plant water relations ; Water allocation ; Climate ; Catchment areas ; Water use ; Evapotranspiration ; Rainfed farming ; Irrigated farming / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042128)
6 Muthuwatta, Lal P.; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Bos, M. G.; Rientjes, T. H. M. 2010. Assessment of water availability and consumption in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran using remote sensing and geo-statistics. Water Resources Management, 24(3):459-484. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-009-9455-9]
Water availability ; Evapotranspiration ; Precipitation ; River Basins ; Remote sensing ; Water balance ; Irrigated farming ; Rainfed farming ; Land use / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042158)
(0.91 MB)
This study was conducted to assess water availability and consumption in the Karkheh River Basin in Iran using secondary data and freely available satellite data. Precipitation was estimated using geo-statistical techniques while a Surface Energy Balance approach was selected for evapotranspiration estimation. The spatial distribution of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) for the Karkheh Basin has been estimated by use of 19 cloud free Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images, which cover a complete cropping year from November 2002 to October 2003. ETa estimates were compared to potential crop evapotranspiration (ETp) estimates for two predominantly irrigated wheat areas in Upper and Lower Karkheh. Differences were found to be 12.5% and 11.7% respectively. Results of the ETa and precipitation estimates reveal that for the study period, the Karkheh Basin received 18,507 × 106m3 as precipitation while ETa is estimated at 16,680 × 106m3. Estimated outflow from the basin for the study period only is 7.8% of the precipitation and indicates that water is a very scarce resource in the Karkheh basin. The basin has been divided in sub-basins to allow for more detailed analysis and results indicate that water balance closure at sub-basin scale ranges from 7.2% to 0.6% of the precipitation. This suggests that the water balance is sufficiently understood for policy and decision making.
7 Gamage, Nilantha; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Muthuwatta, Lal P.. 2009. The use of medium resolution remote sensing data to compare spatio-temporal variation of irrigation performances and water consumption. In Anderssen, R. S.; Braddock, R. D.; Newham, L. T. H. (Eds.). Proceedings of the 18th World IMACS Congress and MODSIM09 International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, Cairns, Australia, 13–17 July 2009. Canberra, Australia: Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand; Canberra, Australia: International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation. pp.3697-3703.
Irrigation systems ; Canals ; Groundwater ; Conjunctive use ; Performance indexes ; Water use ; Water stress ; Irrigation management ; Policy making ; Equity ; Evapotranspiration ; Remote sensing ; Models ; Monitoring ; Evaluation / Pakistan / Punjab / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042278)
(0.43 MB)
Precise information on irrigation performance and water consumption at field or canal command level is important to irrigation managers and policymakers to make appropriate decisions on water management. Use of irrigation performance indices cum water consumption are the tools make such decisions. Calculate those figures are a challenging task for the past cropping years, that essential to make correct decisions especially in data-scarce regions of Asia and Africa. Similarly, calculation of these above at field or canal command level over large irrigation schemes are laborious, costly, timely inefficient and less accurate. The necessity for these figures is rapidly increasing due to the need to make the correct decisions with the continually rising population and food demand cum declining water availability parallel to climatic change issues.
Accordingly, well established surface energy balance algorithm (SEBAL) technique has been employed in large irrigated areas in Punjab, Pakistan, as a tool to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ETa), i.e., water consumption for the cropping years of 2004/05 and 2006/07. Freely available medium resolute daily MODIS images and hydrometeorological data were used as inputs for the ETa calculation. Under this study irrigation performance indices of equity and adequacy were calculated using actual evapotranspiration and evaporative fraction.
