Your search found 51 records
1 Pal, D. K.; Bhattacharyya, T.; Chandran, P.; Ray, S. K. 2009. Tectonics-climate-linked natural soil degradation and its impact in rainfed agriculture: Indian experience. In Wani, S. P.; Rockstrom, J.; Oweis, T. (Eds.). Rainfed agriculture: unlocking the potential. Wallingford, UK: CABI; Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) pp.54-72. (Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Series 7)
Soil degradation ; Rainfed farming ; Climate ; Soil types ; Vertisols / India / Indo Gangetic Plains
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.586 G000 WAN Record No: H041993)
2 Chaponniere, Anne; Boulet, G.; Chehbouni, A.; Aresmouk, A. 2008. Understanding hydrological processes with scarce data in a mountain environment. Hydrological Processes, 22(12):1908-1921. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6775]
Hydrology ; Simulation models ; Calibration ; Stream flow ; Measurement ; Time series analysis ; Remote sensing ; Precipitation ; Water balance ; Highlands ; Mountains ; Watersheds ; Reservoirs ; Snow cover ; Geology ; Topography ; Land use ; Soil types ; Groundwater ; Evapotranspiration ; Runoff ; Infiltration ; Percolation / Morocco / Rheraya Watershed / Atlas Mountains
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042330)
(2.48 MB)
Performance of process-based hydrological models is usually assessed through comparison between simulated and measured streamflow. Although necessary, this analysis is not sufficient to estimate the quality and realism of the modelling since streamflow integrates all processes of the water cycle, including intermediate production or redistribution processes such as snowmelt or groundwater flow. Assessing the performance of hydrological models in simulating accurately intermediate processes is often difficult and requires heavy experimental investments. In this study, conceptual hydrological modelling (using SWAT) of a semi-arid mountainous watershed in the High Atlas in Morocco is attempted. Our objective is to analyse whether good intermediate processes simulation is reached when global-satisfying streamflow simulation is possible. First, parameters presenting intercorrelation issues are identified: from the soil, the groundwater and, to a lesser extent, from the snow. Second, methodologies are developed to retrieve information from accessible intermediate hydrological processes. A geochemical method is used to quantify the contribution of a superficial and a deep reservoir to streamflow. It is shown that, for this specific process, the model formalism is not adapted to our study area and thus leads to poor simulation results. A remote-sensing methodology is proposed to retrieve the snow surfaces. Comparison with the simulation shows that this process can be satisfyingly simulated by the model. The multidisciplinary approach adopted in this study, although supported by the hydrological community, is still uncommon.
3 Bruggeman, A.; Ouessar, M.; Mohtar, R. H. (Eds.) 2008. Watershed management in dry areas, challenges and opportunities: proceedings of a workshop held in Jerba, Tunisia, 4-7 January 2005. Aleppo, Syria: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). 173p.
Watershed management ; Water resource management ; Soil conservation ; Soil types ; Water conservation ; Soil management ; Arid lands ; Mountains ; Highlands ; Reservoirs ; Assessment ; GIS ; Water harvesting ; Runoff ; Sedimentation ; Infiltration ; Hydrology ; Analysis ; Rain ; Flooding ; Drought ; Models ; Calibration ; Rural areas ; Water table ; Groundwater recharge ; Wells ; Supplemental irrigation ; Cost benefit analysis ; Case studies / North Africa / Middle East / Morocco / Tunisia / Yemen / Algeria / USA / Oum Zessar Watershed / Red Sea / Walnut Gulch Watershed / Kamech Watershed / Zaghouan / Oued Zioud Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G229 BRU Record No: H034797)
(0.60 MB)
4 Islam, A.; Gautam, R. S. 2009. Groundwater resource conditions, socio-economic impacts and policy-institutional options: a case study of Vaishali District of Bihar, India. In Mukherji, Aditi; Villholth, K. G.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Wang, J. (Eds.) Groundwater governance in the Indo-Gangetic and Yellow River basins: realities and challenges. London, UK: CRC Press. pp.105-118. (IAH Selected Papers on Hydrogeology 15)
Groundwater irrigation ; Tube well irrigation ; Communal irrigation systems ; Wells ; Pumps ; Public policy ; Water table ; Soil types ; Small farms ; Farm size ; Farmers ; Case studies / India / Bihar / Vaishali / Lalgani / Saraiya / Amritpur
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G570 MUK Record No: H042225)
5 Yamazaki, F. 1992. Paddy field engineering. Bangkok, Thailand: Asian Institute of Technology (AIT). Irrigation Engineering and Management Program. 425p.
