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1 German, L.; Mansoor, H.; Alemu, G.; Mazengia, W.; Amede, Tilahun; Stroud, A. 2007. Participatory integrated watershed management: Evolution of concepts and methods in an ecoregional program of the eastern African highlands. Agricultural Systems, 94:189-204.
Watershed management ; Participatory management ; Water users ; Natural resources management / East Africa / Africa South of Sahara / Ethiopia / Kenya / Madagascar / Tanzania / Uganda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G132 GER Record No: H040593)
This paper focuses on the conceptual evolution of watershed management within the context of an action research program operating in the highlands of eastern Africa, as informed by both theory and practice. Following a review of the watershed management literature, and brief program and methodological overviews, the paper explores in detail the concepts of ‘‘participation’’ and ‘‘integration’’ in watershed management. Conceptual and methodological dimensions of the terms are discussed in the context of a watershed implementation process, clarifying how ‘‘watershed issues’’ are defined by local users, how ‘‘stakeholders’’ are defined with respect to those issues, and how participation and integration may be operationalized in practice. Data are selectively chosen from different pilot sites to illustrate how concepts underlying watershed management have been refined, and methods improved. It is clear that ‘‘participation’’ n problem diagnosis and program implementation must move beyond community-level fora to socially- disaggregated processes and explicit management of trade-offs to diverse groups. Secondly, integration does not come about through implementation of parallel interventions, but rather through an explicit analysis of potential trade-offs and synergies of interventions to diverse system components, and strategies to define and reach systems-level goals. Each approach requires attention to ways to optimize returns to diverse social groups and system components while minimizing negative spin-offs. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for agricultural research and development in the eastern African region.
2 German, L.; Taye, H.; Tolera, T.; Tanui, J. 2006. The many meanings of collective action: lessons on enhancing gender inclusion and equity in watershed management. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 37p. (CAPRi Working Paper 52)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043908)
(0.33 MB) (339KB)
Collective action in agriculture and natural resource management is all too often perceived of in terms of the mere number of participants, with little consideration given to who participates, why, and the outcomes of inequitable participation. The literature is replete with cases of how uncritical approaches to participation structure positions of privilege vis-à-vis project benefits and the natural resource base. Yet lessons on how to engage with local communities in ways that promote equitable participation of women, the poor and other stakeholders are only now coming to light. This paper focuses on approaches under development under the rubric of the African Highlands Initiative to bring collective action principles to bear on gender-equitable change processes in natural resource management. The paper utilizes a number of case studies to illustrate the relative strengths and weaknesses of different approaches for enhancing gender inclusion and equity throughout the stages of problem diagnosis, planning and monitoring. The analysis suggests that an arbitrary definition of collective action is insufficient for assessing the relative strengths and weaknesses of different approaches, and that method evaluation should consider the different forms that collective action can take. A typology of different forms of collective action is proposed, and then utilized to assess the relative strengths and weaknesses of different approaches for fostering gender inclusion and equity in watershed management.
3 German, L.; Mazengia, W.; Tirwomwe, W.; Ayele, S.; Tanui, J.; Nyangas, S.; Begashaw, L.; Taye, H.; Teferi, Z. A.; Gebremikael, M. T.; Charamila, S.; Alinyo, F.; Mekonnen, A.; Aberra, K.; Chemangeni, A.; Cheptegei, W.; Tolera, T.; Jotte, Z.; Bedane, K. 2012. Enabling equitable collective action and policy change for poverty reduction and improved natural resource management in the eastern African highlands. In Mwangi, E.; Markelova, H.; Meinzen-Dick, R. (Eds.). Collective action and property rights for poverty reduction. Philadelphia, PA, USA: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp.189-234.
Natural resources management ; Collective action ; Institutions ; Equity ; Poverty ; Highlands ; Investment ; Policy making ; Stakeholders ; Case studies / Africa / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.7 G000 MWA Record No: H045666)
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