Your search found 26 records
1 Chatila, J. G. 2005. Water tariffs in Lebanon: A review and perspective. Water Policy, 7(2):215-226.
Tariffs ; Water rates ; Legislation ; Water supply ; Water costs ; Drinking water ; Irrigation water / Lebanon
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H 37298)
2 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2009. Managing water for all: an OECD perspective on pricing and financing. Paris Cedex, France: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 147p.
Water management ; Water stress ; Water supply ; Sanitation ; Pricing ; Financing ; Investment ; Legal aspects ; Tariffs
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045169)
(0.83 MB) (853KB)
3 Gulati, M.; Pahuja, S. 2015. Direct delivery of power subsidy to agriculture in India. Vienna, Austria: Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All); Washington, DC, USA: World Bank Group. Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). 92p.
Agricultural sector ; Groundwater irrigation ; Electrical energy ; Electricity supplies ; Subsidies ; Tariffs ; Metering ; Incentives ; Water resources ; Water use ; Tube wells ; Solar energy ; Pumps ; Information and Communication Technologies (icts) ; Models ; Performance evaluation ; State intervention ; Stakeholders ; Costs ; Farmers ; Income ; Rural areas ; Sustainability ; Questionnaires / India / Bihar / Karnataka / Punjab / Gujarat
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047223)
http://www.se4all.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/SE4All-Direct_Delivery_of_Power_Subsidy_to_Agriculture_in_India.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047223.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047223.pdf
(1.64 MB) (1.60 MB)
4 Shah, Tushaar; Verma, Shilp. 2016. Co-management of electricity and groundwater: an assessment of Gujarat's Jyotirgram Scheme. In Shah, M.; Vijayshankar, P. S. (Eds.). Water: growing understanding, emerging perspectives. New Delhi, India: Orient BlackSwan. pp.465-482. (Readings on the Economy, Polity and Society)
Groundwater management ; Electricity supplies ; Groundwater irrigation ; Tube wells ; Pumps ; Tariffs ; Rural economy ; Agriculture ; Subsidies ; Nonfarm income ; Farmers attitudes ; Landlessness ; Living standards ; Villages ; Political aspects ; Case studies ; Assessment / India / Gujarat / Jyotirgram Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047748)
(1.37 MB)
5 Shah, Manisha; Chowdhury, Sujata Das; Shah, Tushaar. 2017. Pro-poor farm power policy for West Bengal: analytical background for a policy pilot. IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Highlight, 1. 8p.
Groundwater irrigation ; Water market ; Water rates ; Farm surveys ; Energy policies ; Electricity supplies ; Tariffs ; Pumps ; Tube wells ; Rice ; Farmers ; Experimental design ; Villages / India / West Bengal / Monoharpur
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048313)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/iwmi-tata/PDFs/iwmi-tata_water_policy_research_highlight-issue_01_2017.pdf
(2.89 MB)
6 Humphreys, E.; van der Kerk, A.; Fonseca, C. 2018. Public finance for water infrastructure development and its practical challenges for small towns. Water Policy, 20(S1):100-111. (Special issue: Water Services in Small Towns - Experiences from the Global South) [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.007]
Water resources development ; Public finance ; Water supply ; Infrastructure ; Urban areas ; Towns ; Sustainable Development Goals ; State intervention ; Accountability ; Income ; Tariffs ; Taxes ; Loans ; Capital market ; Population density ; Equity
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048720)
(0.15 MB)
The small and fluctuating population, the economic characteristics and administrative capacity of small towns not only pose infrastructural challenges for providing services, but also limit the possibilities for generating local revenues for financing water infrastructure development and maintenance. This limited ability to generate local resources for water infrastructure is exacerbated by the way in which scarce public funds are allocated. A first concern is linked to an urban bias that characterizes allocation of funds by central governments. A second concerns the prioritization of other sectors by allocation decisions of local governments. These local governments often prioritize other sectors such as education, health and agriculture for the use of scarce local public resources. What this discussion highlights is that existing models used for financing water infrastructure development do not seem very applicable to the realities of small towns. Additional research and models are necessary to allow for solutions that are better tailored to these realities.