Paddy fields ; Engineering ; Rice ; Rainfed farming ; Irrigated farming ; Soil types ; Labor ; Percolation ; Surface drainage ; Subsurface drainage ; Runoff ; Canals ; Land management ; Farmland ; Irrigation programs ; Crop production
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 630 G000 YAM Record No: H044520)
(0.50 MB)
6 Erkossa, T.; Stahr, K.; Gaiser, T. 2004. Participatory soil quality assessment: the case of smallholder farmers in Ethiopian highlands. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 42(7):793-797. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/SR04021]
Soil management ; Soil quality ; Soil types ; Indicators ; Watersheds ; Highlands ; Farmers ; Crop production / Ethiopia / Gimbichu District / Caffee Doonsa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044812)
(0.28 MB)
The study was conducted at Caffee Doonsa (08°88'N, 39°08'E; 2400 m asl), a small watershed in the central highlands of Ethiopia, in order to identify farmers’ goals of soil management and the indicators they use in selecting soils for a certain function, and to categorise the soils in different quality groups with respect to the major functions. Thirty-six male farmers of different age and wealth groups participated in a Participatory Rural Appraisal technique. They listed and prioritised 12 soil functions in the area and itemised the soil quality indicators (characteristics). Based on the indicators, the soils in the watershed were classified into 3 soil quality (SQ) groups (Abolse, Kooticha, and Carii). The SQ groups have been evaluated and ranked for the major soil functions. For crop production, Abolse was graded best, followed by Kooticha and Carii, respectively. The grain and straw yield data of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) taken from the SQ groups confirmed the farmers claim, in that Abolse gave the highest grain yield (4573 kg/ha), followed by 4411 and 3657 kg/ha for Kooticha and Carii, respectively. Local insights should be included in systematic soil quality assessment, and in planning and implementation of various soil management interventions.
7 Deelstra, J.; Kakumanu, Krishna Reddy; Reddy, S. K.; Nagothu, U. S.; Lakshmanan, G. V. A.; Arasu, M. S. 2016. Water productivity under different rice growing practices: results from farmer-led field demonstrations in India. In Nagothu, U. S. (Ed.). Climate change and agricultural development: improving resilience through climate smart agriculture, agroecology and conservation. Oxon, UK: Routledge. pp.185-205.
