Your search found 30 records
1 Mubvami, T.; Mushamba, S. 2006. Integration of agriculture in urban land use planning. In van Veenhuizen, R. (Ed.). Cities farming for the future: Urban agriculture for green and productive Cities. Leusden, Netherlands: Network of Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF Foundation); Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Silang, Philippines: International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR). pp.54-74.
Urban planning ; Policy ; Urban agriculture ; Land use ; Health ; Environmental effects ; Land tenure ; Local government
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 630 G000 VAN Record No: H039849)
(272KB)
2 Akple, M.; Keraita, Bernard; Konradsen, F.; Agbenowu, E. 2011. Microbiological quality of water from hand-dug wells used for domestic purposes in urban communities in Kumasi, Ghana. Urban Water Journal, 8(1):57-64. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2010.528436]
Wells ; Groundwater ; Water quality ; Faecal coliforms ; Urban poor ; Drinking water ; Sanitation ; Urban planning / Ghana / Kumasi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043972)
(0.73 MB)
Assessment was done on the microbiological quality of water in hand-dug wells in urban communities in Kumasi, Ghana. A total of 256 water samples were taken from eight wells and examined for faecal coliforms, enterococci and helminths. High contamination levels were recorded in the wells, more so in the wet season, with faecal coliforms levels between 6.44 and 10.19 log units and faecal enterococci between 4.23 and 4.85 CFU per 100 ml. Influence on protection and lining of wells on water quality was not pronounced but mechanization reduced contamination significantly by about 3 log units. This study shows a stronger influence of poor sanitation and improper placement of wells on water quality compared to improvements made from lining and protection of wells. In the race to increase access to drinking water in poor urban settlements, quality of groundwater could be a major barrier, if provision of drinking water is not matched with improvements in sanitation and urban planning.
3 Hoornweg, D.; Freire, M.; Lee, M. J.; Bhada-Tata, P.; Yuen, B. (Eds.) 2011. Cities and climate change: responding to an urgent agenda. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank. 306p. (Urban Development Series)
Climate change ; Towns ; Urban areas ; Urban planning ; Greenhouse gases ; Institutions ; Temperature ; Adaptation ; Governance ; Policy ; Emission ; Morphology ; Transport ; Models ; Case studies ; Economic aspects ; Social aspects / Europe / USA / Singapore / India / Thailand / London / New York / Milan / Mexico / Bangkok / Mumbai
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 307.7622 G000 HOO Record No: H044077)
(0.33 MB)
4 Forkuor, Gerald; Drechsel, Pay; Cofie, Olufunke. 2011. A GIS-based approach for integrating agriculture into urban and peri-urban planning. West Africa Review, 19:136-154.
GIS ; Urban agriculture ; Suburban agriculture ; Urban planning ; Transport ; Markets ; Water resources ; Topography ; Land tenure ; Analytical methods / Ghana / Accra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044645)
(0.52 MB)
In most developing countries, zoning land for urban farming remains a major obstacle to urban and peri-urban agriculture. In this study, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Analysis are used to demonstrate how city authorities can integrate farming into their planning. The study was conducted in five districts in and around Ghana’s capital city. Spatial layers representing six influencing factors were created. Results indicate that, out of the five districts, Tema municipality has the highest percentage of suitable lands for agriculture while Akuapim South has the lowest. City authorities are encouraged to adopt the approach, as it would enable them to build and monitor different scenarios (with different factors and weights) in a participatory manner before and after planning decisions are made.
5 Scott, J. C. 1998. Seeing like a state: how certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. New Haven, CT, USA: Yale University Press. 445p. (Yale Institution for Social and Policy Studies (ISPS) Series)
Social aspects ; Environmental management ; Urban planning ; Forest management ; Land tenure ; Agriculture ; Towns ; Modernization ; Taxation / Russia / Tanzania / USA
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.9 G000 SCO Record No: H046224)
(0.30 MB)
6 Purohit, R.; Shrimali, S. K. 2014. Urbanisation of peri-urban regions: is it a boon or threat to the liveability of future cities in India? In Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.). The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.41-53. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Urbanization ; Periurban areas ; Population growth ; Sustainable development ; Urban planning ; Policy ; Urban agriculture ; Urban forestry ; Land use ; Rural urban migration ; State intervention ; Environmental effects ; Governance / India / Rajasthan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047019)
Populations of cities are increasing rapidly and people from nearby rural areas have been migrating to cities at unprecedented rates during the last 15–20 years. Is it a problem? Why is there so much hue and cry regarding this issue? Are we really going to face the problem of water supplies, food shortages and liveability of cities in the future? To reflect on these issues we will have to think of the Liveability Index. Are our cities lagging behind on liveability standards? What is the understanding of policy makers? Do policy makers have a generic grasp into the state of cities? What roadmaps are being evolved to excel global standards? This paper addresses the issues of sustainable development in landscapes around our cities, particularly in light of utilizing present resources, while keeping in mind the future needs of society, so as not to exhaust resources. Further, it should not disturb the ecological cycle and hence preserve the environment and liveability of future cities. Using City of Lakes, Udaipur, as an example the paper will also discuss what options we have to meet the future demands of housing around our cities while meeting water needs and production of local fresh food and vegetables for the community.