7 Horne, J.; Tortajada, C.; Harrington, L. 2018. Achieving the sustainable development goals: improving water services in cities affected by extreme weather events. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 34(4):475-489. (Special issue: Urban Resilience to Droughts and Floods: Policies and Governance). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2018.1464902]
Sustainable Development Goals ; Water supply ; Towns ; Extreme weather events ; Climate change ; Water governance ; Water policy ; Financing ; Tariffs ; Disaster risk management ; Informal settlements ; Slums
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048812)
(1.19 MB)
This article discusses how key risks from extreme weather events might affect progress towards meeting Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 11 in cities in developing countries. It outlines the magnitude of the existing shortfall in safe water and sanitation services, and how climate change will exacerbate existing problems. It argues that the performance of many governments thus far has lacked urgency and purpose. Unless governments in particular become more committed, with redoubled effort, the goals are unlikely to be achieved.
8 Bouet, A.; Laborde, D. (Eds.) 2017. Agriculture, development, and the global trading system: 2000 - 2015. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 469p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896292499]
International trade ; Agricultural policies ; Development programmes ; Trade policies ; Trade agreements ; Negotiation ; Food security ; Food stocks ; Agricultural prices ; Domestic markets ; Price volatility ; Market access ; Economic impact ; Tariffs ; Subsidies ; Trade organizations ; WTO ; European Union ; Legal frameworks ; Agricultural insurance ; Crop insurance ; Cotton ; Rice ; Wheat ; Oilseeds ; Soybeans ; Imports ; Exports ; Taxes ; Food aid ; Farmers ; Models / USA / Russian Federation / Brazil / India / China / Canada / Qatar / Uruguay / Indonesia / Doha Development Agenda / Bali
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048949)
https://www.ifpri.org/cdmref/p15738coll2/id/131381/filename/131592.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048949.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048949.pdf
(5.42 MB) (5.42 MB)
This book is devoted to the complex relationship between the global trading system and food security, focusing on two important elements: the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) and how food price volatility can be managed, or not, through trade instruments. The first section of the book is based on the premise that more trade integration can fight poverty and alleviate hunger. The second section examines whether managing price volatility is doable through more or less trade integration. This section deals in particular with policy instruments available for policy makers to cope with price volatility: food stocks, crop insurance, and export restrictions. Analysis concludes that without a strong and efficient World Trade Organization (WTO) capable of conducting ambitious trade negotiations, the food security target will be much more difficult to hit.
9 McMillan, M.; Rodrik, D.; Sepulveda, C. (Eds.) 2016. Structural change, fundamentals, and growth: a framework and case studies. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 305p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896292147]
Structural change ; Economic growth ; Economic structure ; Frameworks ; Case studies ; Agricultural productivity ; Trade liberalization ; Gross national product ; Manufacturing ; Trade policies ; Industrialization ; Human capital ; Labour market ; Unemployment ; Government policy ; Private sector ; Tariffs ; Constraints ; Political aspects ; Social change ; Transformation ; Households ; Developing countries ; Urbanization / India / Vietnam / Botswana / Ghana / Nigeria / Zambia / Brazil / Gujarat / Maharashtra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.9 G000 MCM Record No: H049061)
https://www.ifpri.org/cdmref/p15738coll2/id/131168/filename/131379.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049061.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049061.pdf
(4.12 MB) (4.12 MB)
10 Aheeyar, Mohamed; Manthrithilake, Herath; Ranasinghe, Chathuranga; Rengaraj, Manooj; Gamagedara, Yasas; Barron, Jennie. 2019. Mechanizing water lifting through pumps: a case study in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 61p. (IWMI Working Paper 188) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.206]
Water lifting ; Water supply ; Water management ; Water quality ; Water scarcity ; Pumps ; Agricultural credit ; Small scale farming ; Market prices ; Hydrological factors ; Farmers ; Investment ; Taxes ; Tariffs ; Wells ; Irrigation programs ; Microirrigation ; State intervention ; Groundwater extraction ; Groundwater irrigation ; Cultivated land ; Seasonal cropping ; Intensification ; Women’s participation ; Case studies / Sri Lanka / Mahaweli H System / Thirappane / Medawachchiya / Karadiyan Aru
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049141)