Water productivity ; Water balance ; Water quality ; Groundwater ; Irrigated rice ; Sowing ; Traditional farming ; Cultivation ; Farmers ; Intensification ; Crop yield ; Evapotranspiration ; Soil types / India / Andhra Pradesh / Tamil Nadu / Telangana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047889)
8 Kumar, P.; Herath, S.; Avtar, R.; Takeuchi, K. 2016. Mapping of groundwater potential zones in Killinochi area, Sri Lanka, using GIS and remote sensing techniques. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2(4):419-430. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-016-0072-5]
Groundwater potential ; Groundwater table ; Mapping ; Remote sensing ; GIS ; Arid zones ; Geology ; Geomorphology ; Soil types ; Slope ; Land use ; Land cover ; Rain / Sri Lanka / Killinochi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047907)
(2.47 MB)
Groundwater is a vital natural capital for the consistent and economic provision of potable water supply for both rural and urban environments. There is now a strong consensus that climate change poses a fundamental challenge to the well-being of all countries, with potential of being the harshest on countries already suffering from water scarcity. Dry zone of Killinochi basin in Northern Sri Lanka, which was devastated by civil war for last 25 years, is again being revitalized by human settlement and urbanization in last couple of years. However, the decreasing trend in the rainfall regime of the dry zones and the increase in population size (temporary inflow) and, hence, the demand for water for irrigation and other livelihood requirements, calls for a sustainable exploitation of the groundwater resources in the region. The development of a reasonable model for groundwater potential is need for the present time. This work strives to generate groundwater potential zonation map using integrated use of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) for Killinochi area, Northern Sri Lanka. Five different themes of information, such as geomorphology, geology, soil type (extracted from existing topo sheet); slope [generated from shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM)]; and land use/land cover (extracted from digital processing of AVNIR satellite data) were integrated with weighted overlay in GIS to generate groundwater potential zonation map of the area. The final map of the area was demarcated by four different zones of groundwater prospects, viz., good (5.32 % of the area), moderate (61.90 % of the area) poor (26.61 % of the area), and very poor (6.17 % of area). The hydrogeomorphological units, such as alluvial plain, low slope area, and land occupied by forest, are prospective zones for groundwater occurrence in the study area.
9 Mustafa, S. M. T.; Vanuytrecht, E.; Huysmans, M. 2017. Combined deficit irrigation and soil fertility management on different soil textures to improve wheat yield in drought-prone Bangladesh. Agricultural Water Management, 191:124-137. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.06.011]
Irrigation management ; Water deficit ; Soil fertility ; Soil management ; Soil texture ; Water productivity ; Models ; Crop yield ; Wheat ; Irrigation scheduling ; Soil water content ; Soil types ; Meteorological observations ; Drought ; Precipitation ; Strategies / Bangladesh / Dhaka / Mymensigh / Rajshahi / Rangpur
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048223)
(2.35 MB)
Proper utilization of water resources is very important in agro-based and drought-prone Bangladesh. Sustainable use of water resources in agriculture requires irrigation schedules based on local environmental conditions, soil type and water availability. In this study, the water productivity model AquaCrop was used to simulate different water and fertilizer management strategies in a drought prone area of Bangladesh to obtain management recommendations. First, the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) were determined to quantify the aggregated deficit between precipitation and the evaporative demand of the atmosphere, which confirm that meteorological drought is occurring frequently in the study area. Also, the AquaCrop model was successfully calibrated and validated for wheat in the area, which was confirmed by the several statistical indicators, and could be used to design water and fertilizer management strategies. Simulations identified stem elongation (jointing) to booting and flowering stage as the most water sensitive stages for wheat. Deficit irrigation during the most water sensitive stages could increase the interannual yield stability and the grain yield compared to rainfed conditions for different soil fertility levels on loamy and sandy soils by 21–136% and 11–71%, respectively, while it could increase water productivity compared to full irrigation strategies. Deficit irrigation resulted in grain yields almost equal to yields under full irrigation and could at the same time save 121–197 mm of water per growing season. Specifically, we suggest two irrigation applications: one at the stem elongation (jointing) to booting stage and another at the flowering stage for loamy soils; and one at the end of seedling development to the beginning of crown root initiation stage and another at the flowering stage for sandy soils. Given the water scarcity in the region, instead of optimal fertility levels, moderate fertility levels are recommended that result in 60% of the potential biomass production for loamy soils and in 50% for sandy soils in combination with the suggested deficit irrigation strategies.