7 Buxton, M. 2014. The expanding urban fringe: impacts on peri-urban areas, Melbourne, Australia. In Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.). The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.55-70. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Periurban areas ; Urban development ; Rural areas ; Land use ; Urban planning ; Population growth ; Policy ; State intervention ; Farmland ; Environmental effects / Australia / Melbourne
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047020)
The resources of peripheral urban areas are under unprecedented threat because of the rapid conversion of rural land for urban purposes. Yet these resources offer significant long-term advantages to cities by increasing their resilience in times of rapid change. Cities which retain the values of their hinterlands may be those which survive best this century. The fate of the peri-urban area of Melbourne, Australia, and associated decision making processes, provide a case study of the pressures on peri-urban regions and the common inadequacy of government responses. Australian cities are characterised by two co-existing city types. Dense, nineteenth century mixed use inner urban areas characteristic of European cities are becoming denser. Yet new outer urban development continues the detached housing model and separated land uses typical of North America and adopted in Australia early in the twentieth century at some of the world’s lowest housing and population densities. Spatial difference is matched to social inequity. Higher income, tertiary educated, professionally employed households are concentrated in service rich inner and middle ring suburbs and selected outer urban areas, while lower income households without tertiary qualifications are concentrated primarily in service poor outer urban areas. Australian cities consume land at one of the world’s highest per capita rates, continually transforming nearby rural areas with high natural resource values to urban uses. These cities also affect broader non-urban areas. People are attracted to semi-rural lifestyles within commuting distance of metropolitan areas. Unless governments intervene, land is subdivided into rural-residential lots and agricultural pursuits relocate further from cities. Tourism and recreational developments are constructed on rural land and a range of other urban related land uses gradually emerge until the rural nature of these areas is irrevocably altered. Every Australian capital city adopted a metropolitan strategic spatial plan after 2000 which attempted to limit further outer growth into urban hinterlands through a range of urban containment policies. However, none of these plans succeeded in containing the urban sprawl or in radically changing the dominant model of outer urban development from detached housing with little variation in lot size or house types, large average lot sizes and separated land uses. Every State strategic plan has been substantially modified or abandoned. This chapter describes the impacts of metropolitan centres on peripheral urban areas, examines development pressures on these areas, why they are important to cities and why Australian cities continue to spread despite stated policies to the contrary. The city of Melbourne, Australia, is used as a case study, but broader conclusions are drawn for other cities.
8 O’Leary, H. 2016. Between stagnancy and affluence: reinterpreting water poverty and domestic flows in Delhi, India. Society and Natural Resources, 29(6):639-653. (Special Issue: Thinking Relationships Through Water). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2016.1150534]
Water poverty ; Communities ; Slums ; Living standards ; Water availability ; Social aspects ; Gender ; Women ; Anthropology ; Economic situation ; Urban planning ; State intervention / India / Delhi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047511)
(0.60 MB)
Hydrological systems are reflective of the social systems from which they spring. A close examination of the water narratives in a Central Delhi slum reveals that these are imbued with language of developmental struggle and social injustice. This brings clear voice to otherwise tacit, abstract flows ranging from the movement of women, to the circulation of money, and distribution of water, illustrating the delineation and control of the borders and categories over which things flow. In the slum, residents mark the success of their lives, and their measure of the future, by the passing of time in waiting for water. Some residents are believed to live in a state of financial, temporal, and hydrological affluence, while others identify the flows in their lives as stagnant. These abstractions are manifested in stories of daily water struggles, reflecting identities and worldviews that shed light on perceptions of development that are otherwise difficult to express.
9 Inderberg, T. H.; Eriksen, S.; O'Brien, K.; Sygna, L. (Eds.) 2015. Climate change adaptation and development: transforming paradigms and practices. Oxon, UK: Routledge. 295p.