Results show that annual ETa varies from less than 100 mm/year in desert/barren areas to 1,650 mm/year over large water bodies. For cropped areas, the variation ranges from 400 to 1,200 mm per year for both cropping years. In rice-wheat area of Punjab, average ETa of the cropping year 2004/05 is 896 mm, and 971 mm for cropping year 2006/07. In lower and southern Punjab, ETa is low and varies from 805 to 870 mm during 2004/05 and 2006/07, respectively. ETa was further analyzed in depth on a seasonal and canal command basis for a better understanding and shows that an average of 9% more water has been consumed by crops during the Kharif 2007 season while 10% higher consumption was observed for the Rabi 2006/07 season than in the previous 2004/05 cropping year. ETa of the Thal Canal has increased by 44% in the Kharif 2007 season followed by Lower Jhelum Canal with 28%. ETa of Upper Jhelum Canal has also increased by about 20% while that of Panjnad Canal has increased by 22% in the Rabi 2006/07 season. Equity of water consumption in 2006/07 has improved considerably compared to 2004/05 in many canals, especially Central Bari Doab, Bahawal, Thal, Chashma Right Bank, Muzaffargarh and Panjnad, which figured as 2, 12, 11, 7, 8 and 8%, respectively. Similarly, adequacy has also improved in many canal commands in the 2006/07 cropping year when compared to 2004/05. This study demonstrates how a remote sensing based estimation of water consumption and water stress can be combined to provide a better estimation of system and irrigation performance at a variety of spatial and temporal scales that would assist water managers and policymakers.
Accordingly, well established surface energy balance algorithm (SEBAL) technique has been employed in large irrigated areas in Punjab, Pakistan, as a tool to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ETa), i.e., water consumption for the cropping years of 2004/05 and 2006/07. Freely available medium resolute daily MODIS images and hydrometeorological data were used as inputs for the ETa calculation. Under this study irrigation performance indices of equity and adequacy were calculated using actual evapotranspiration and evaporative fraction.
Results show that annual ETa varies from less than 100 mm/year in desert/barren areas to 1,650 mm/year over large water bodies. For cropped areas, the variation ranges from 400 to 1,200 mm per year for both cropping years. In rice-wheat area of Punjab, average ETa of the cropping year 2004/05 is 896 mm, and 971 mm for cropping year 2006/07. In lower and southern Punjab, ETa is low and varies from 805 to 870 mm during 2004/05 and 2006/07, respectively. ETa was further analyzed in depth on a seasonal and canal command basis for a better understanding and shows that an average of 9% more water has been consumed by crops during the Kharif 2007 season while 10% higher consumption was observed for the Rabi 2006/07 season than in the previous 2004/05 cropping year. ETa of the Thal Canal has increased by 44% in the Kharif 2007 season followed by Lower Jhelum Canal with 28%. ETa of Upper Jhelum Canal has also increased by about 20% while that of Panjnad Canal has increased by 22% in the Rabi 2006/07 season. Equity of water consumption in 2006/07 has improved considerably compared to 2004/05 in many canals, especially Central Bari Doab, Bahawal, Thal, Chashma Right Bank, Muzaffargarh and Panjnad, which figured as 2, 12, 11, 7, 8 and 8%, respectively. Similarly, adequacy has also improved in many canal commands in the 2006/07 cropping year when compared to 2004/05. This study demonstrates how a remote sensing based estimation of water consumption and water stress can be combined to provide a better estimation of system and irrigation performance at a variety of spatial and temporal scales that would assist water managers and policymakers.
8 Muthuwatta, Lal P.; Booij, M. J.; Rientjes, T. H. M.; Bos, M. G.; Gieske, A. S. M.; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din. 2009. Calibration of a semi-distributed hydrological model using discharge and remote sensing data. In Yilmaz, K. K.; Yucel, I.; Gupta, H. V.; Wagener, T.; Yang, D.; Savenije, H.; Neale, C.; Kunstmann, H.; Pomeroy, J. (Eds.). New approaches to hydrological prediction in data-sparse regions: proceedings of Symposium HS.2 at the Joint Convention of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) and the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH), Hyderabad, India, 6–12 September 2009. Wallingford, UK: International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). pp.52-58. (IAHS Publication 333)
Hydrology ; Models ; Calibration ; Stream flow ; Evapotranspiration ; Simulation ; Discharges ; Remote sensing ; Rivers ; Catchment areas ; Time series analysis / Iran / Karkheh River Basin / Hoor-Al-Azim swamp
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.48 G000 YIL Record No: H042296)
(0.12 MB)
The objective of this study is to present an approach to calibrate a semi-distributed hydrological model using observed streamflow data and actual evapotranspiration time series estimates based on remote sensing data. First, daily actual evapotranspiration is estimated using available MODIS satellite data, routinely collected meteorological data and applying the SEBS algorithm. Second, the semi-distributed hydrological model HBV is calibrated and validated using the estimated evapotranspiration and observed discharge. This is done for multiple sub-basins of the Karkheh River basin in Iran. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NS) is calculated for each sub-basin. Maximum and minimum NS values for the calibration using observed discharge are 0.81 and 0.23, respectively, and using estimated evapotranspiration 0.61 and 0.46, respectively. The comparison of model simulations with multiple observed variables increases the probability of selecting a parameter set that represents the actual hydrological situation of the basin. The new calibration approach can be useful for further applications especially in data sparse river basins.