10 Owusu, Seth; Cofie, Olufunke O.; Osei-Owusu, P. K.; Awotwe-Pratt, V.; Mul, Marloes L. 2017. Adapting aquifer storage and recovery technology to the flood-prone areas of northern Ghana for dry-season irrigation. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 35p. (IWMI Working Paper 176) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.214]
Aquifers ; Water storage ; Water acquisitions ; Water use ; Waterlogging ; Water drilling ; Water quality ; Groundwater extraction ; Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater recharge ; Floodplains ; Dry season ; Artificial recharge ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation methods ; Filtration ; Environmental impact ; Socioeconomic environment ; Land use ; Sloping land ; Soil properties ; Soil types ; Geology ; Hydrological factors ; Hydraulic conductivity ; Food security ; Farmers ; Farmland ; Seasonal cropping ; Crop production ; Local communities ; Costs / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048222)
(763 KB)
The Bhungroo Irrigation Technology (BIT) is a system designed to infiltrate excess ‘standing’ floodwater to be stored underground and abstracted for irrigation during the dry season. The system was developed in India and piloted in three sites in northern Ghana. This paper documents the implementation of BIT, the operating principles and criteria for selecting appropriate sites for the installation of such systems, as well as the potential benefits complementing existing irrigation systems in Ghana. Essential requirements for the installation of BIT include biophysical features such as land-use type, soil type, surface hydrology and slope of the terrain. The hydrogeological characteristics of the subsoil are also vital, and must exhibit high storage capacity and potential for groundwater accessibility. To be profitable and generate benefits for farmers, the technology needs to be situated in close proximity to markets and must have public acceptance.
11 Zelelew, D. G. 2017. Spatial mapping and testing the applicability of the curve number method for ungauged catchments in northern Ethiopia. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 5(4):293-301. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2017.06.003]
Catchment areas ; Spatial database ; Mapping ; Testing ; Hydrological factors ; Runoff ; Discharges ; GIS ; Soil types ; Soil texture ; Land use ; Land cover ; Rain ; Estimation ; Models / Ethiopia / Godigne Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048433)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095633916300880/pdfft?md5=a01f0af5fbf5a6af8b90fb612805a7bb&pid=1-s2.0-S2095633916300880-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048433.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048433.pdf
(1.90 MB) (1.90 MB)
Understanding the spatial variability of land and water resources has significant importance for its planning, management, and utilization. It is also significant in understanding the response behavior of a catchment in order to model the basic physical processes. In this study, a weighted overlay analysis technique using ArcGIS was implemented for developing a geo-database of the standard curve number (SCN) in a catchment around Northern Ethiopia. The spatial data were used to investigate a 'standard curve number method' for the simulation of the direct runoff at the outlet of the catchment. Both spot based rainfall and runoff measuring techniques were adopted for deriving an instant observed flow measurement, and to make a comparison with the simulated flow values. The results showed that the model underestimated most of the simulated values with a coefficient of regression of R2 = 0.52, with a proportion of higher variances between the simulated and observed runoff events. The result suggests that the accuracy of the model leaves room for significant improvement and the method could not be easily adopted in the catchment and other similar catchments in the semi arid regions of Ethiopia. For improving the prediction capacity of the model, further research in adjusting loss factors in the method is recommended. It is also suggested for developing a localized and modified SCN values by considering geologic, climatic and seasonal variation. The results of this study and the maps generated can be used for improving the hydrological understanding of the catchment. The study is useful for further investigation of the SCN methodology in other un-gauged catchments around the world.
