Your search found 12 records
1 Fang, S.; Chen, X.; Zhou, C.; Li, H.. 1991. Study on monitoring and forecast of soil salinity control. In ICID, The Special Technical Session: Proceedings, Beijing, China, April 1991. Vol.1-C: Irrigation management. New Delhi, India: ICID. pp.220-233.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: ICID 631.7 G000 ICI Record No: H014929)
2 Li, H.; Jiao, J. J. 2002. Analytical solutions of tidal groundwater flow in coastal two-aquifer system. Advances in Water Resources, 25(4):417-426.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H030351)
3 Li, H.; Jiao, J. J. 2003. Influence of the tide on the mean watertable in an unconfined, anisotropic, inhomogeneous coastal aquifer. Advances in Water Resources, 26(1):9-16.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H031607)
4 Li, H.; Xia, Y.; Geng, X. 2013. Hydrogeology and hydrochemistry along two transects in mangrove tidal marshes at Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve, Hainan, China. In Wetzelhuetter, C. (Ed.). Groundwater in the coastal zones of Asia-Pacific. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.11-25. (Coastal Research Library Volume 7)
Hydrogeology ; Geochemistry ; Mangroves ; Nature reserves ; Water table ; Water quality ; Ecosystems ; Rivers ; Wells ; Salinity / China / Hainan / Yanzhoy River / Sanjiang River / Yanfeng River / Xi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.457 G570 WET Record No: H046326)
Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve is the largest mangrove forest nature reserve in China, holds the most abundant mangrove species, and has been giving the best preservation. However, bald mud beaches were found among the mangrove marshes in the reserve. In order to investigate the environmental characteristics behind this phenomenon, the intertidal zones of a mangrove transect and a bald beach transect with similar topography and tidal actions were selected for comparison study. Several monitoring wells were installed along the two transects for in-situ measurements of pH, ORP, salinity and temperature of groundwater. Groundwater samples were collected for lab analysis as well. The results showed that pH values of the mangrove transect were higher than that of the bald beach transect, ORP measurements indicated that the mangrove transect had an oxidizing environment and the bald beach transect has a reducing environment. Lab analysis showed that the concentrations of anions (Cl-, SO4 2-, Br-) and cations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+) of water sampled from the bald each transect were much higher than that of the mangrove beach transect. Along both transects, observed water table variations were significant in the high and low intertidal zones and negligible in the middle intertidal zones. The observed groundwater salinity was significantly smaller along the mangrove transect than along the bald beach transect. Previously published analysis concluded that the two transects have a mud-sand two-layered structure: a surface zone of low-permeability mud and an underlying high-permeability zone that outcrops at the high and low tide lines. The freshwater recharge from inland is considerable along the mangrove transect but negligible along the bald beach transect, this may explain the lower concentrations of salt and regular ions along the mangrove transect than along the bald beach transect. This comparative study of hydrogeology and hydrochemistry along the two transects would provide ecological implications on the restoration, protection and management of mangrove ecosystems.
5 Li, H.; Xu, C.-Y.; Beldring, S.; Tallaksen, L. M.; Jain, S. K. 2016. Water resources under climate change in Himalayan basins. Water Resources Management, 30(2):843-859. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-015-1194-5]
Climate change ; Water resources ; Forecasting ; Hydrology ; Glaciers ; Models ; River basins ; Runoff ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Population growth ; Uncertainty / India / Bhutan / Himalayan Basin / Chamkhar Chhu Basin / Beas Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047756)
(1.58 MB)
Climate change has significant implications for glaciers and water resources in the Himalayan region. There is an urgent need to improve our current knowledge and methods in quantifying changes in water resources in this region. This study uses an integrated approach that couples a hydrological model and a glacier retreat model to assess the future water resources for two Himalayan basins. They are the Chamkhar Chhu basin in Bhutan (Eastern Himalayas) and the Beas basin in India (Western Himalayas). The future climate is simulated by two Regional Climate Models (RCMs) for south Asia under three Representative Concentration Pathways (Rcp2.6, Rcp4.5 and Rcp8.5). The six climate projections for the period 2010–2100 indicate significant warming effects; however, projected changes in precipitation are not consistent. Discrepancies in precipitation are noteworthy between the RCMs and greenhouse gases emissions scenarios. The glaciers in the Chamkhar Chhu basin are predicted to disappear or reduce to a small size before the 2050s, whereas the glaciers in the Beas basin are expected to lose mass before the 2060s, and afterwards to gain mass under Rcp2.6 and Rcp4.5, or to melt at a high rate under Rcp8.5. The available water resources per capita of two basins are projected to decrease in the period 2010–2050. The decreasing water resources are jointly induced by climate change and population growth. The latter is responsible for roughly 40 % of the water declines. Both basins are facing water shortages at present and the water shortages will intensify in the future.