(2.20 MB)
A reliable supply of water is critical for agricultural intensification and yield improvement. Technological devices that lift, transport and apply water contribute to increased yield from improved crop varieties and high input cultivation. The increasing use of motor pumps is a significant contribution to the development of small-scale irrigation. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the trajectories of technological innovations and uptake for agricultural water management in farming systems in Sri Lanka, with a special focus on identifying impacts, emerging issues and potential responses to the rapid proliferation of motor pumps in the intensification of agriculture in the country. The Government of Sri Lanka promoted the rapid adoption of water pumps through interventions such as the development of groundwater wells for agriculture; provision of subsidies and credit facilities for purchasing micro-irrigation equipment; and government policies on tax, tariffs and extension support. At the same time, the high profit margin realized from cash crop cultivation motivated farmers to invest in water lifting and related technologies. Finally, water scarcity and restrictions on the use of surface water, i.e., canals, prompted a shift to using water-lifting technologies to pump groundwater. The use of water pumps in agriculture has expanded the area under cultivation; increased cropping intensity, especially during the dry seasons; changed the cropping pattern from low-return rice cultivation to high-return cash crop cultivation; and enhanced household incomes. Expanded and intensified cultivation has provided more opportunities for women to participate in agriculture, generating additional income, and enhancing their purchasing power and decision-making at the household level. Some farmers do not have groundwater wells and water pumps because they lack the necessary capital to make the initial investment. Smallholder farmers, in particular, are reluctant to risk their limited income on new technologies. This may lead to the further marginalization of poor farmers. Inclusive intensification will require helping farmers to access irrigation technology, for example, through carefully targeted subsidies and access to credit. Using water pumps can provide benefits to both users and non-users, but uncontrolled groundwater extraction may also create new problems by putting enormous pressure on common property resources. The government will need to take on a dual role to both promote the inclusive growth of small-scale irrigation, and to prevent and mitigate its negative environmental impacts. This second role may include establishing a regulatory system, setting standards for well construction, and monitoring and enforcing standards on extraction and water quality. There is an urgent need for institutional measures and governance arrangements to guide and regulate groundwater irrigation, especially in the context of intensive cultivation using shallow aquifers.
11 Suwal, B. R.; Zhao, J.; Raina, A.; Wu, X.; Chindarkar, N.; Kumar, K. C. B.; Whittington, D. 2019. Households' preferences for water tariff structures in Kathmandu, Nepal. Water Policy, 21(S1):9-28. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.079]
Water supply ; Water rates ; Tariffs ; Prices ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Water use ; Case studies ; Strategies ; Models / Nepal / Kathmandu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049459)
(0.29 MB)
Despite being politically sensitive, water tariffs are frequently administered without information about households' preferences for tariff structures. In this paper we examine the tariff preferences of 1,500 households in Kathmandu, Nepal. We first use a bivariate probit model to examine stated preferences for (1) an increasing block tariff (IBT) and (2) a positive fixed charge. We find that household preferences for IBTs and fixed charges are not easily explained by household socioeconomic and water use characteristics. Second, we ask respondents what they think a fair water bill would be for a randomly assigned quantity of water. We model the responses as a function of both quantity and household socioeconomic and water use characteristics. While households support a water tariff that results in a household's water bill increasing as a household's water use increases, we do not find evidence that households support an increasing, nonlinear relationship between water use and a household's water bill. Our results suggest that respondents desire affordable piped water services and water bills that are calculated fairly for everyone. Because the notion of fairness in Kathmandu varies, utility managers may have considerable latitude in choosing a tariff structure that focuses on other objectives, such as cost recovery, revenue stability, and economic efficiency.
12 Makochekanwa, A.; Matchaya, Greenwell. 2019. Regional trade integration in eastern and southern Africa. In Bouet, A.; Odjo, S. P. (Eds.). Africa agriculture trade monitor 2019. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). pp.134-179.