Climate change adaptation ; Sustainable development ; Disaster risk management ; Flood control ; Technology transfer ; Resilience ; Gender ; Women ; Farmers ; Households ; Living standards ; Urban planning ; Rural settlement ; Governance ; Stakeholders ; Policy making ; Political aspects ; Socioeconomic development ; Indigenous knowledge ; Food security ; Agricultural sector ; Charcoal ; Arid zones ; Semiarid zones ; Case studies / Mozambique / Kenya / Tanzania / Ethiopia / Nepal / Lake Victoria Basin / Maputo / Makueni / Dar es Salaam / Afar Region / Humla
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.927 G000 IND Record No: H047643)
(0.30 MB)
10 Kumar, P.; Geneletti, D.; Nagendra, H. 2016. Spatial assessment of climate change vulnerability at city scale: a study in Bangalore, India. Land Use Policy, 58:514-532. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.08.018]
Climate change adaptation ; Spatial distribution ; Urban planning ; Risk assessment ; Indicators ; Policy ; Socioeconomic environment ; Households ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Sensitivity analysis ; Developing countries ; Case studies / India / Bangalore
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048127)
(2.34 MB)
Integrating adaptation and mitigation response actions to climate change in urban-level policies requires comprehensive information on vulnerability patterns, yet a majority of local governments and decision makers in various cities in developing nations lack spatially explicit information on climate change vulnerability and its key drivers. In addition, there is no standardised method for an all-inclusive vulnerability assessment at the local level. Results from higher broad-scale vulnerability assessments are difficult to implement conceptually and technically at the local scale. We present a climate change vulnerability assessment approach at the city scale that considers three main components: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Indicators were assessed within each component and were combined using Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE). The standardisation of indicators under each component was conducted, along with weighting, at each level of the vulnerability assessment hierarchy. The vulnerability assessment approach was applied to an urban area in India; namely, Bangalore metropolitan area. The application of vulnerability assessment approach was demonstrated and a spatial assessment of climate change vulnerability patterns was presented. The spatial pattern of vulnerability identifies areas urgently requiring attention to adaptation action, while vulnerability assessment enables policy intervention and prioritization at local spatial scales. This study presents a rational to integrate vulnerability assessment approach within the urban planning realm in Bangalore metropolitan area where according to our study approximately 91% of the area is facing high degree of climate vulnerability.
11 Desai, R. 2018. Urban planning, water provisioning and infrastructural violence at public housing resettlement sites in Ahmedabad, India. Water Alternatives, 11(1):86-105.
Water supply ; Infrastructure ; Maintenance ; Urban planning ; Public housing ; Resettlement ; Human behaviour ; Violence ; Conflicts ; Poverty ; Drinking water ; Water policy ; Water governance ; Municipal authorities ; Political aspects / India / Ahmedabad
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048523)
http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol11/v11issue1/421-a11-1-5/file
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048523.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048523.pdf
(0.94 MB) (964 KB)
This paper examines the links between urban planning and the politics of water provisioning and violence and conflict in people’s lives by drawing upon research in a low-income locality in Ahmedabad, India. By focusing on public housing sites constructed to resettle poor and low-income residents displaced from central and intermediate areas of the city for urban development projects, the paper looks beyond poor, informal neighbourhoods to explore the dynamics of water provisioning and inequalities in the city. A close examination of the water infrastructure at the sites and their everyday workings is undertaken in order to unravel the socio-material configurations which constitute inadequate water flows, and the ways in which urban planning, policies and governance produce infrastructural violence at the sites. It also traces the various forms of water-related deprivations, burdens, inequities, tensions and conflicts that emerge in people’s lives as a result of their practices in the context of this infrastructural violence.
12 Richards, D. R.; Edwards, P. J. 2018. Using water management infrastructure to address both flood risk and the urban heat island. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 34(4):490-498. (Special issue: Urban Resilience to Droughts and Floods: Policies and Governance). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1357538]
Flood control ; Air temperature ; Risk management ; Water management ; Infrastructure ; Climate change ; Environmental control ; Water storage ; Infiltration ; Cooling ; Rain ; Urban planning ; Vegetation ; Ecosystem services
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048811)
(0.94 MB)
Two important environmental challenges for many cities are to prevent flooding after heavy rain, and to minimize warming due to the urban heat island effect. There is a close link between these two phenomena, as rainfall intensity increases with rising air temperature. The two problems of flood management and urban warming therefore need to be tackled together. In particular, management strategies that contribute to reducing urban temperatures should be recognized as a means of reducing flood risk, especially in regions prone to intense rainfall.