6 Song, P.; Zheng, X.; Li, Y.; Zhang, K.; Huang, J.; Li, H.; Zhang, H.; Liu, L.; Wei, C.; Mansaray, L. R.; Wang, D.; Wang, X. 2020. Estimating reed loss caused by locusta migratoria manilensis using UAV [Unmanned Aerial Vehicle] -based hyperspectral data. Science of the Total Environment, 719:137519. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137519]
Crop losses ; Estimation ; Locusta migratoria ; Unmanned aerial vehicles ; Monitoring ; Forecasting ; Models ; Satellite observation ; Remote sensing ; Vegetation index / China / Kenli / Dongying / Shandong
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049853)
(3.89 MB)
Locusta migratoria manilensis has caused major damage to vegetation and crops. Quantitative evaluation studies of vegetation loss estimation from locust damage have seldom been found in traditional satellite-remote-sensing-based research due to insufficient temporal-spatial resolution available from most current satellite-based observations. We used remote sensing data acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) over a simulated Locusta migratoria manilensis damage experiment on a reed (Phragmites australis) canopy in Kenli District, China during July 2017. The experiment was conducted on 72 reed plots, and included three damage duration treatments with each treatment including six locust density levels. To establish the appropriate loss estimation models after locust damage, a hyperspectral imager was mounted on a UAV to collect reed canopy spectra. Loss components of six vegetation indices (RVI, NDVI, SAVI, MSAVI, GNDVI, and IPVI) and two “red edge” parameters (Dr and SDr) were used for constructing the loss estimation models. Results showed that: (1) Among the six selected vegetation indices, loss components of NDVI, MSAVI, and GNDVI were more sensitive to the variation of dry weight loss of reed green leaves and produced smaller estimation errors during the model test process, with RMSEs ranging from 8.8 to 9.1 g/m;. (2) Corresponding model test results based on loss components of the two selected red edge parameters yielded RMSEs of 27.5 g/m2 and 26.1 g/m2 for Dr and SDr respectively, suggesting an inferior performance of red edge parameters compared with vegetation indices for reed loss estimation. These results demonstrate the great potential of UAV-based loss estimation models for evaluating and quantifying degree of locust damage in an efficient and quantitative manner. The methodology has promise for being transferred to satellite remote sensing data in the future for better monitoring of locust damage of larger geographical areas.
7 Zhou, X.; Zhang, Y.; Sheng, Z.; Manevski, K.; Andersen, M. N.; Han, S.; Li, H.; Yang, Y. 2021. Did water-saving irrigation protect water resources over the past 40 years? a global analysis based on water accounting framework. Agricultural Water Management, 249:106793. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106793]
Water conservation ; Irrigation water ; Water accounting ; Irrigation efficiency ; Water use efficiency ; Technology ; Estimation ; Water resources ; Water extraction ; Irrigated land ; Evapotranspiration ; Satellites
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050288)
(11.70 MB)
Water-saving technologies have long been seen as an effective method to reduce irrigation water use and alleviate regional water shortage. However, growing reports of more severe water shortage and increasing application of water-saving technologies across the world have necessitated reassessment of agricultural water-saving. This study develops a simple method based on satellite-based ET partitions to estimate water withdrawal, water consumption and return flow from the 1980s to 2010s, and quantifies water-savings across globe and four hot-spot irrigated areas at both field and regional scales based on water accounting framework. The results show that global irrigation water flows keep increasing from the 1980s to 2010s, with over 50% increase from the expansion in irrigated lands. While water-saving technologies are found mainly applied in originally old irrigated lands, traditional flooding irrigation is still dominant in newly-developed irrigated lands. Non-beneficial water consumption (soil evaporation) is effectively reduced by water-saving technologies, but return flow has increased at the same time. At field scale, water-saving technologies fail to save water because the accumulated increased return flow is more than the accumulated decreased non-beneficial water consumption. At regional scale, however, water is saved because the return flow percolated to fresh aquifers is seen as beneficial rather than loss. At the same time, the accumulated increase of beneficial water consumption (crop transpiration) exceeds regional water savings, which explains the paradox between wide application of water-saving technologies and more severe regional water shortage. This study provides key new evidence for the paradox of irrigation efficiency and helps reconsidering water-saving technologies and their impacts on regional water resources.