12 Tiwari, K.; Goyal, R.; Sarkar, A. 2018. GIS-based methodology for identification of suitable locations for rainwater harvesting structures. Water Resources Management, 32(5):1811-1825. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-018-1905-9]
Rainwater ; Water harvesting ; GIS ; Remote sensing ; Surface runoff ; Drainage systems ; Estimation ; Land use mapping ; Land cover mapping ; Soil types ; Slopes ; Models / India / Rajasthan / Alwar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048510)
(4.10 MB)
Presently, the water resources across the world are being continuously depleted. It is essential to find sustainable solutions for this shortage of water. Rainwater harvesting is one such promising solution to this problem. This paper presents a new GIS-based methodology to identify suitable locations for rainwater harvesting structures using only freely available imageries/remote sensing data and data from other sources. The methodology has been developed for the semi-arid environment of Khushkhera-Bhiwadi-Neemrana Investment Region (KBNIR) in Alwar district of Rajasthan. For identifying locations suitable for rainwater harvesting structures, the layers of surface elevation (ASTER-DEM), landuse/landcover, soil map, drainage map and depression map are used and further analyzed for their depression volume, and availability of surface runoff using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number (SCS-CN) method. Based on the proposed criteria total seven locations were identified, out of which two locations are excellent; three locations are good, (if provisions of overflow structure are made for them) and two locations are not suitable for rain water harvesting. The total rainwater harvesting potential of the study area is 54.49 million cubic meters which is sufficient to meet the water requirements if harvested and conserved properly. This methodology is time-saving and cost-effective. It can minimize cost of earthwork and can be utilized for the planning of cost effective water resource management.
13 Watson, A.; Miller, J.; Fleischer, M.; de Clercq, W. 2018. Estimation of groundwater recharge via percolation outputs from a rainfall/runoff model for the Verlorenvlei estuarine system, west coast, South Africa. Journal of Hydrology, 558:238-254. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.01.028]
Groundwater recharge ; Rainfall-runoff relationships ; Models ; Percolation ; Coastal area ; Brackishwater environment ; Aquifers ; Groundwater table ; Water levels ; Catchment areas ; Soil types ; Evaporation ; Evapotranspiration ; Sensitivity analysis / South Africa / Verlorenvlei Estuarine Lake
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048590)
(3.76 MB)
Wetlands are conservation priorities worldwide, due to their high biodiversity and productivity, but are under threat from agricultural and climate change stresses. To improve the water management practices and resource allocation in these complex systems, a modelling approach has been developed to estimate potential recharge for data poor catchments using rainfall data and basic assumptions regarding soil and aquifer properties. The Verlorenvlei estuarine lake (RAMSAR #525) on the west coast of South Africa is a data poor catchment where rainfall records have been supplemented with farmer’s rainfall records. The catchment has multiple competing users. To determine the ecological reserve for the wetlands, the spatial and temporal distribution of recharge had to be well constrained using the J2000 rainfall/runoff model. The majority of rainfall occurs in the mountains (±650 mm/yr) and considerably less in the valley (±280 mm/yr). Percolation was modelled as 3.6% of rainfall in the driest parts of the catchment, 10% of rainfall in the moderately wet parts of the catchment and 8.4% but up to 28.9% of rainfall in the wettest parts of the catchment. The model results are representative of rainfall and water level measurements in the catchment, and compare well with water table fluctuation technique, although estimates are dissimilar to previous estimates within the catchment. This is most likely due to the daily timestep nature of the model, in comparison to other yearly average methods. These results go some way in understanding the fact that although most semi-arid catchments have very low yearly recharge estimates, they are still capable of sustaining high biodiversity levels. This demonstrates the importance of incorporating shorter term recharge event modeling for improving recharge estimates.
14 Berazneva, J.; McBride, L.; Sheahan, M.; Guerena, D. 2018. Empirical assessment of subjective and objective soil fertility metrics in East Africa: implications for researchers and policy makers. World Development, 105:367-382. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.12.009]
Soil fertility ; Agricultural productivity ; Soil analysis ; Soil pH ; Soil types ; Soil quality ; Cation exchange capacity ; Natural resources management ; Researchers ; Policy making ; Farmers attitudes ; Crop yield ; Maize / East Africa / Kenya / Tanzania
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048769)
(1.09 MB)
Bringing together emerging lessons from biophysical and social sciences as well as newly available data, we take stock of what can be learned about the relationship among subjective (reported) and objective (measured) soil fertility and farmer input use in east Africa. We identify the correlates of Kenyan and Tanzanian maize farmers’ reported perceptions of soil fertility and assess the extent to which these subjective assessments reflect measured soil chemistry. Our results offer evidence that farmers base their perceptions of soil quality and soil type on crop yields. We also find that, in Kenya, farmers’ reported soil type is a reasonable predictor of several objective soil fertility indicators while farmer-reported soil quality is not. In addition, in exploring the extent to which publicly available soil data are adequate to capture local soil chemistry realities, we find that the time-consuming exercise of collecting detailed objective measures of soil content is justified when biophysical analysis is warranted, because farmers’ perceptions are not sufficiently strong proxies of these measures to be a reliable substitute and because currently available high-resolution geo-spatial data do not sufficiently capture local variation. In the estimation of agricultural production or profit functions, where the focus is on averages and in areas with low variability in soil properties, the addition of soil information does not considerably change the estimation results. However, having objective (measured) plot-level soil information improves the overall fit of the model and the estimation of marginal physical products of inputs. Our findings are of interest to researchers who design, field, or use data from agricultural surveys, as well as policy makers who design and implement agricultural interventions and policies.