9 Muthuwatta, Lal P.; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Rientjes, T. H. M.; Bos, M. G. 2010. Estimating the spatial variability of water consumption in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran - using MODIS data. AQUA mundi, Am02015:115-122. [doi: https://doi.org/10.4409/Am-016-10-0015]
River basins ; Water use ; Evapotranspiration ; Estimation ; Water balance ; Irrigated land ; Remote sensing / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043551)
(1.00 MB)
Spatially distributed actual evapotranspiration (ETa) values were estimated based on satellite data and the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) approach for the Karkheh River Basin, Iran. Nineteen cloud free MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) images, representing a complete cropping year from November 2002 to October 2003 were acquired and processed. Estimated ETa values were verified using sub-catchment scale water balance analysis. The results revealed that during the study period ETa was estimated at 16680x106m3 and that the water balance closure terms at sub-basin scale ranged from 0.6% to 7.2% of precipitation. This implies that water balance is sufficiently understood. Estimated outflow from the basin was 7.8% of precipitation and indicates that water is a very scarce resource in the Karkheh. Rain fed areas consume about 3720 x106 m3/year and are mainly located in the subcatchments of the upper Karkheh while irrigated areas consume 2680x 106 m3/year and are mainly located in the lower areas in the basin. Total water consumption by forest is about 2070×106 m3/year, mainly in the middle parts of the basin. The range lands are scattered mainly all over the Upper Karkheh and together with areas in the Lower Karkheh consume about 3360×106 m3/year. ETa from other land uses is 4110×106 m3/year, of which ETa from open water surfaces is the main contributor. The Karkheh Dam evaporates 80×106 m3/ year while wetlands located in the lower area of the basin evaporate 660×106 m3/year. Satellite data along with the SEBS algorithm and geo-statistical techniques are effective to estimate spatial patterns of water consumption and availability. These facilitate the introduction of diverse management interventions to different areas in the basin based on the real ground situation.
10 Rientjes, T. H. M.; Perera, B. U. J.; Haile, A. T.; Reggiani, P.; Muthuwatta, Lal P.. 2011. Regionalisation for lake level simulation - the case of Lake Tana in the Upper Blue Nile, Ethiopia. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 15(4):1167-1183. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1167-2011]
Lakes ; Water balance ; Catchment areas ; Rainfall-runoff relationships ; Simulation models ; Regression analysis ; Calibrations / Ethiopia / Blue Nile River / Lake Tana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043860)
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/15/1167/2011/hess-15-1167-2011.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043860.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043860.pdf
(1.82 MB) (1.81MB)
In this study lake levels of Lake Tana are simulated at daily time step by solving the water balance for all inflow and outflow processes. Since nearly 62% of the Lake Tana basin area is ungauged a regionalisation procedure is applied to estimate lake inflows from ungauged catchments. The procedure combines automated multi-objective calibration of a simple conceptual model and multiple regression analyses to establish relations between model parameters and catchment characteristics. A relatively small number of studies are presented on Lake Tana’s water balance. In most studies the water balance is solved at monthly time step and the water balance is simply closed by runoff contributions from ungauged catchments. Studies partly relied on simple ad-hoc procedures of area comparison to estimate runoff from ungauged catchments. In this study a regional model is developed that relies on principles of similarity of catchments characteristics. For runoff modelling the HBV-96 model is selected while multiobjective model calibration is by a Monte Carlo procedure. We aim to assess the closure term of Lake Tana’s water balance, to assess model parameter uncertainty and to evaluate effectiveness of a multi-objective model calibration approach to make hydrological modeling results more plausible. For the gauged catchments, model performance is assessed by the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient and Relative Volumetric Error and resulted in satisfactory to good performance for six, large catchments. The regional model is validated and indicated satisfactory to good performance in most cases. Results show that runoff from ungauged catchments is as large as 527mm per year for the simulation period and amounts to approximately 30% of Lake Tana stream inflow. Results of daily lake level simulation over the simulation period 1994–2003 show a water balance closure term of 85mm per year that accounts to 2.7% of the total lake inflow. Lake level simulations are assessed by Nash Sutcliffe (0.91) and Relative Volume Error (2.71%) performance measures.