Regional development ; International trade ; Trade agreements ; Economic integration ; Agricultural trade ; Domestic markets ; Tariffs ; Imports ; Exports ; Market research ; Indicators ; Informal sector ; Monitoring ; Costs ; SADC countries / Eastern Africa / Southern Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049471)
http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/133390#img_view_container
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049471.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049471.pdf
(2.40 MB) (12.2 MB)
13 Shah, Manisha; Chowdhury, S. D.; Shah, Tushaar. 2018. Pro-poor farm power policy for West Bengal: analytical background for a policy pilot in Monoharpur village, West Bengal. In Swain, M.; Kalamkar, S. S. (Eds). Water governance in India: issues and concerns. New Delhi, India: Allied Publishers. pp.265-276.
Groundwater irrigation ; Electricity ; Energy consumption ; Shallow tube wells ; Pumps ; Water market ; Water rates ; Water pricing ; Tariffs ; Water policy ; Farmers ; Economic aspects ; Villages / India / West Bengal / Monoharpur
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049510)
(3.36 MB)
14 Shah, Manisha; Daschowdhury, S.; Shah, Tushaar. 2019. Pro-poor agricultural power policy for West Bengal. Paper presented at the 3rd World Irrigation Forum (WIF3) on Development for Water, Food and Nutrition Security in a Competitive Environment, Bali, Indonesia, 1-7 September 2019. 12p.
Energy policies ; Electricity supplies ; Energy consumption ; Tariffs ; Water market ; Water pricing ; Irrigation ; Costs ; Agricultural production ; Rice ; Farmers ; Groundwater ; Shallow tube wells ; Pumps ; Poverty ; Economic aspects ; Villages / India / West Bengal / Birbhum / Monoharpur
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049709)
(0.19 MB) (192 KB)
Sitting on one of the world’s best aquifers, large swathes of West Bengal has groundwater in abundance. Even so, the state’s farmers incur one of the highest irrigation costs in India. In spite of a series of groundwater and electricity policy changes, West Bengal’s farmers fare no better. This paper brings findings from a yearlong research pilot based in Monoharpur village of Birbhum district. The pilot shows how the current electricity tariff structure has made irrigation unaffordable for small and marginal farmers, and has made irrigation services market tightly oligopolistic. If not revised, the agricultural economy, especially that of summer paddy which ensures household security of poor farmers, is likely to taper off in future.
15 Mukherji, Aditi; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Mitra, Archisman; Banerjee, P. S.; Chowdhury, S. D. 2020. Does increased access to groundwater irrigation through electricity reforms affect agricultural and groundwater outcomes?: evidence from West Bengal, India. Final project report submitted to the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR). Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 64p.
Groundwater irrigation ; Water availability ; Electricity supplies ; Reforms ; Electrification ; Pumps ; Agricultural development ; Cropping patterns ; Crop yield ; Rice ; Share cropping ; Monsoon climate ; Water market ; Tariffs ; Energy consumption ; Tube wells ; Water policy ; Groundwater table ; Farmers ; Women's participation ; Villages ; Socioeconomic environment ; Migration ; Econometrics / India / West Bengal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049869)
(6.21 MB)
16 Mukherji, Aditi. 2022. Sustainable groundwater management in India needs a water-energy-food nexus approach. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 44(1):394-410. (Special issue: CWAE 40th Anniversary) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13123]
Groundwater management ; Sustainability ; Water policy ; Energy policies ; Food policies ; Nexus ; Green revolution ; Public investment ; Private investment ; Subsidies ; Groundwater depletion ; Groundwater irrigation ; Electricity supplies ; Tariffs ; Solar energy ; Pumps ; Pumping ; Canals ; Tube wells ; Water use ; Food prices ; Agriculture ; Food production ; Nutrition / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050121)
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aepp.13123
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050121.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050121.pdf
(1.07 MB) (1.07 MB)
Groundwater depletion in India is a result of water, energy, and food policies that have given rise to a nexus where growth in agriculture has been supported by unsustainable trends in water and energy use. This nexus emanates from India’s policy of providing affordable calories to its large population. This requires that input prices are kept low, leading to perverse incentives that encourage groundwater overexploitation. The paper argues that solutions to India’s groundwater problems need to be embedded within the current context of its water-energy-food nexus. Examples are provided of changes underway in some water-energy-food policies that may halt further groundwater depletion.