8 Li, M.; Li, H.; Fu, Q.; Liu, D.; Yu, L.; Li, T. 2021. Approach for optimizing the water-land-food-energy nexus in agroforestry systems under climate change. Agricultural Systems, 192:103201. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103201]
Water resources ; Land resources ; Food security ; Energy ; Nexus ; Agroforestry systems ; Climate change ; Water allocation ; Water supply ; Water use efficiency ; Irrigation water ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Carbon footprint ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Models / China / Heilongjiang
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050518)
(6.00 MB)
CONTEXT: Agroforestry systems are widely promoted for their economic and environmental benefits. Food, energy, water and land resources in agroforestry systems are inextricably intertwined and expected to be severely impacted by climate change. Socioeconomic development and increasing populations have posed unique challenges for meeting the demand for food, energy, water and land, and the challenge will become more pressing under projected resource shortages and eco-environmental deterioration. Thus, a method of optimizing and sustainably managing the water-land-food-energy nexus in agroforestry systems under climate change must be developed.
OBJECTIVE: This paper develops an optimization model framework for the sustainable management of limited water-land-food-energy resources in agroforestry systems under climate change. The aims are to (1) quantify the interactions and feedbacks within water, land, food and energy subsystems; (2) provide trade-offs among water and energy utilization efficiency, economic benefits and environmental protection in agroforestry systems; and (3) generate optimal policy options among water and land resources for different crops and woodlands in different regions under different climate change patterns.
METHODS: The model framework is based on multiobjective fractional programming, and compromise programming is used to solve it. Climate change patterns are obtained from atmospheric circulation models and representative concentration pathways. The above aims are investigated through an actual nexus management problem in northeast China. Spatiotemporal meteorological and report-based databases, life cycle assessments, Pearson correlation analyses, data envelopment analyses and analytic hierarchy processes are integrated to realize practical application.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results show that climate variation will change the water and land allocation patterns and these changes will be more pronounced for major grain-producing areas. The optimized water allocation decreased (especially for rice, e.g., the optimal average value of the irrigation quota of rice was 4226 m3/ha, while the corresponding actual irrigation requirement of rice was [4200–7200] m3/ha) to improve the water use efficiency, and surface water allocation accounted for two-thirds. Maize had the largest planting area, although planting soybean generated the most greenhouse gases (greenhouse gas emissions from field activities for rice, maize, and soybean were 43.46%, 84.06% and 91.16%, respectively); However, these gases can be absorbed by forests. The model improved the harmonious degree of the resource-economy-environment system from 0.24 to 0.56 after optimization.
SIGNIFICANCES: Integrated models contribute to the sustainable management of water, food, energy and land resources and can consider the complex dynamics under climate change. It can be used as a general model and extended to other agroforestry systems that show inefficient agricultural production.
OBJECTIVE: This paper develops an optimization model framework for the sustainable management of limited water-land-food-energy resources in agroforestry systems under climate change. The aims are to (1) quantify the interactions and feedbacks within water, land, food and energy subsystems; (2) provide trade-offs among water and energy utilization efficiency, economic benefits and environmental protection in agroforestry systems; and (3) generate optimal policy options among water and land resources for different crops and woodlands in different regions under different climate change patterns.
METHODS: The model framework is based on multiobjective fractional programming, and compromise programming is used to solve it. Climate change patterns are obtained from atmospheric circulation models and representative concentration pathways. The above aims are investigated through an actual nexus management problem in northeast China. Spatiotemporal meteorological and report-based databases, life cycle assessments, Pearson correlation analyses, data envelopment analyses and analytic hierarchy processes are integrated to realize practical application.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results show that climate variation will change the water and land allocation patterns and these changes will be more pronounced for major grain-producing areas. The optimized water allocation decreased (especially for rice, e.g., the optimal average value of the irrigation quota of rice was 4226 m3/ha, while the corresponding actual irrigation requirement of rice was [4200–7200] m3/ha) to improve the water use efficiency, and surface water allocation accounted for two-thirds. Maize had the largest planting area, although planting soybean generated the most greenhouse gases (greenhouse gas emissions from field activities for rice, maize, and soybean were 43.46%, 84.06% and 91.16%, respectively); However, these gases can be absorbed by forests. The model improved the harmonious degree of the resource-economy-environment system from 0.24 to 0.56 after optimization.
