Your search found 18 records
1 Tsiagbey, M.; Danso, George; Anang, L.; Sarpong, Eric. 2005. Perceptions and acceptability of urine-diverting toilets in a low-income urban community in Ghana. In Ecological sanitation: a sustainable, integrated solution. Conference documentation of the 3rd International Ecological Sanitation Conference, Durban, South Africa, 23-26 May 2005. Pretoria, South Africa: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) pp.299-303.
Water supply ; Urban areas ; Sanitation ; Waste disposal ; Urine ; Stakeholders ; Households / Ghana
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 628 G200 TSI Record No: H037658)
http://conference2005.ecosan.org/papers/tsiagbey_et_al.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H037658.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H037658.pdf
(110.41 KB)
2 Holmer, R. J.; Itchon, G. S. 2008. Reuse of ecological sanitation products in urban agriculture: experiences from the Philippines. Urban Agriculture Magazine, 20:44-46.
Urban agriculture ; Sanitation ; Poverty ; Composting ; Organic fertilizers ; Excreta ; Urine / Philippines / Cagayan de Oro
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041628)
http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/UAM%2020%20-%20pagina%2044-46.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041628.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041628.pdf
(0.24 MB) (244.23 KB)
3 Richert, A.; Gensch, R.; Jonsson, H.; Stenstrom, T. A.; Dagerskog, L. 2010. Practical guidance on the use of urine in crop production. Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) 54p. (Stockholm Environment Institute, EcoSanRes Series, 2010-1)
Nitrogen fertilizers ; Liquid fertilizers ; Urine ; Crop production ; Guidelines ; Best practices ; Sanitation ; Risk management
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.84 G000 RIC Record No: H043158)
http://sei-international.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Air-land-water-resources/ecosan-urine-in-crops-100824%20web.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043158.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043158.pdf
(1.66 MB) (1.66 MB)
This book gives practical guidance on the use of urine in crop production as a vital component of sustainable crop production and sanitation systems. It also includes guidance on how to start activities that will facilitate the introduction of new fertilizers to the agricultural community. The handbook should help in establishing links between research and professionals interested in implementation of sustainable sanitation systems. It is easy to read and informative, with examples from case studies and hints on further reading for those interested.
4 Cofie, Olufunke; Amoah, Philip; Irene, E.; Adamtey, Noah; Fredrick, T.-L. 2011. Demonstration on the use of urine in urban agriculture. [Report of the Sustainable Urban Water Management Improves Tomorrow’s City’s Health (SWITCH) Project]. Delft, Netherlands: Sustainable Urban Water Management Improves Tomorrow’s City’s Health (SWITCH) Project; Accra, Ghana: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Brussels, Belgium: European Union Research Framework Programme. 103p.
Urban agriculture ; Vegetable growing ; Cabbages ; Fertilizers ; Urine ; Soils ; Economic analysis ; Senses ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Environmental effects ; Risks ; Logistics ; Farmers ; Ownership / Ghana / Accra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044301)
http://www.switchurbanwater.eu/outputs/pdfs/W5-2_GEN_RPT_D5.2.4_Demonstration_on_the_use_of_urine_in_urban_agriculture.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044301.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044301.pdf
(3.65 MB) (3.65MB)
This report is an output of the Sustainable Urban Water Management Improves Tomorrow s City s Health (SWITCH) demonstration project, which took place in Accra, Ghana. Accra is one of the ten (10) demonstration cities under the SWITCH project. The main objective of the demo project was to demonstrate (as pilot) the potential of using urine for crop production in Accra Metropolitan Area (AMA) and provide recommendations for scaling up.
5 Drechsel, Pay; Cofie, Olufunke; Keraita, Bernard; Amoah, Philip; Evans, Alexandra; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. 2011. Recovery and reuse of resources: enhancing urban resilience in low-income countries. Urban Agriculture Magazine, 25:66-69.
Urban agriculture ; Sanitation ; Waste management ; Wastewater treatment ; Urine ; Reuse ; Food production
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044370)
http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/UAM%2025-Recovery%20and%20Reuse%2066-69.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044370.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044370.pdf
(0.17 MB) (169.42KB)
Poor sanitation presents not only risks but also opportunities for urban and periurban agriculture. In many cases farmers accept the risks in anticipation of the benefits, which include low-cost access to waste resources that are rich in nutrients and water. RUAF has a long tradition of carefully examining the interface of agriculture and sanitation.It has analysed case studies, trends and emerging priorities where RUAF partners, like IWMI, and the RUAF network can play a pivotal role.