17 Sanabria, S.; Torres, J. 2020. Water price: environment sustainability and resource cost. Water, 12(11):3176. (Special issue: Water Economics and Water Distribution Management) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w12113176]
Water pricing ; Environmental sustainability ; Water management ; Water supply ; Tariffs ; Water use ; Economic value ; Water deficit ; Water scarcity ; Water availability ; Cost recovery ; Stochastic processes ; Simulation models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050099)
(0.44 MB) (448 KB)
The determination of a price for water is an open discussion among related players, directly or indirectly, in water management. In the context of the recovery of water service costs, as referred to in Article 9 of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD), legislation applicable in all member countries of the European Union, the total water cost is broken down into three blocks; financial, environmental, and resource. It is the last component that generates the most uncertainty both in its conceptualization and in its valuation. The need to establish a pricing system for water (water tariff) implies that the different concepts that make it up are correctly delimited. The main goal of this paper is to propose a first approximation to a new theoretical framework to establish a relationship between environmental sustainability and the valuation of the resource cost—given that current water consumption can provoke future water availability difficulties, making it a scarce commodity that resource cost must be correctly delimited. Taking into account the prospective nature of environmental sustainability, the measure of its value should be based on the use of stochastic models that reflect the associated uncertainty.
18 Fuente, D.; Kabubo-Mariara, J.; Kimuyu, P.; Mwaura, M.; Whittington, D. 2021. Assessing the performance of water and sanitation tariffs: the case of Nairobi, Kenya. Water Resources Research, 58p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025791]
Water use ; Sanitation ; Water pricing ; Tariffs ; Wastewater ; Water conservation ; Policy making ; Cost recovery ; Water rates ; Developing countries ; Households / Africa / Kenya / Nairobi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050582)
(0.96 MB)
Policymakers and utility managers can use a variety of tariff structures to calculate customers’ bills for water and sanitation services, ranging from a simple fixed monthly fee to complicated multi-part tariffs with seasonal pricing based on metered water use. This paper examines the performance of several alternative tariff structures for water and wastewater services in Nairobi, Kenya using a dynamic tariff simulation model applied to a complete set of billing records from Nairobi City Water and Sewer Company. Simulations show that a uniform volumetric price tariff structure performs as well as or better than several increasing block tariff structures across the six performance metrics considered (customer welfare, social welfare, cost recovery, the subsidy delivered through the tariff, subsidy incidence, and water conservation). These findings are robust to changes in the level of cost recovery. This finding challenges the wisdom of the widespread use of increasing block tariffs (IBTs) in low- and middle-income countries and current perceptions of best practice in tariff design.
19 Shah, Tushaar; Chowdhury, S. D. 2021. Farm power policies and groundwater markets: contrasting Gujarat with West Bengal (1990-2015). In Fujita, K.; Mizushima, T. (Eds.). Sustainable development in India: groundwater irrigation, energy use, and food production. Oxon, UK: Routledge. pp.226-247. (Routledge New Horizons in South Asian Studies)
Groundwater ; Water market ; Policies ; Tariffs ; Pumps ; Farmers ; Water rates / India / Gujarat / West Bengal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H050615)
This chapter examines the effects of such power sector reforms on the functioning of groundwater markets at the local level by comparing the cases of Gujarat and West Bengal. In Gujarat, an innovative power sector reform program (called Jotigram Yojona) was launched. The West Bengal state government, on the contrary, introduced a metering system to agriculture in place of the flat tariff while abolishing the electric tube well permit system. Consequently, the groundwater markets shrunk and/or the water charges paid by less resourceful farmers to the well owners increased in both states. The results imply that the power sector reforms, although they contributed to the reduction of the nexus problem, produced severe ill effects upon the farmers placed in weaker market positions.
20 Yashodha, Yashodha; Sanjay, Aditi; Mukherji, Aditi. 2021. Solar irrigation in India: a situation analysis report. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 29p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.217]
Solar energy ; Groundwater irrigation ; Policies ; Agricultural sector ; Renewable energy ; Business models ; Pumps ; Tariffs ; Electricity ; Subsidies ; State intervention ; Farmers / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050619)
(783 KB)
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