Your search found 6 records
1 Ortiz, R.; Ekanayake, IL JL; Mahalakshmi, V.; Kamara, A.; Menkir, A.; Nigam, S. N.; Singh, B. B.; Saxena, N. P. 2002. Development of drought-resistant and water-stress tolerant crops through traditional breeding. In Yajima, M.; Okada, K.; Matsumoto, N. (Eds.), Water for sustainable agriculture in developing regions û More crop for every scarce drop: Proceedings of the 8th JIRCAS International Symposium, Tsukuba, 27-28 November 2001. Ibaraki, Japan: JIRCAS. pp.11-21.
Water stress ; Drought ; Plant propagation ; Cereals ; Maize ; Groundnuts ; Oil plants ; Crop production ; Sprinkler irrigation / Africa
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.2 G000 YAJ Record No: H031509)
2 Kamara, A.; Swallow, B.; Kirk, M. 2002. Role of policies and development interventions in pastoral resource management: the Borana rangelands in southern Ethiopia. Nairobi, Kenya: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). vii, 34p. (ILRI Socio-economics and Policy Research Working Paper 53)
Grassland management ; Peasant workers ; Institutional development ; Policy ; Drought ; Land use / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 636 G136 KAM Record No: H032442)
(2.12 MB)
The Borana rangelands of southern Ethiopia are characterised by extensive livestock production in response to the area’s natural characteristics - aggregate mean rainfall ranges between 300 and 900 mm per annum with high seasonal and inter-annual variability. Though traditionally transhumant pastoralists, the Boranas have recently increased their reliance on crops, with evidence of communal pastures becoming either privatised, or accessible to only a small sub-group of individuals or households. Built on earlier quantitative assessment of the socio-economic drivers of the above changes, this paper focuses on the role of national level policies implemented in the area over the past decades, and how these have affected the traditional institutional setting that determines land use, property rights and pathways of livestock development. Intensive literature review was combined with in-depth key informant and group interviews to identify key policies and interventions, assess their impacts and explore the responses and strategies adopted at both individual and community levels to cope with the changing situation. While acknowledging the role of demographic and market forces as highlighted in the quantitative assessment, the paper concludes that different pathways from transhumant pastoralism have been shaped by policies and external interventions.
3 McCarthy, N.; Kamara, A.; Kirk, M. 2003. Co-operation in risky environments: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia. Journal of African Economies, 12(2):236-270.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 338.1 G136 McC Record No: H032529)
The semi-arid and arid rangelands of Sub-Saharan Africa are characterized by high variability and by heavy reliance of herders on access to common resources, predominantly pasture and water. In these systems, the capacity of the community to co-operate over resource management is critical and the effectiveness of management has a direct impact on exploitation rates and land allocation patterns. In this paper, we develop a model to capture the impact of climatic variability on capacity to co-operate and on resulting land use and allocation patterns, and apply the model to data collected from communities located on the Borana Plateau in southern Ethiopia. Results indicate that rainfall variability has a negative impact on stock densities, consistent with risk-averse producer behavior, but has no statistically significant impact on land allocation patterns in this marginal area. Furthermore, co-operation has a direct negative impact on stock densities and land allocated to private pastures. The results support the hypothesis that individual incentives to overgraze and encroach on common pastures can be mitigated in communities with high co-operative capacity.
4 Kamara, A.; Sally, H. 2003. Water for food, livelihoods and nature: Simulations for policy dialogue in South Africa. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 28:1085-1094.
(Location: IWMI-SA Call no: IWMI 333.91 G178 KAM Record No: H030725)
5 Adeoti, A.; Barry, Boubacar; Namara, Regassa; Kamara , A.. 2009. The impact of treadle pump irrigation technology adoption on poverty in Ghana. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 15(4):357-369.
Manual pumps ; Irrigation equipment ; Irrigated farming ; Crop production ; Farm income ; Poverty / Africa South of Sahara / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043203)
(0.18 MB)
Treadle pump (TP) technology has been promoted by Enterprise Works in West Africa as an alternative to the traditional rope and bucket irrigation. The aim is to improve output and incomes and reduce poverty among farm households. This paper reports a short term (two years) assessment of the dynamics of its adoption and impacts, with a special focus on poverty reduction. Data used were from primary surveys of adopters and non-adopters of treadle pumps in two regions of Ghana. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary and production function analysis. The results of the study reveal that time and labor savings for irrigation were the major attractive features of the treadle pump for those who adopted it. The difference in net income between adopters and non-adopters was about US$393 per hectare, with an increase in land and labor productivities. About 21% stopped the use of the treadle pump because it broke down, while about 10% shifted to motorized pumping. The study shows that adoption of treadle pumps reduces poverty. It is recommended that increased collaboration with local institutions, such as extension services, will improve the transfer of treadle pump technology to farmers. After-sales service and training of farmers on repairs could reduce treadle pump abandonment. This paper is original as it compares the factors that affect adoption and non-adoption of treadle pumps. It also reveals reasons for abandonment. A multivariate analysis was used to examine the productivity impact of adoption.
6 Salami, A.; Stampini, M.; Kamara, A.; Sullivan, C.; Namara, Regassa. 2011. Development aid and access to water and sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa. Tunis, Tunisia: African Development Bank (AfDB). 37p. (African Development Bank Working Paper 140)
Water resources ; Water policy ; Drinking water ; Water supply ; Sanitation ; Development aid ; Development projects ; Development banks ; Indicators ; Case studies ; Economic aspects / Sub-Saharan Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045701)
(1.43MB)
Providing safe drinking water and basic sanitation to citizens is one of the major challenges facing the African Governments. The issues of access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation is well articulated and prioritized in the various national, continental, and international policy documents, strategy papers, declarations, and conventions. And yet it is not clear if the provision of sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation has been given the requisite financial and other support by the SSA policy makers and donors. The principal objective of this paper is to compare countries’ performance in the water and sanitation sector and analyze how effectively they used the development aid received for the Water and Sanitation sector (WSS). Much has been written on Development Aid Effectiveness, but the focus of attention has often been on how the donors operate, and how the recipients use the money. In this context, the paper utilised an innovative standardized measurement framework known as-the Watsan Index of Development Effectiveness (WIDE) - which compares drivers of progress with results achieved, and ranks African countries by the level of outcome obtained per unit of available input. In particular, how effectively they used the development aid received for the water and sanitation sector. The WIDE is made up of two composite information layers, the Resources (input drivers such as aid received, GDP, water resources, and governance level), and the Progress Outcomes (access to water, access to sanitation, and progress in the two). We also performed econometric analyses to explore the linkages between interventions designed to promote development, and the outcomes from that development process, in the water and sanitation sector. These analyses were further validated by presentation of the WSS sector situation of four case study countries namely, Kenya, Madagascar, Burkina Faso and Uganda.
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