6 Pradhan, S.; Piya, R. C.; Heinonen-Tanski, H. 2012. Eco-sanitation for agriculture - an experimental demonstration program in Nepal. [Abstract only]. In Global Dry Toilet Association of Finland. Book of abstracts: 4th International Dry Toilet Conference, 22-24 August 2012. Tampere, Finland: Global Dry Toilet Association of Finland. pp.93.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045037)
(1.93 MB)
7 Pradhan, Surendra; Amoah, Philip; Piya, R. C.; Heinonen-Tanski, H. 2012. Urine fertilizer for vegetable production - a case study in Nepal and Ghana. Paper presented at the International Conference on Fecal Sludge Management (FSM2), Durban, South Africa, 29-31 October 2012. 7p.
Urine ; Faeces ; Organic fertilizers ; Wood ash ; Vegetable growing ; Sanitation ; Biomass ; Case studies / Nepal / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045305)
(0.69 MB) (0.69 MB)
Eco-toilets (human urine and faecal matter collected separately) are one of the best ways to solve sanitation problem, and this practice also improves the environment and increases the food production. This study focuses on experimental demonstration of use of urine, wood ash and poultry droppings (PD) as a fertilizer in central Nepal and in Accra, Ghana. In Nepal; Fertilizer value of urine+ash was compared with animal manure and no-fertilization in the cultivation of radish, potato, broadleaf mustard, cauliflower and cabbage. The urine + ash or manure fertilized plots received 54 kgN/ha for radish, 51 kgN/ha for potato, 81 kgN/ha for broadleaf mustard and 77 kgN/ha for cabbage and cauliflower. Similarly in Ghana; urine was compared no fertilization and urine + PD (poultry dropping) was compared with NPK (mineral fertilizer)+PD as a dose of 121 kgN/ha.
In Nepal; the urine+ash fertilizer produced significantly (P<0.05) higher broadleaf mustard biomass than obtained from animal manure and without fertilization. It was demonstrated that urine+ash can produce higher yields than manure fertilizer; the differences being >24 t/ha radish tuber, >95 kg/ha potato tuber, >19 t/ha cauliflower total biomass and >15 t/ha cabbage total biomass. In Ghana; urine produced 1.2 ton/ha more cabbage head biomass compared to no fertilization and urine+PD produced 0.82 t/ha more cabbage head biomass compared to NPK+PD. Furthermore, in Nepal; N-fertilizer value of 4 litres urine is equal to the 1 kg of dry manure and in Ghana N-fertilizer value of 2 litres of urine is equal to 1 kg of poultry droppings. In conclusion, human urine can be used as fertilizer alone or combined with wood ash and poultry droppings and this can produce similar or even more vegetable biomass than can be achieved with no fertilization, manure fertilization or NPK+PD.
In Nepal; the urine+ash fertilizer produced significantly (P<0.05) higher broadleaf mustard biomass than obtained from animal manure and without fertilization. It was demonstrated that urine+ash can produce higher yields than manure fertilizer; the differences being >24 t/ha radish tuber, >95 kg/ha potato tuber, >19 t/ha cauliflower total biomass and >15 t/ha cabbage total biomass. In Ghana; urine produced 1.2 ton/ha more cabbage head biomass compared to no fertilization and urine+PD produced 0.82 t/ha more cabbage head biomass compared to NPK+PD. Furthermore, in Nepal; N-fertilizer value of 4 litres urine is equal to the 1 kg of dry manure and in Ghana N-fertilizer value of 2 litres of urine is equal to 1 kg of poultry droppings. In conclusion, human urine can be used as fertilizer alone or combined with wood ash and poultry droppings and this can produce similar or even more vegetable biomass than can be achieved with no fertilization, manure fertilization or NPK+PD.
