Your search found 20 records
1 Ghafoor, A.; Qadir, M.; Murtaza, G.; Ahmad, H. R. 1998. Sustainable reuse of brackish tile drain water for rice and wheat production on a nonsaline-nonsodic soil. In Ragab, R; Pearce, G. (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Use of Saline and Brackish Water for Irrigation - Implications for the Management of Irrigation, Drainage and Crops, Bali, Indonesia, 23-24 July 1998. Jakarta, Indonesia: Indonesian National ICID Committee (INACID) pp.212-218.
Water reuse ; Water quality ; Irrigation water ; Sustainability ; Rice ; Wheat ; Crop yield ; Soil properties ; Economic evaluation / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: ICID 631.7 G000 RAG Record No: H022886)
2 Murtaza, G.; Ghafoor, A.; Ranjha, A. M.; Qadir, M. 1998. Calcium losses during reclamation of medium-textured low CEC saline-sodic soil. In Ragab, R; Pearce, G. (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Use of Saline and Brackish Water for Irrigation - Implications for the Management of Irrigation, Drainage and Crops, Bali, Indonesia, 23-24 July 1998. Jakarta, Indonesia: Indonesian National ICID Committee (INACID) pp.219-224.
Soil reclamation ; Soil salinity ; Sodic soils ; Lysimetry ; Leaching ; Irrigation water ; Soil properties ; Pipes
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: ICID 631.7 G000 RAG Record No: H022887)
3 Qadir, M.; Ghafoor, A.; Murtaza, G.. 1998. Reuse of drainage water for crop production and reclamation of a saline- sodic soil. In Ragab, R; Pearce, G. (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Use of Saline and Brackish Water for Irrigation - Implications for the Management of Irrigation, Drainage and Crops, Bali, Indonesia, 23-24 July 1998. Jakarta, Indonesia: Indonesian National ICID Committee (INACID) pp.225-229.
Soil reclamation ; Soil salinity ; Sodic soils ; Water reuse ; Water quality ; Drainage ; Irrigation water ; Crop production ; Rice ; Wheat / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: ICID 631.7 G000 RAG Record No: H022888)
4 Ghafoor, A.; Rizwan, M.; Murtaza, G.. 2000. Utilization of brackish waters for reclaiming different textured saline-sodic soils having different EC to sodium absorption ratios. In Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA); Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET); International Waterlogging and Salinity Research Institute (IWASRI); International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI). Proceedings, National Seminar on Drainage in Pakistan, Jamshoro, Pakistan, 16-18 August 2000. [Vol. 1] Lahore, Pakistan: Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA); Sindh, Pakistan: Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET); Lahore, Pakistan: International Waterlogging and Salinity Research Institute (IWASRI); Lahore, Pakistan: International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI). pp.121-128.
Soil reclamation ; Soil salinity ; Sodic soils ; Soil texture ; Water quality ; Lysimetry ; Leaching / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 631.62 G730 IIM Record No: H027123)
5 Murtaza, G.; Ghafoor, A.; Qadir, M.; Rasheed, M. K. 2000. Concentration of Cd, Co and Mn in soils and vegetables irrigated with city effluent. In Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA); Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET); International Waterlogging and Salinity Research Institute (IWASRI); International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI). Proceedings, National Seminar on Drainage in Pakistan, Jamshoro, Pakistan, 16-18 August 2000. [Vol. 1] Lahore, Pakistan: Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA); Sindh, Pakistan: Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET); Lahore, Pakistan: International Waterlogging and Salinity Research Institute (IWASRI); Lahore, Pakistan: International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI). pp.177-182.
Salinity ; Sodic soils ; Soil properties ; Analysis ; Vegetables ; Water quality ; Irrigation water ; Effluents ; Water reuse ; Risks / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 631.62 G730 IIM Record No: H027129)
6 Qadir, M.; Ghafoor, A.; Murtaza, G.. 2001. Use of saline-sodic waters through phytoremediation of calcareous saline-sodic soils. Agricultural Water Management, 50(3):197-210.
Water quality ; Irrigation water ; Subsurface drainage ; Groundwater ; Soil salinity ; Sodic soils ; Infiltration ; Crop production ; Crop yield ; Rice ; Fertilizers ; Soil fertility / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H028773)
7 Qadir, M; Boers, T. M.; Schubert, S.; Ghafoor, A; Murtaza, G.. 2003. Agricultural water management in water-starved countries: Challenges and opportunities. Agricultural Water Management, 62(3):165-185.