15 Shrestha, S.; Adhikari, S. 2017. Assessment of water, energy, and carbon footprints of crop production: a case study from Southeast Nepal. In Salam, P. A.; Shrestha, S.; Pandey, V. P.; Anal, A. K. (Eds.). Water-energy-food nexus: principles and practices. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley. pp.181-190.
Crop production ; Water resources ; Food security ; Energy resources ; Irrigation systems ; Cereal crops ; Rice ; Maize ; Wheat ; Carbon footprint ; Seasonal cropping ; Monsoon climate ; Land use ; Agriculture ; Soil types ; Emission / Southeast Nepal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048747)
16 Thapa, R.; Gupta, S.; Guin, S.; Kaur, H. 2018. Sensitivity analysis and mapping the potential groundwater vulnerability zones in Birbhum District, India: a comparative approach between vulnerability models. Water Science, 32(1):44-66. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsj.2018.02.003]
Groundwater assessment ; Sensitivity analysis ; Mapping ; Models ; Forecasting ; Groundwater recharge ; Aquifers ; Hydraulic conductivity ; Soil types ; Land use ; Land cover / India / West Bengal / Birbhum
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048836)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110492917300085/pdfft?md5=51b266dc01392ceeef29146aaa27a3d4&pid=1-s2.0-S1110492917300085-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048836.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048836.pdf
(10.80 MB) (10.8 MB)
The assessment of groundwater vulnerability is essential especially in developing areas, where agriculture is the main source of the population. In the present study, four different overlay and index method, namely, DRASTIC, modified DRASTIC, pesticide DRASTIC and modified pesticide DRASTIC are implemented with a view to identifying the most appropriate method that predicts the vulnerable zone to groundwater pollution. Sensitivity analysis reveals that net recharge is the most influential parameter of the vulnerability index. Cross comparison of model output shows the highest similarity of 97% is observed between drastic and modified drastic while the maximum difference in models prediction of 49% is observed between modified drastic and pesticide drastic. Reported nitrate concentrations in groundwater are considered for validation of model-generated final output map. The prediction power of the models are assessed using success and prediction rate method and it highlights DRASTIC model as the most suitable model with 89.69% and 84.54% of the area under area under the curve (AUC) for success and prediction rate respectively.