8 AdeOluwa, O. O.; Cofie, Olufunke. 2012. Urine as an alternative fertilizer in agriculture: effects in amaranths (Amaranthus caudatus) production. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 27(4):287-294. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170511000512]
Urine ; Fertilizers ; Composts ; Amaranthus ; Crop production ; Farmers ; Senses ; Income ; Satellite imagery ; Vegetable growing ; Soil properties ; Coliform bacteria / Nigeria
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045507)
(0.70 MB)
Crop production in most developing countries is faced with a dearth of resources for optimum production of which fertilizer is one. The use of human urine as well as its mixture with compost are potential solutions to this problem. Thus, this report investigated the influence of human urine and its combination with compost on yield and soil quality of land under green amaranths (Amaranthus caudatus). This study involved a field experiment to determine the response of green amaranths to the application of 100% urine, 2/3 urineN+1/3 compost N, 100% compost N,NPK (15:15:15) at the rate of 100kgNha-1 and control with no fertilizer treatment using farmers’ participatory approach. The vegetables produced from the experimental treatments were analyzed in the laboratory for pathogenic microbial risk as well as effects of the fertilizer on nutrient status of the experimental soils (before and after planting). Perception of farmers and consumers in the study area regarding use of urine as fertilizer for vegetable production was investigated with the aid of a structured questionnaire. The result of this investigation revealed that 100% urine resulted in 58.17 tha-1 total plant yield, while NPK 15:15:15 gave 34.34 tha-1 total plant yield in the two plantings. Microbial analysis of edible portion of vegetable from plot fertilized with urine did not reveal any significantly different pathological contamination compared to other fertilizer treatments used in this investigation. Urine treatment improved soil nutrient exchangeable cations and acidity. The perception study revealed that respondents perceived urine to be a good agricultural input that could be used as a fertilizer in vegetable crop production and there was no strong cultural norm that would prevent them using it for crop production. Vegetable consumers would also buy vegetable crops grown with urine if they are well informed about its safety for crop production. Since the use of urine as fertilizer for crop production improved amaranth’s yield and did not show any negative implication on soil environment, human urine seems to have good potential both in crop yield and acceptability by farmers and consumers.
9 Weissenbacher, N.; Nikiema, Josiane; Garfi, M.; Figoli, A. 2013. What do we require from water biotechnologies in Africa? Sustainable Sanitation Practice, 14(January):35-40. (Selected contributions from the 1st WATERBIOTECH conference, Cairo, Egypt, 9-11 October 2012).
Wastewater treatment ; Water reuse ; Biotechnology ; Urine ; Sanitation ; Energy demand / Africa / Algeria / Burkina Faso / Egypt / Ghana / Morocco / Senegal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045620)
http://www.ecosan.at/ssp/selected-contributions-from-the-1st-waterbiotech-conference-9-11-oct-2012-cairo-egypt/SSP-14_Jan2013.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045620.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045620.pdf
(1.60 MB) (10.29MB)
When discussing water and sanitation issues, technology is often seen as the key element by many stakeholders. Within a multinational project, the opportunity was taken to analyse the experiences with the existing water infrastructure to look behind this assumption and – if not working satisfactory – to identify the key requirements that obviously have not been met. Following this, it should be possible to prepare a set of requirements to learn from this. A three stage questionnaire for different stakeholder level (authorities, operators and end users) has been launched in Algeria, Burkina Faso, Egypt, Ghana, Morocco, Senegal and Tunisia. Some main obstacles towards sustainable biological wastewater treatment could then be identified. The reader expecting specific technical suggestions might be disappointed but the key messages that are relevant for all the different conditions of the four North African and the three Sub Saharan countries are presented. The given requirements tackle issues that are unfortunately not only of technical nature and are (almost) all linked to each other.