Irrigation management ; Drainage ; Water reuse ; Water use efficiency ; Pollution control ; Water quality ; Salinity / Egypt / Israel
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H033248)
8 Alam, M. M.; Murtaza, G.; Khan, N. U. 2002. Impact of transition of SCARP tubewells on the availability of groundwater. In Pakistan Water Partnership (PWP). Second South Asia Water Forum, 14-16 December 2002, Islamabad, Pakistan. Proceedings, vol.1. Islamabad, Pakistan: Pakistan Water Partnership (PWP). pp.247-255.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G570 PAK Record No: H034145)
9 Ghafoor, A.; Qadir, Manzoor; Murtaza, G.. 2004. Salt-affected soils: principles of management. Lahore, Pakistan: Allied Book Centre. xxv, 304p.
Soil management ; Soil degradation ; Soil properties ; Soil salinity ; Soil reclamation ; Soil classification ; Models ; Sodic soils ; Evaluation ; Crop production ; Waterlogging ; Irrigation management ; Water quality ; Water resource management ; Soil structure ; Analysis ; Environmental degradation
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.4 G730 GHA Record No: H035523)
10 Ghafoor, A.; Qadir, Mansoor; Sadiq, M.; Murtaza, G.; Brar, M. S. 2004. Lead, copper, zinc and iron concentrations in soils and vegetables irrigated with city effluent on urban agricultural lands. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 52(1):114-117.
Soil degradation ; Effluents ; Water quality ; Irrigation water ; Irrigated farming ; Vegetables ; Public health ; Risks
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7039 Record No: H035592)
11 Alam, M. M.; Murtaza, G.; Hanif, M.; Jaffery, S. H. M. 2004. Design methodology and refined guidelines for managing saline groundwater upconing. In Asghar, Muhammad Nadeem; Yasin, M.; Alam, M. M.; Qureshi, Asad Sarwar (Eds.), Root zone salinity management using fractional skimming wells with pressurized Irrigation: Proceedings of the Project-End Workshop 2003. Lahore, Pakistan: IWMI. pp.15-27.
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Tube wells ; Design ; Pumping ; Water quality / Pakistan / Indus Basin / Mona
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G730 ASG Record No: H036192)
(0.87 MB)
12 Murtaza, G.; Ghafoor, A.; Qadir, Manzoor. 2006. Irrigation and soil management strategies for using saline-sodic water in a cotton– wheat rotation. Agricultural Water Management, 81(1-2):98-114.
Water quality ; Soil salinity ; Sodic soils ; Soil properties ; Soil management ; Cotton ; Wheat ; Economic evaluation / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H038441)
13 Qadir, M.; Ghafoor, A.; Murtaza, G.. 2000. Cadmium concentration in vegetables grown on urban soils irrigated with untreated municipal sewage. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2:11-19.
Vegetables ; Irrigated farming ; Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Sewage ; Heavy metals ; Cadmium ; Soil degradation ; Public health ; Risk assessment / Pakistan / Faisalabad
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7692 Record No: H039575)
14 Qadir, Manzoor; Oster, J. D.; Schubert, S.; Murtaza, G.. 2006. Vegetative bioremediation of sodic and saline-sodic soils for productivity enhancement and environment conservation. In Ozturk, M.; Waisel, Y.; Khan, M. A.; Gork, G. (Eds.). Biosaline agriculture and salinity tolerance in plants. pp.137-146.
Soil management ; Soil salinity ; Sodic soils ; Bioremediation ; Irrigation management ; Grasses ; Wheat ; Millets ; Crop rotation
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.4 G000 QAD Record No: H039759)
15 Qadir, Manzoor; Schubert, S.; Badia, D.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; Murtaza, G.. 2007. Amelioration and nutrient management strategies for sodic and alkali soils. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 2(021).13p.
Soil management ; Soil conservation ; Soil salinity ; Sodic soils ; Soil properties ; Soil fertility ; Tillage
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.4 G000 QAD Record No: H040446)
16 Murtaza, G.; Ghafoor, A.; Qadir, Manzoor. 2008. Accumulation and implications of cadmium, cobalt and manganese in soils and vegetables irrigated with city effluent. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88:100-107.
Effluents ; Wastewater irrigation ; Vegetables ; Water quality ; Heavy metals ; Soil degradation ; Soil properties ; Health hazards / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G730 MUR Record No: H041499)
BACKGROUND: In most parts of Pakistan, untreated city effluent is utilised for growing vegetables around large urban settlements such as Faisalabad. Farmers use it as a source of irrigation water and plant nutrients. However, its continuous use may have serious environmental implications, since it also contains heavy metals. In this study the Faisalabad city effluent was examined for irrigation quality and its impact on irrigated soils and vgetables. RESULTS: Irrigation hazard of the effluent was moderate (electrical conductivity (EC) 1.1–1.7 dS m-1, Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) 5.9–17.4mmol1/2 L-1/2, Residual sodium carbonate (RSC) 1.0–2.1mmolc L-1) at site 1 and strong (EC 3.7–4.1 dS m-1, SAR 16.1–21.8mmol1/2 L-1/2, RSC 4.0–9.1mmolc L-1) at site 2.Mean concentrations of ammonium bicarbonate/diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (AB/DTPA)-extractable Cd, Co andMn at upper soil depth (0.0–0.2m)were respectively 0.080, 0.057 and 217.4mg kg-1 at site 1 and 0.101, 0.076 and 164.1mg kg-1 at site 2. CONCLUSION: The concentrations of Cd and Mn were above the permissible limits but that of Co was below the permissible limit for irrigation. The concentrations of Cd, Co and Mn tended to decrease with increasing soil depth. Accumulation of metals was higher in leaves irrespective of whether leaves were the edible or non-edible component of shoots. Use of untreated city effluent for irrigation without risk assessment and management could be a serious hazard, impacting soil and crop quality and ultimately human health.