17 Gafurov, Zafar; Eltazarov, Sarvarbek; Akramov, Bekzod; Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Anarbekov, Oyture; Solieva, Umida. 2018. Geodatabase and diagnostic atlas: Kashkadarya Province, Uzbekistan. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 74p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.217]
GIS ; Remote sensing ; River basins ; Digital technology ; Maps ; Simulation models ; Satellite imagery ; Urban population ; Urban areas ; Rural population ; Rural areas ; Population density ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation water ; Water resources ; Water storage ; Water use efficiency ; Canals ; Drainage systems ; Pumps ; Lakes ; Reservoir storage ; Watersheds ; Streams ; Transportation ; Groundwater ; Soil types ; Vegetation ; Ecosystems ; Climate change ; Infrastructure / Uzbekistan / Kashkadarya Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048924)
(6 MB)
18 Gafurov, Zafar; Eltazarov, Sarvarbek; Akramov, Bekzod; Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Anarbekov, Oyture; Solieva, Umida. 2018. Information tool for Zafarabad District, Sogd Province, Tajikistan. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 28p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.218]
GIS ; Remote sensing ; River basins ; Digital technology ; Maps ; Simulation models ; Satellite imagery ; Slopes ; Water user associations ; Water table ; Water availability ; Water use efficiency ; Residential areas ; Canals ; Pumps ; Drinking water ; Wells ; Drainage ; Groundwater ; Soil types ; Soil texture ; Soil salinity ; Vegetation ; Communities ; Irrigation / Tajikistan / Sogd Province / Zafarabad District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048925)
19 Tennakoon, M. U. A. 2017. Cascade based tank renovation for climate resilience improvement. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Ministry of Disaster Management. 137p.
Tank irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Water distribution systems ; Reservoirs ; Drainage canals ; Terminology ; Environmental effects ; Eutrophication ; Water quality ; Sedimentation ; Salinity ; Soil types ; Rain ; Biodiversity ; Crop production ; Deforestation ; Development projects ; Arid zones / Sri Lanka / Maha Nanneriya Cascade
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 628.13 G744 TEN Record No: H048955)
(0.38 MB)
20 Pandey, Vishnu Prasad; Dhaubanjar, Sanita; Bharati, Luna; Thapa, Bhesh Raj. 2019. Hydrological response of Chamelia Watershed in Mahakali Basin to climate change. Science of the Total Environment, 650(Part 1):365-383. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.053]
Water resources ; Watersheds ; Climate change ; Hydrological factors ; Water availability ; Water balance ; Stream flow ; Groundwater ; Temperature ; Precipitation ; Forecasting ; River basins ; Soil types ; Spatial distribution ; Models ; Uncertainty ; Hydrometeorology / Nepal / Mahakali Basin / Chamelia Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048982)
(6.23 MB)
Chamelia (catchment area = 1603 km2 ), a tributary of Mahakali, is a snow-fed watershed in Western Nepal. The watershed has 14 hydropower projects at various stages of development. This study simulated the current and future hydrological system of Chamelia using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The model was calibrated for 2001–2007; validated for 2008–2013; and then applied to assess streamflow response to projected future climate scenarios. Multi-site calibration ensures that the model is capable of reproducing hydrological heterogeneity within the watershed. Current water balance above the Q120 hydrological station in the forms of precipitation, actual evapotranspiration (AET), and net water yield are 2469 mm, 381 mm and 1946 mm, respectively. Outputs of five Regional Climate Models (RCMs) under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) for three future periods were considered for assessing climate change impacts. An ensemble of bias-corrected RCM projections showed that maximum temperature under RCP4.5 (RCP8.5) scenario for near-, mid-, and far-futures is projected to increase from the baseline by 0.9 °C (1.1 °C), 1.4 °C (2.1 °C), and 1.6 °C (3.4 °C), respectively. Minimum temperature for the same scenarios and future periods are projected to increase by 0.9 °C (1.2 °C), 1.6 °C (2.5 °C), and 2.0 °C (3.9 °C), respectively. Average annual precipitation under RCP4.5 (RCP8.5) scenario for near-, mid-, and far-futures are projected to increase by 10% (11%), 10% (15%), and 13% (15%), respectively. Based on the five RCMs considered, there is a high consensus for increase in temperature but higher uncertainty with respect to precipitations. Under these projected changes, average annual streamflow was simulated to increase gradually from the near to far future under both RCPs; for instance, by 8.2% in near-, 12.2% in mid-, and 15.0% in far-future under RCP4.5 scenarios. The results are useful for planning water infrastructure projects, in Chamelia and throughout the Mahakali basin, to ensure long-term sustainability under climate change.
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