10 Rango, T.; Vengosh, A.; Jeuland, M.; Tekle-Haimanot, R.; Weinthal, E.; Kravchenko, J.; Paul, C.; McCornick, Peter G. 2014. Fluoride exposure from groundwater as reflected by urinary fluoride and children's dental fluorosis in the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley. Science of the Total Environment, 496:188-197. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.048]
Groundwater ; Fluorides ; Health hazards ; Dental caries ; Fluorosis ; Urine ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Risk assessment / Ethiopia / Main Ethiopian Rift
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046570)
This cross-sectional study explores the relationships between children's F- exposure from drinking groundwater and urinary F- concentrations, combined with dental fluorosis (DF) in the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) Valley.We examined the DF prevalence and severity among 491 children (10 to 15 years old) who are life-long residents of 33 rural communities in which groundwater concentrations of F- cover a wide range. A subset of 156 children was selected for urinary F- measurements. Our results showed that the mean F- concentrations in groundwater were 8.5 ± 4.1 mg/L (range: 1.1–18 mg/L), while those in urine were 12.1 ± 7.3 mg/L (range: 1.1–39.8 mg/L). The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe DF in children's teeth was 17%, 29%, and 45%, respectively, and the majority (90%; n = 140) of the children had urinary F- concentrations above 3 mg/L. Below this level most of the teeth showed mild forms of DF. The exposure–response relationship between F- and DF was positive and non-linear, with DF severity tending to level off above a F- threshold of ~6 mg/L, most likely due to the fact that at ~6 mg/L the enamel is damaged as much as it can be clinically observed in most children. We also observed differential prevalence (and severity) of DF and urinary concentration, across children exposed to similar F- concentrations in water, which highlights the importance of individual-specific factors in addition to the F- levels in drinking water. Finally, we investigated urinary F- in children from communities where defluoridation remediation was taking place. The lower F- concentration measured in urine of this population demonstrates the capacity of the urinary F- method as an effective monitoring and evaluation tool for assessing the outcome of successful F- mitigation strategy in relatively short time (months) in areas affected with severe fluorosis.
11 Cofie, Olufunke; Van Rooijen, D.; Nikiema, Josiane. 2014. Challenges and opportunities for recycling excreta for peri-urban agriculture in urbanising countries. In Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.). The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.301-310. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Suburban agriculture ; Urban agriculture ; Urban areas ; Sanitation ; Health hazards ; Excreta ; Faecal coliforms ; Waste treatment ; Urine ; Recycling ; Organic fertilizers ; Composting ; Food production ; Environmental health / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046582)
(0.36 MB)
As urbanisation increases, so does the challenge of meeting water, sanitation and food requirements in urban areas. In particular, the management of human excreta from on-site sanitation facilities remains a challenge and continues to endanger public health and degrades the environment through soil and water pollution. Yet much of the excreta consist of organic matter and nutrients that are valuable inputs for agriculture. Recycling in agriculture has often neglected the recovery of nutrients and organic matter in faecal sludge collected from on-site sanitation facilities in developing countries. Exploring the high proportion of resources in excreta can provide a win–win strategy by reducing the environmental pollution, enhancing soil fertility and therefore improving livelihoods. Challenges to maximising these benefits include: type of sanitation facility used in developing countries, nature of faecal materials, prevailing treatment technologies which are usually designed for waste disposal not for reuse, institutional and market factors as well as negative perceptions regarding excreta use in agriculture. Nevertheless, urban and peri-urban agriculture presents a good opportunity for nutrient recycling, provided that technological and socio-economic strategies for optimum recovery are taken into account. The paper concludes with a description of successful recycling options that can contribute to improving farm productivity, using evidence from Ghana.
12 Amoah, Philip; Adamtey, N.; Cofie, Olufunke. 2017. Effect of urine, poultry manure, and dewatered faecal sludge on agronomic characteristics of cabbage in Accra, Ghana. Resources, 6(2):1-14. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/resources6020019]
Soil chemicophysical properties ; Soil analysis ; Chemical analysis ; Fertilizer application ; pH ; Urine ; Poultry droppings ; Organic fertilizers ; Faecal sludge ; Agronomic characters ; Nutrient uptake ; Urban agriculture ; Cabbages ; Nitrogen fertilizers ; Wet season ; Farmers ; Environmental pollution ; Water pollution / Ghana / Accra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048132)
(1.39 MB)
The study was to assess the: (i) effect of human urine and other organic inputs on cabbage growth, yield, nutrient uptake, N-use efficiency, and soil chemical characteristics; (ii) economic returns of the use of urine and/or other organic inputs as a source of fertiliser for cabbage production. To meet these objectives, participatory field trials were conducted at Dzorwulu, Accra. Four different treatments (Urine alone, Urine + dewatered faecal sludge (DFS), Urine + poultry droppings (PD), NPK (15-15-15) + PD) were applied in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with soil alone as control. Each treatment was applied at a rate of 121 kg·N·ha-1 corresponding to the Nitrogen requirement of cabbage in Ghana. Growth and yield parameters, plant nutrient uptake, and soil chemical characteristics were determined using standard protocols. There were no significant differences between treatments for cabbage head weight, or total and marketable yields. However, unmarketable yield from NPK + PD was 1 to 2 times higher (p < 0.05) than those from Urine + PD, Urine + DFS, and Urine alone. Seasonal effect on yields was also pronounced with higher (p < 0.001) cabbage head weight (0.95 kg) and marketable yields (12.7 kg·ha-1) in the dry season than the rainy season (0.42 kg and 6.27 kg·ha-1). There was higher (p < 0.005) phosphorous uptake in cabbage from Urine + PD treated soil than those from other treatments. Nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) uptake in the dry season was significantly higher than the rainy season. Soils treated with Urine + DFS and Urine + PD were high in total N content. Urine + PD and Urine + DFS treated soils gave fairly high yield than PD + NPK with a net gain of US$1452.0 and US$1663.5, respectively. The application of urine in combination with poultry droppings has the potential to improve cabbage yields, nutrient uptake, and soil nitrogen and phosphorous content.