11 Rientjes, T. H. M.; Muthuwatta, Lal P.; Bos, M. G.; Booij, M. J.; Bhatti, H. A. 2013. Multi-variable calibration of a semi-distributed hydrological model using streamflow data and satellite-based evapotranspiration. Journal of Hydrology, 505:276-290. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.10.006]
Hydrology ; Models ; Calibration ; Stream flow ; Data ; Evapotranspiration ; River basins ; Water balance ; Catchment areas / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046218)
(1.69 MB)
In this study, streamflow (Qs) and satellite-based actual evapotranspiration (ETa) are used in a multi-variable calibration framework to reproduce the catchment water balance. The application is for the HBV rainfall–runoff model at daily time-step for the Karkheh River Basin (51,000 km2) in Iran. Monte Carlo Simulation serves to estimate parameter values and to assess uncertainty for three calibration cases. In case one streamflow is used as the calibration target. In case two satellite-based ETa is used as calibration target. For both cases model performance is evaluated for the second variable that closes the water balance. In case three a preference-based multi-variable objective function is applied which is weighted for Qs and satellite-based ETa. For cloudy days a procedure is developed to complete the daily time series of satellite-based ETa that cover 4 years. Results on multi-variable calibration indicated satisfying results for both water balance terms. Results are compared against field observations and results of single-variable calibration. For cases one and two the second variable only is poorly simulated and resulted in poor reproduction of the water balance. The most important contribution of this work is that the catchment water balance is best reproduced when both Qs and satellite-based ETa serve as calibration target.
12 Madushanka, G. A. T.; Nandalal, K. D. W.; Muthuwatta, Lal P.. 2022. Hydrological modelling for reservoir operation: application of SWAT model for Kalu Ganga Catchment, Sri Lanka. Engineer: Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka, 55(3):29-41. [doi: http://doi.org/10.4038/engineer.v55i3.7519]
Reservoir operation ; Hydrological modelling ; Catchment areas ; Rivers ; Water availability ; Stream flow ; Rain ; Land use ; Soil types ; Parameters / Sri Lanka / Mahaweli System / Kalu Ganga Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051558)
https://engineer.sljol.info/articles/10.4038/engineer.v55i3.7519/galley/6133/download/
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051558.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051558.pdf
(0.64 MB) (654 KB)
Kalu Ganga, a major tributary of Amban Ganga, is one of the perennial rivers of Sri Lanka. Also, Amban Ganga is a major tributary of Mahaweli Ganga. The Kalu Ganga starts from Knuckles mountains, and about 90% of the catchment is covered with forests. The Government of Sri Lanka constructed Kalu Ganga and Moragahakanda Reservoirs in 2014 to increase the water availability in Mahaweli Basin to improve the agricultural and drinking water benefits in several provinces. This study used the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate the hydrology of the Kalu Ganga catchment and estimate the daily streamflow series of the Kalu Ganga. The long-term mean annual flow of the Kalu Ganga at the dam site would be 196 MCM (equivalent to 6.24 m3/s) with a standard deviation of 57.5 MCM and coefficient of variation of 0.29. The mean annual catchment rainfall is 2763 mm, streamflow is 59%, and evapotranspiration is 33% of the rainfall. The Kalu Ganga catchment hydrology is dominated by the wet season rainfall, which governs the Kalu Ganga flow, where 89% of the annual flow volume is produced. Further, 67% of the flow volume is produced from November to January. The model results show that 89% of the annual average of streamflow is generated as baseflow, a feature of a perennial river. The high baseflow fraction is hydrologically favourable for the water availability of the catchment as this shows the utilizable quantity of water is high.
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