17 Murtaza, G.; Ghafoor, A.; Owens, G.; Qadir, Manzoor; Kahlon, U. Z. 2009. Environmental and economic benefits of saline-sodic soil reclamation using low-quality water and soil amendments in conjunction with a rice-wheat cropping system. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 195:124-136. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2008.00350.x]
Cropping systems ; Crop rotation ; Crop management ; Rice ; Wheat ; Plant growth ; Saline sodic soils ; Soil reclamation ; Soil management ; Soil sampling ; Soil properties ; Leaching ; Irrigation water ; Water quality ; Infiltration ; Experiments ; Irrigated farming / Pakistan / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042131)
(0.36 MB)
A combination of appropriate crop rotation(s) and management interventions has the potential to transform saline-sodic soil and water resources from an environmental burden into an economic asset. We carried out 2-year field studies in the Indus Basin of Pakistan to evaluate different irrigation and soil management options of using saline-sodic waters (SSW) and soils for reclamation and for growing salt-tolerant cultivars of rice (SSRI-8) and wheat (SIS-32). These soils have variable levels of salinity and sodicity (ECe 9–44 dS m)1 and SAR 83–319). The treatments on both the sites were the same and consisted of: (1) Irrigation with SSW, (2) Irrigation with freshwater (FW), (3) Soil application of gypsum at 100 % gypsum requirement of soil + SSW (G + SSW), (4) G + one irrigation with SSW and one with FW (G + 1SSW + 1FW), (5) G + two irrigations with SSW and one with FW (G + 2SSW + 1FW), (6) Farm manure at 25 Mg ha)1 each year before rice + one irrigation with SSW and one with (FW FM + 1SSW + 1FW) and (7) FM + two irrigations with SSW and one with FW (FM + 2SSW + 1FW). Rice was grown as the first crop. After harvesting final wheat crop (fourth in sequence), maximum decrease in bulk density and increase in infiltration rate was observed with G + 1SSW + 1FW while FM + 1SSW + 1FW treatment showed higher decrease in pHs and ECe. Significantly the highest decrease in SAR occurred at both sites with G + 1SSW + 1FW. Maximum yields of rice and wheat were generally observed with G + 1SSW + 1FW. The crop yield and economic benefits with treatments showed a positive correlation with that of improvement in soil physical and chemical properties. Overall, the greatest net benefit was obtained from G + 1SSW + 1FW treatment. We also found that the farmers’ management skills were crucial in the overall success in improving crop yields during reclamation of saline-sodic soils. Based on the results of this study, we propose that SSW could be used to reclaim saline-sodic soils by using a rice–wheat rotation and a site-specific combination of soil amendments and water application strategies.
18 Murtaza, G.; Ghafoor, A.; Qadir, Manzoor; Owens, G.; Aziz, M. A.; Zia, M. H.; Saifullah. 2010. Disposal and use of sewage on agricultural lands in Pakistan: a review. Pedosphere, 20(1):23–34.
Heavy metals ; Health hazards ; Water quality ; Sewage ; Soil properties ; Vegetable growing ; Wastewater irrigation / Pakistan / Faisalabad / Peshawar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042869)
(0.14 MB)
Raw sewage is widely used on agricultural soils in urban areas of developing countries to meet water shortages. Although it is a good source of plant nutrients, such sewage also increases the heavy metal load to soils, which may impact the food chain. Management options for sewage contaminated soils includes addition of nontoxic compounds such as lime, calcium sulfate and organic matter, which form insoluble metal complexes, thus reducing metal phytoavailability to plants. In this paper we review the variation in irrigation quality of sewage at different sites and its impact on the quality of soils and vegetables. Although quality of sewage was highly variable at source, yet the effluent from food industries was relatively safe for irrigation. In comparison effluent samples collected from textile, dyeing, calendaring, steel industry, hospitals and clinical laboratories, foundries and tanneries were hazardous with respect to soluble salts, sodium adsorption ratio and heavy metals like zinc, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, cobalt and cadmium. The sewage quality in main drains was better than that at the industry outlet, but was still not safe for irrigation. In general, higher accumulation of metals in fruits and vegetable roots was recorded compared to that in plant leaves. Edible parts of vegetables (fruits and/or leaves) accumulated metals more than the permissible limits despite the soils contained ammonium bicarbonate diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid extractable metals within a safe range. In either case further scientific investigations are needed to ensure safe management strategies. Cadmium appeared to be the most threatening metal especially in leafy vegetables. It is advisable to avoid leafy vegetables cultivation in sewage irrigated areas everywhere to restrict its entry into food chain.