13 Rango, T.; Jeuland, M.; Manthrithilake, Herath; McCornick, Peter. 2015. Nephrotoxic contaminants in drinking water and urine, and chronic kidney disease in rural Sri Lanka. Science of the Total Environment, 518-519:574-585. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.097]
Drinking water ; Nephrotoxicity ; Contamination ; Urine ; Kidney diseases ; Chronic course ; Collective farming ; Communities ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Water quality ; Elements ; Arsenic compounds ; Sampling ; Analytical methods / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048177)
Chronic kidney disease of unknown (“u”) cause (CKDu) is a growing public health concern in Sri Lanka. Prior research has hypothesized a link with drinking water quality, but rigorous studies are lacking. This study assesses the relationship between nephrotoxic elements (namely arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and uranium (U)) in drinking water, and urine samples collected from individuals with and/or without CKDu in endemic areas, and from individuals without CKDu in nonendemic areas. All water samples – from a variety of source types (i.e. shallow and deep wells, springs, piped and surface water) – contained extremely low concentrations of nephrotoxic elements, and all were well below drinking water guideline values. Concentrations in individual urine samples were higher than, and uncorrelated with, those measured in drinking water, suggesting potential exposure from other sources. Mean urinary concentrations of these elements for individuals with clinically diagnosed CKDu were consistently lower than individuals without CKDu both in endemic and nonendemic areas. This likely stems from the inability of the kidney to excrete these toxic elements via urine in CKDu patients. Urinary concentrations of individuals were also found to be within the range of reference values measured in urine of healthy unexposed individuals from international biomonitoring studies, though these reference levels may not be safe for the Sri Lankan population. The results suggest that CKDu cannot be clearly linked with the presence of these contaminants in drinking water. There remains a need to investigate potential interactions of low doses of these elements (particularly Cd and As) with other risk factors that appear linked to CKDu, prior to developing public health strategies to address this illness.
14 Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay. (Eds.) 2018. Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. 816p.
Resource recovery ; Waste management ; Business management ; Models ; Energy management ; Energy generation ; Renewable energy ; Nutrients ; Water reuse ; Low income areas ; Economic aspects ; Sanitation ; agricultural wastes ; Livestock wastes ; Organic wastes ; Organic fertilizers ; Organic matter ; Solid wastes ; Solid fuels ; Urban wastes ; Agricultural waste management ; Briquettes ; Biogas ; Faecal sludge ; Kitchen waste ; Food wastes ; Local communities ; Sustainability ; Industrial wastes ; Municipal authorities ; Abattoirs ; Ethanol ; Sugar industry ; Agroindustry ; Composting ; Cost recovery ; Public-private cooperation ; Partnerships ; Subsidies ; Carbon credits ; Excreta ; Urine ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater irrigation ; Forestry ; Aquaculture ; Farmers ; Fruits ; Wood production ; Financing ; Supply chain ; Fish feeding ; Risk management ; Private sector ; Private investment ; Freshwater ; Deltas ; Aquifers ; Groundwater recharge ; Downstream / Uganda / Rwanda / India / Kenya / Peru / Brazil / Mexico / Kenya / Thailand / Burkina Faso / Venezuela / Sri Lanka / Egypt / Bangladesh / Tunisia / Morocco / Ghana / Jordan / Iran / Spain / Kampala / Kigali / Sulabh / Nairobi / Santa Rosillo / Koppal / Bihar / Pune / Maharashtra / Mumias / Bangkok / Carabobo / Veracruz / Balangoda / Okhla / Bangalore / Ouagadougou / Mashhad Plain / Llobregat Delta / Tula Aquifer
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048622)
(28.1 MB)
15 Otoo, Miriam. (Ed.) 2018. Nutrient and organic matter recovery - Section III. In Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.316-546.