SIGNIFICANCES: Integrated models contribute to the sustainable management of water, food, energy and land resources and can consider the complex dynamics under climate change. It can be used as a general model and extended to other agroforestry systems that show inefficient agricultural production.
9 Xiao, H.; Tang, Y.; Li, H.; Zhang, L.; Ngo-Duc, T.; Chen, D.; Tang, Q. 2021. Saltwater intrusion into groundwater systems in the Mekong Delta and links to global change. Advances in Climate Change Research, 12(3):342-352. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2021.04.005]
Saltwater intrusion ; Groundwater ; Climate change ; Human activity ; Surface water ; Freshwater ; Salinity ; Sea level ; Precipitation ; Pumping ; Wells ; Deltas ; Cyclones / South East Asia / Vietnam / Mekong Delta / Mekong River Basin / Tibetan Plateau
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050591)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674927821000708/pdfft?md5=84b9faeb3898035203d1bb3899396452&pid=1-s2.0-S1674927821000708-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050591.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050591.pdf
(2.65 MB) (2.65 MB)
In recent decades, changes in temperature, wind, and rainfall patterns of Southeast Asia induced by climate warming in the Tibetan Plateau result in many environmental changes that have serious impacts on the lower reach of the Mekong River basin, a region already battling severe water-related environmental problems such as pollution, saltwater intrusion, and intensified flooding. In the densely populated Mekong Delta located at the mouth of the Mekong River basin in southern Vietnam, the hydrogeological systems have been transformed from an almost undisturbed to a human-impacted state and saltwater intrusion into surface water and groundwater systems has grown to be a detrimental issue recently, seriously threatening freshwater supply and degrading the eco-environment. In this article, the impacts of human activities and climate change (e.g., groundwater over-exploitation, relative sea-level rise, storm surge, changing precipitation and temperature regimes, uncontrolled drainage canals, operation of hydropower dams, and rapid development of aquaculture) on saltwater intrusion into groundwater systems in the Mekong Delta are briefly reviewed. Based on current status of research findings regarding saltwater intrusion and the subsequent groundwater quality degradation under the impacts of human activities and climate change, major knowledge gaps and challenges are identified and discussed, including thickness and permeability of the silt and clay aquitard, present-day highly heterogeneous 3D distribution of saline groundwater zones, dynamic variation of saltwater/freshwater transition zone, and the most effective and economical control measure. To bridge these gaps, future work should: 1) apply environmental isotope techniques in combination with borehole tests to gain detailed hydrogeological information regarding spatial variation of permeability and thickness of the silt and clay aquitard; 2) intensify regular groundwater monitoring and collect as much groundwater samples from multiple hydro-stratigraphic units at different depths as possible to visualize the present-day highly heterogeneous 3D distribution of saline groundwater; 3) develop a series of variable-density coupled groundwater flow and salt transport models representing various scenarios of human activities and climate change for predicting future extent of saltwater intrusion; and 4) identify the dominant factor causing saltwater intrusion and determine the most effective and economical engineering technique to address saltwater intrusion problems in the Mekong Delta.
