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(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 RAS Record No: H021077)
(4.00 MB)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H024818)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H031600)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H037850)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 614.532 G136 LAU Record No: H040357)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042156)
(0.35 MB)
7 Lautze, J.; Kirshen, P.. 2007. Dams, health, and livelihoods: lessons from the Senegal, suggestions for Africa. International Journal of River Basin Management, 5(3):199-206.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042583)
(0.18 MB)
Efforts in previous decades, largely culminating in the release of the World Commission on Dams Report [44], have engendered a more circumspect approach to dam construction and operations – one which incorporates consideration for the environment, health, equity, stakeholders, and livelihoods. Such integration nevertheless often remains at a rhetorical level, preventing tangible incorporation of these factors into Decision Support Tools (DSTs) for water management at a basin or sub-basin level. This paper uses the experience of the Senegal River Basin (SRB) to generate suggestions for how public health and smallholder livelihood concerns can be explicitly and quantitatively incorporated into dam planning and operations decisions in Africa’s other basins. The study examines the operational tradeoffs made among livelihoods, health, and more conventional water needs such as irrigation and hydropower in SRB water management strategies over the last two decades. The examination of these tradeoffs is used to develop common health and economic metrics to aid water management decisions. In conclusion, suggestions are made for how utilization of these common metrics can enable DSTs in Africa’s other basins to incorporate public health and smallholder livelihood parameters into dam planning and operations decisions.
8 Raskin, P.; Gleick, P.; Kirshen, P.; Pontius, G.; Strzepek, K. 1997. Water futures: assessment of long-range patterns and problems. Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). 77p. (Comprehensive Assessment of the Freshwater Resources of the World - Background Report 3)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 RAS Record No: H043892)
(0.11 MB)
Water requirements to the year 2025 at regional and national levels are examined in order to assess emerging problems of stress on freshwater resources. Long-range water patterns will be governed by future factors such as population, economic scale and structure, technology, consumption patterns, agricultural practices and policy approaches. This study focuses on Conventional Development Scenarios which are driven by: 1) commonly used demographic and economic projections, 2) a convergence hypothesis that developing region consumption and production practices will evolve in a globalizing economy toward those of industrialised regions, 3) an assumption of gradual technological advance without major surprises, and 4) the absence of major policy changes affecting water needs or use. The scenarios show a rapid increase in water requirements, especially in developing regions. Several indices are introduced for assessing the level of future water vulnerability at the country level. These include the use-to-resource ratio, a gauge of average overall pressure on water resources and threats to aquatic ecosystems; coefficient of variation of precipitation, a measure of hydrological fluctuations; storage-to-flow ratio, an indicator of the capacity of infrastructure to mute such fluctuation; and import dependence, an index of reliance on inflows from external water sources. To supplement these physical indices of vulnerability, a socio-economic coping capacity index (average future income) represents a country's ability to endure emerging water problems and uncertainties. Together, the indices are used to signal changing water vulnerability for each country as the scenarios unfold. The information is capsulated in a series of "water stress" maps.
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