Organic matter ; Resource recovery ; Nutrients ; Business management ; Business models ; Agricultural waste management ; Industrial wastes ; Municipal wastes ; Solid wastes ; Composting ; Cost recovery ; Market economics ; Carbon credits ; Macroeconomics ; Financing ; Supply chain ; Corporate culture ; Technology assessment ; Financing ; Socioeconomic environment ; Environmental impact ; Health hazards ; Sanitation ; Public-private cooperation ; Partnerships ; Faecal sludge ; Inorganic fertilizers ; Organic fertilizers ; Liquid fertilizers ; Subsidies ; Risk reduction ; Waste management ; Biogas ; Livestock wastes ; Vermicomposting ; Sugar industry ; Sustainability ; Toilets ; Urine ; Excreta ; Septic tanks ; Soil conditioners ; On-farm consumption ; Wastewater treatment ; Phosphorus ; Sewage sludge / Uganda / Sri Lanka / Kenya / India / Bangladesh / Mexico / Rwanda / Burkina Faso / Mbale / Matara / Balangoda / Ludhiana / Okhla / Bangalore / Karnataka / Dhaka / Naivasha / Puducherry / Sinaloa / Culiacan / Kigali / Ouagadougou
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048653)
(8.29 MB)
16 Otoo, Miriam. 2018. Nutrient and organic matter recovery: an overview of presented business cases and models. In Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.316-320.
Organic matter ; Resource recovery ; Nutrients ; Business models ; Organic wastes ; Municipal wastes ; Solid wastes ; Agricultural waste management ; Faecal sludge ; Urine ; Waste management
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048724)
(800 KB)
17 Otoo, Miriam; Dagerskog, L. 2018. Urine and fecal matter collection for reuse (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso) - Case Study. In Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.527-537.
Faecal sludge ; Faeces ; Urine ; Sanitation ; Public-private cooperation ; Partnerships ; Resource recovery ; Agricultural production ; Waste management ; Septic tanks ; Latrines ; Market economies ; Supply chain ; Business models / Burkina Faso / Ouagadougou
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048674)
(1.31 MB)
18 Kassa, K.; Ali, Y.; Zewdie, W. 2018. Human urine as a source of nutrients for maize and its impacts on soil quality at Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination, 8(4):516-521. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2018.060]
Wastewater treatment ; Human wastes ; Urine ; Agriculture ; Maize ; Plant growth ; Nutrients ; Soil quality ; Soil properties ; Soil salinity ; Semiarid zones / Ethiopia / Arba Minch
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049062)
https://iwaponline.com/jwrd/article-pdf/8/4/516/482343/jwrd0080516.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049062.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049062.pdf
(0.25 MB) (260 KB)
A pot experiment was conducted at Arba Minch, Ethiopia to study the effects of urine on soil properties and yield of maize in natural settings. The pot treatments consisted of 500, 800, 1,000 and 1,200 ml of neat human urine collected from a UDDT (Urine Diversion Dry Toilet) added at different portions and control. The results showed that the response of the maize for most of the variables was very well expressed or significantly different at the application rate of 500 ml of urine; however, there was no significant difference between the 500 ml and the rest of the application. A significant increase in height, diameter, and length of leaf of maize was found in the urine treated soils. An improvement in soil phosphate chemical properties was noticed with increasing addition of urine; however, there was no significant increase in the ammonium nitrogen content and pH. The salinity of treated soil significantly increased at the bottom of the pot when compared with the control. In order to limit the increase in salinity of the soil and to get optimum maize growth in natural conditions, 500 ml urine addition per maize is recommended. The findings encourage the use of urine as fertilizer and a possible sink for UDDT waste.
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