13 Elmqvist, T.; Bai, X.; Frantzeskaki, N.; Griffith, C.; Maddox, D.; McPhearson, T.; Parnell, S.; Romero-Lankao, P.; Simon, D.; Watkins, M. (Eds.) 2018. The urban planet: knowledge towards sustainable cities. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 482p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554]
Urban development ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Urbanization ; Towns ; Urban planning ; Landscape design ; Innovation adoption ; Knowledge management ; Environmental effects ; Resilience ; Indicators ; International organizations ; UN ; State intervention ; Governance ; Political aspects ; Leadership ; Civil societies ; Policies ; Financing ; Macroeconomics ; Social aspects / Arab countries / India / Pakistan / Kenya / Karachi / Nairobi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048771)
https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/urban-planet/05E1CEDF6B9DF4E4B95AB8B4474C3C71
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048771_TOC.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048771_TOC.pdf
(0.11 MB)
14 Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust (WWT) Consulting; Nanjing University Ecological Research Institute of Changshu; China. National Forestry and Grassland Administration. Department of Wetlands Management. 2018. Good practices handbook for integrating urban development and wetland conservation. Slimbridge, UK: Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust (WWT). WWT Consulting. 49p.
Wetlands ; Urban development ; Good practices ; Handbooks ; Urban planning ; Integrated development ; Trends ; Environmental protection ; International cooperation ; Conventions ; Treaties ; Case studies / USA / UK / Panama / China / Republic of Korea / Japan / Australia / Singapore / Hong Kong (China) / Philippines / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048972)
https://www.wwtconsulting.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Good-practices-urban-wetlands-handbook-181004-FOR-WEBSITE.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048972.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048972.pdf
(7.10 MB) (7.10 MB)
15 Karg, H. 2018. Urban development. In Karg, H.; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Atlas of West African urban food systems: examples from Ghana and Burkina Faso. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). pp.6-11.
Urban development ; Urbanization ; Settlement ; Urban planning ; Land markets ; Population growth ; Farmers / West Africa / Ghana / Burkina Faso / Tamale / Ouagadougou
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049015)
(2.58 MB)
16 Bellwood-Howard, I. 2018. Backyard farming. In Karg, H.; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Atlas of West African urban food systems: examples from Ghana and Burkina Faso. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). pp.30-31.
Farming systems ; Backyard farming ; Urban planning ; Urban agriculture ; Commercial farming ; Crop production ; Farmers / Ghana / Burkina Faso / Tamale / Ouagadougou
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049018)
(460 KB)
17 Karg, H. 2018. Markets. In Karg, H.; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Atlas of West African urban food systems: examples from Ghana and Burkina Faso. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). pp.52-59.
Food supply ; Markets ; Consumer behaviour ; Vegetables ; Lettuces ; Livestock production ; Milk production ; Biological contamination ; Urban planning / Ghana / Burkina Faso / Tamale / Ouagadougou
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049023)
(1.00 MB)
18 Lechner, A. M.; Gomes, R. L.; Rodrigues, L.; Ashfold, M. J.; Selvam, S. B.; Wong, E. P.; Raymond, C. M.; Zieritz, A.; Sing, K. W.; Moug, P.; Billa, L.; Sagala, S.; Cheshmehzangi, A.; Lourdes, K.; Azhar, B.; Sanusi, R.; Ives, C. D.; Tang, Y.-T.; Tan, D. T.; Chan, F. K. S.; Nath, T. K.; Sabarudin, N. A. B.; Metcalfe, S. E.; Gulsrud, N. M.; Schuerch, M.; Campos-Arceiz, A.; Macklin, M. G.; Gibbins, C. 2020. Challenges and considerations of applying nature-based solutions in low- and middle-income countries in Southeast and East Asia. Blue-Green Systems, 2(1):331-351. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2020.014]
Natural resources ; Ecosystem services ; Urbanization ; Climate change ; Infrastructure ; Biodiversity ; Environmental factors ; Risk ; Conflicts ; Policies ; Governance ; Flooding ; Urban planning / South East Asia / China / Malaysia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050353)
https://iwaponline.com/bgs/article-pdf/2/1/331/868271/bgs0020331.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050353.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050353.pdf
(0.60 MB) (616 KB)
Low- and middle-income countries in Southeast and East Asia face a range of challenges related to the rapid pace of urbanisation in the region, the scale of pollution, climate change, loss of ecosystem services and associated difficulties for ecological restoration. Possible pathways towards a more sustainable future lie in the applications of nature-based solutions (NBS). However, there is relatively little literature on the application of NBS in the region, particularly Southeast Asia. In this paper we address this gap by assessing the socio-ecological challenges to the application of NBS in the region – one of the most globally biodiverse. We first provide an overview and background on NBS and its underpinnings in biodiversity and ecosystem services. We then present a typology describing five unique challenges for the application of NBS in the region: (1) Characteristics of urbanisation; (2) Biophysical environmental and climatic context; (3) Environmental risks and challenges for restoration; (4) Human nature relationships and conflicts; and (5) Policy and governance context. Exploiting the opportunities through South-South and North-South collaboration to address the challenges of NBS in Southeast and East Asia needs to be a priority for government, planners and academics.