19 Hussain, A.; Murtaza, G.; Ghafoor, A.; Basra, S. M. A.; Qadir, Manzoor; Sabir, M. 2010. Cadmium contamination of soils and crops by long term use of raw effluent, ground and canal waters in agricultural lands. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 12(6):851-856. [doi: https://doi.org/10–290/AWB/2010/12–6–851–856]
Water scarcity ; Water reuse ; Effluents ; Wastewater irrigation ; Cadmium ; Electrical conductivity ; Soil degradation ; Cereals ; Legumes ; Contamination ; Heavy metals ; Chemical analysis ; Surveys ; Canals ; Wells / Pakistan / Faisalabad
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043365)
(0.14 MB)
Water scarcity in agriculture sector forced farmers to use city wastewater without any regard of its quality effects on environment and resultant contamination of soils and plants, particularly with heavy metals. A survey of effluent, tube well and canal water irrigated areas in Faisalabad, Pakistan was conducted to appraise Cd concentration in these waters and soils, and its uptake by cereal and legume crops. Water, soil and plant (seeds, shoot & roots) samples were collected and analyzed for Cd concentration. Results illustrated that wastewater contained 11.0 and 3.7 times higher Cd than tube well and canal waters, respectively. Location-wise the lowest Cd concentration was 0.6 µg L-1 at Bypass Samandari Road (BSR) while the highest was 1.4 µg L-1 at Malkhanwala (MW). Maximum AB-DTPA extractable Cd (0.30 mg kg-1 & 0.248 mg kg-1) was found in soil samples collected from 0-15 cm depths at Uchkera and Ghulam Muhammad Abad (GMA), respectively. It was the lowest (0.04 mg kg-1) in soil samples collected from Chak No. 235/RB (C235) location. Long term effluent irrigation resulted in 248 and 260% increase in Cd contents at 0-15 cm depth of soils compared to tube well and canal waters irrigated soils, respectively. In all the cases, Cd was within safe limits. About 70% of the metal was deposited in upper 30 cm layers. Seeds of effluent irrigated chickpea acquired the highest concentration of Cd (0.177 mg kg-1), while was the lowest in wheat seeds (0.034 mg kg-1). Concentration of Cd was higher in mungbean shoots (0.62 mg kg-1) than in wheat shoots. The order for Cd concentration in seeds was chickpea > maize > mungbean > wheat for wastewater irrigated crops. Similar trend of Cd concentration was observed in tube well and canal waters irrigated crops.
20 Qadir, Manzoor; Quillerou, E.; Nangia, V.; Murtaza, G.; Singh, M.; Thomas, R. J.; Drechsel, Pay; Noble, Andrew D. 2014. Economics of salt-induced land degradation and restoration. Natural Resources Forum, 38:282-295. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.12054]
Land degradation ; Land reclamation ; Land reform ; Soil salinity ; Economic aspects ; Costs ; Irrigated land ; Crop yield
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046675)
(0.14 MB)
Food security concerns and the scarcity of new productive land have put productivity enhancement of degraded lands back on the political agenda. In such a context, salt-affected lands are a valuable resource that cannot be neglected nor easily abandoned even with their lower crop yields, especially in areas where significant investments have already been made in irrigation and drainage infrastructure. A review of previous studies shows a very limited number of highly variable estimates of the costs of salt-induced land degradation combined with methodological and contextual differences. Simple extrapolation suggests that the global annual cost of salt-induced land degradation in irrigated areas could be US$ 27.3 billion because of lost crop production. We present selected case studies that highlight the potential for economic and environmental benefits of taking action to remediate salt-affected lands. The findings indicate that it can be cost-effective to invest in sustainable land management in countries confronting salt-induced land degradation. Such investments in effective remediation of salt-affected lands should form part of a broader strategy for food security and be defined in national action plans. This broader strategy is required to ensure the identification and effective removal of barriers to the adoption of sustainable land management, such as perverse subsidies. Whereas reversing salt-induced land degradation would require several years, interim salinity management strategies could provide a pathway for effective remediation and further showcase the importance of reversing land degradation and the rewards of investing in sustainable land management.
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