10 Han, S.; Xin, P.; Li, H.; Yang, Y. 2022. Evolution of agricultural development and land-water-food nexus in Central Asia. Agricultural Water Management, 273:107874. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107874]
Agricultural development ; Irrigated land ; Water requirements ; Food production ; Nexus approaches ; Crop water use ; Irrigation water ; Data envelopment analysis ; Surface water ; Rainfed farming ; Wheat ; Cotton ; Maize ; Barley ; Rice ; Evapotranspiration / Central Asia / Aral Sea / Kazakhstan / Uzbekistan / Turkmenistan / Kyrgyzstan / Tajikistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051397)
(3.41 MB)
Agricultural water use in heavily irrigated regions can reduce surface water flow. The most remarkable hydrological change in recent times in Central Asia is the rapid dry-up of the Aral Sea. In this paper, the evolution of agricultural development was traced back to the 1910s, Land-Water-Food (LWF) nexus in Central Asia was evaluated, and the relationship between agricultural development and Aral Sea dry-up was built. It was noted that for the 1910–2010s, the harvested land area in the region expanded nearly two folds — from 7.2 to 21.6 million ha. Production of cereal crops increased over eight folds — from 4.0 to 37.6 million tonnes. Cotton production reached 5.5 million tonnes, a seven-fold increase. The high increase in productivity was driven by increasing agricultural irrigation since the 1950s. Irrigation water requirement for the five main crops (wheat, cotton, maize, barley and rice) increased by about 50%; from 64.3 km3 in the 1950s to 95.9 km3 in the 2010s. Cotton and wheat were the top two crops, with respective total irrigation water use of 66.9% and 16.4%. For the study area, LWF nexus was quantified in terms of production efficiency using the data envelopment analysis method, and it was shown that excess water and land resources made agricultural production inefficient. Analysis of the irrigated area and the Aral Sea water surface area suggested that for every 1.0 km2 increase in irrigated land area, water surface area in the Aral Sea declined by 1.2 km2. The analysis of LWF tradeoff was key not only for sustainable land, water and ecological management, but also for food production in degraded arid lands around the globe.
11 Yin, J.; Wang, D.; Li, H.. 2023. Spatial optimization of rural settlements in ecologically fragile regions: insights from a social-ecological system. Habitat International, 138:102854. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2023.102854]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052055)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197397523001145/pdfft?md5=5419b674b0adbcf5a2ce4f7e1a0e35db&pid=1-s2.0-S0197397523001145-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052054.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052054.pdf
(9.03 MB) (9.03 MB)
Rural areas in ecologically fragile regions face obstacles of underdeveloped social economies and poor natural conditions. Existing studies on the optimization of rural settlements in ecologically fragile areas have mainly focused on regional ecological protection and have paid inadequate attention to social-economic dimensions and their interaction with ecological dimensions. We propose an analytical framework for the spatial optimization of rural settlements from a social-ecological perspective. Using Kaitong Town, located in western Jilin Province, China, as a case study, we analysed the development capacity in different villages and evaluated ecosystem resilience. Based on different spatial combinations of rural development capacity and ecosystem resilience, we divided the study area into four zones: relocation and merger; aggregation and promotion; key development; and stabilization and improvement. Rural settlements within the relocation and merger zone were identified as requiring resettlement. Two optimization directions are suggested: one to the key development zone within an adjacent village and the other to the aggregation and promotion zone within the same administrative village. The proposed analytical framework provides a scientific basis for optimizing the layout of rural settlements in ecologically fragile regions and can play an important role in realizing the sustainable development of rural areas.
12 Zhang, J.; Yang, Y. C. E.; Abeshu, G. W.; Li, H.; Hung, F.; Lin, C.-Y.; Leung, L. R. 2024. Exploring the food-energy-water nexus in coupled natural-human systems under climate change with a fully integrated agent-based modeling framework. Journal of Hydrology, 634:131048. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131048]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: PendingH052806)
(9.29 MB)
Managing water resources to meet increasing energy and food demands while maintaining environmental sustainability under climate change is a major challenge, especially when this nexus occurred in a coupled natural–human system (CNHS), where heterogeneous human activities affect the natural hydrologic cycle and vice versa. The relevant research has been limited by the lack of models that can effectively integrate human dynamics and hydrologic conditions with spatial details to examine co-evolutionary systems. To address this challenge, this paper develops a modeling framework that integrates an agent-based model (ABM; human behavior model) into a large-scale, process-based distributed hydrologic model to simulate human decisions endogenously in the hydrologic cycle. We then apply the Decision Scaling approach, an ex-post scenario analysis method, with our integrated model to study the bidirectional feedback of the CNHS under future changing climate conditions. With the Columbia River Basin (CRB) selected as the case study area, the calibration results show that the integrated model can simultaneously capture the historical irrigated water consumption and streamflow dynamics. Modeling results show that the trade-off between irrigated water consumption, hydropower generation, and streamflow will become more pronounced under hotter and wetter climate conditions at both the entire basin and regional (states and provinces) levels. Special attention should be given to “temperature thresholds” of different regions when the trade-off pattern started. The trade-off results can potentially inform the Columbia River Treaty renegotiation and provide insights for long-term water management policies.
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