19 Cremades, R.; Sanchez-Plaza, A.; Hewitt, R. J.; Mitter, H.; Baggio, J. A.; Olazabal, M.; Broekman, A.; Kropf, B.; Tudose, N. C. 2021. Guiding cities under increased droughts: the limits to sustainable urban futures. Ecological Economics, 189:107140. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107140]
Climate Change ; Cities ; Drought ; Sustainability ; Urban planning ; Land use ; Water scarcity ; Energy ; Nexus ; Water availability ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water use ; River basins ; Ecosystems ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Stakeholders ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Policies / Spain / Mediterranean Basin / Benidorm
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050598)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800921001981/pdfft?md5=d2ce988ef4afa6ea4730fec047e11a0c&pid=1-s2.0-S0921800921001981-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050598.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050598.pdf
(1.91 MB) (1.91 MB)
Climate change is likely to increase droughts. The vulnerability of cities to droughts is increasing worldwide. Policy responses from cities to droughts lack consideration of long-term climatic and socio-economic scenarios, and focus on short-term emergency actions that disregard sustainability in the connected regional and river basin systems. We aim to explore the dynamics of the water-energy-land nexus in urban systems suffering increased climate change-related droughts, and their implications for sustainability. We complement a case study with a literature review providing cross-regional insights, and detail pervasive knowledge, policy and ambition gaps in the interaction between cities and droughts. We show that water availability with low emissions, without compromising ecosystems and with low costs to society, poses a local-scale limit to sustainable urban growth, a new concept delineating the limits to growth in cities. We conclude that urban and river basin planners need to institutionalize transparency and cross-sectoral integration in multi-sector partnerships, to consider long-term land use planning together with water and energy, and to apply integrated climate services to cities. Our study reveals the importance of including land, water and energy in long-term urban planning, and to connect them with the county, region, river basin and global scales.
20 Wickenberg, B.; McCormick, K.; Olsson, J. A. 2021. Advancing the implementation of nature-based solutions in cities: a review of frameworks. Environmental Science and Policy, 125:44-53. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2021.08.016]
Ecosystem services ; Cities ; Frameworks ; Urban planning ; Biodiversity ; Multi-stakeholder processes ; Sustainability ; Collaboration ; Innovation ; Infrastructure ; Climate change
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050601)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901121002367/pdfft?md5=4387a376b5dd94ccb63213871e62ae3f&pid=1-s2.0-S1462901121002367-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050601.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050601.pdf
(2.69 MB) (2.69 MB)
Nature-based solutions (NBS) can help tackle climate change and advance urban sustainability by using nature to deliver social, ecological and economic benefits. However, their success largely depend on implementation for which several barriers exist. For NBS to be meaningful in terms of delivering positive impacts in cities, we need better understanding of how implementation is embedded in NBS frameworks. The aim of this paper is to i) understand how frameworks address implementation, and ii) extract and synthesize key elements and conditions required for enabling the implementation process. Taking a hermeneutic approach, the paper makes use of pre-understanding to interpret and analyse 'the whole' and 'the parts' of the implementation process and discuss how the discourse on NBS implementation could advance towards more operational understanding. This paper suggests that multi-stakeholder collaboration and co-creation of knowledge are important prerequisites for shared understanding of problems, developing actionable knowledge and adapting NBS to site-specific societal challenges. Advancing knowledge about the NBS implementation process is relevant for capacity building and governance of NBS at the local level and bridging policy areas, stakeholders and the knowledge needed to make NBS become relevant to broader society. However, more research is needed to i) move beyond conceptual propositions and towards operational understanding of NBS principles and ii) improve the understanding of how local collaboration and co-creation of knowledge can enhance capacity building and support implementation of NBS.
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