Your search found 198 records
1 Nguyen-Khoa, Sophie; Smith, L.; Lorenzen, K. 2005. Impacts of irrigation on inland fisheries: appraisals in Laos and Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Comprehensive Assessment Secretariat. vii, 36p. (Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Research Report 007) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.386]
Fisheries ; Irrigation effects ; Assessment ; Social aspects ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Environmental effects ; Ecology ; Biodiversity ; Villages ; Irrigation programs ; Lagoons ; Drainage ; Households ; Rice ; Case studies / Laos / Sri Lanka / Huay Thouat Irrigation Project / Kirindi Oya Irrigation Project
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G570 NGU Record No: H037215)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Assessment/files_new/publications/CA%20Research%20Reports/CA-RR7_final.pdf
(1.05 MB)
2 Dessie, G.; Erkossa, Teklu. 2011. Eucalyptus in East Africa: socio-economic and environmental issues. Rome, Italy: FAO. Forestry Department. 30p. (FAO Planted Forests and Trees Working Paper FP46/E)
Eucalyptus ; History ; Environmental effects ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Hydrological factors ; Soil properties ; Biodiversity / East Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043946)
(0.42 MB) (610.37KB)
3 Chitrakar, P. L. 1990. Planning agriculture and farmers: strategy for Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: Ganesh Devi Chitrakar. 332p.
Agricultural development ; Agricultural policy ; Development plans ; Farmers ; Cash crops ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Land use ; Population ; Livestock ; Crop management ; Cropping systems ; Agricultural research ; Agricultural extension ; Agricultural credit ; Inorganic fertilizers ; Irrigation ; Seeds ; Field crops ; Marketing ; Postharvest technology ; Development aid / Nepal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 630 G726 CHI Record No: H043962)
(0.11 MB)
4 Abric, S.; Sonou, M.; Augeard, B.; Onimus, F.; Durlin, D.; Soumaila, A.; Gadelle, F. 2011. Lessons learned in the development of smallholder private irrigation for high-value crops in West Africa. [The technical support team includes Herve Levite, Irrigation Expert of IWMI] Washington, DC, USA: World Bank. 62p.
Smallholders ; History ; Small scale systems ; Appropriate technology ; Irrigation programs ; Irrigation systems ; Drip irrigation ; Case studies ; Wells ; Drilling ; Pumps ; Water distribution ; Socioeconomic aspects / Africa / Niger / Nigeria / Burkina Faso / Mali
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044125)
(1.64 MB)
5 Daibes-Murad, F. 2009. A Palestinian socio-legal perspective on water management in the Jordan River-Dead Sea Basin. In Lipchin, C.; Sandler, D.; Cushman, E. (Eds.). The Jordan River and Dead Sea Basin: cooperation amid conflict. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.75-88. (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series - C: Environmental Security)
Water management ; International waters ; River basins ; Conflict ; Legal aspects ; Water governance ; Socioeconomic aspects ; International cooperation / Palestine / Jordan River Basin / Dead Sea Basin / Gaza Strip
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.9162 G698 LIP Record No: H044177)
6 Rockstrom, J.; Axberg, G. N.; Falkenmark, M.; Lannerstad, M.; Rosemarin, A.; Caldwell, I.; Arvidson, A.; Nordstrom, M. 2005. Sustainable pathways to attain the millennium development goals: assessing the key role of water, energy and sanitation. Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). 104p.
Water requirements ; Water productivity ; Freshwater ; Hunger ; Food production ; Environmental effects ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Sanitation ; Households ; Population growth ; Economic aspects ; Financing ; Excreta ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Energy
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.6 G000 ROC Record No: H044232)
http://sei-international.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Water-sanitation/sustainable_pathways_mdg.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044232.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044232.pdf
(3.24 MB) (3.24MB)
7 Njaya, F.; Snyder, K. A.; Jamu, D.; Wilson, J.; Howard-Williams, C.; Allison, E. H.; Andrew, N. L. 2011. The natural history and fisheries ecology of Lake Chilwa, southern Malawi. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 37(Supplement 1):15-25. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2010.09.008]
Natural history ; Fisheries ; Invertebrates ; Ecology ; Lakes ; Climate change ; Wetlands ; Ecosystems ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Environmental effects ; Social aspects / Malawi / Lake Chilwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044281)
(0.92 MB)
Lake Chilwa produces between zero and 24,000 metric tons of fish per year, making it one of the most
productive but variable lakes in Africa. The size of the lake varies seasonally and among years, sometimes drying completely. Its surrounding wetland and floodplain provide habitat for a diversity of birds and economically valuable grasses and reeds. When the lake has water, there is considerable activity on its shores and temporary fishing villages spring up. People move in and out of the lake basin in concert with these seasonal and longer term changes. This paper examines the environmental dynamics of Lake Chilwa and its surrounding wetlands, presents an overview of the socio-economic context of the area and discusses threats to this resilient system that might occur as a result of climate change. We conclude that management of Lake Chilwa must place the lake in the wider economic and ecological system in which it is situated. Ultimately, land-use practices within the basin present more of a threat to the resilience of the fishery and people's livelihoods than overfishing or a strict focus on the lake's resources. These perspectives present significant challenges to conventional fisheries governance.
productive but variable lakes in Africa. The size of the lake varies seasonally and among years, sometimes drying completely. Its surrounding wetland and floodplain provide habitat for a diversity of birds and economically valuable grasses and reeds. When the lake has water, there is considerable activity on its shores and temporary fishing villages spring up. People move in and out of the lake basin in concert with these seasonal and longer term changes. This paper examines the environmental dynamics of Lake Chilwa and its surrounding wetlands, presents an overview of the socio-economic context of the area and discusses threats to this resilient system that might occur as a result of climate change. We conclude that management of Lake Chilwa must place the lake in the wider economic and ecological system in which it is situated. Ultimately, land-use practices within the basin present more of a threat to the resilience of the fishery and people's livelihoods than overfishing or a strict focus on the lake's resources. These perspectives present significant challenges to conventional fisheries governance.
8 Cofie, Olufunke; Amoah, Philip; Irene, E.; Adamtey, Noah; Fredrick, T.-L. 2011. Demonstration on the use of urine in urban agriculture. [Report of the Sustainable Urban Water Management Improves Tomorrow’s City’s Health (SWITCH) Project]. Delft, Netherlands: Sustainable Urban Water Management Improves Tomorrow’s City’s Health (SWITCH) Project; Accra, Ghana: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Brussels, Belgium: European Union Research Framework Programme. 103p.
Urban agriculture ; Vegetable growing ; Cabbages ; Fertilizers ; Urine ; Soils ; Economic analysis ; Senses ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Environmental effects ; Risks ; Logistics ; Farmers ; Ownership / Ghana / Accra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044301)
http://www.switchurbanwater.eu/outputs/pdfs/W5-2_GEN_RPT_D5.2.4_Demonstration_on_the_use_of_urine_in_urban_agriculture.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044301.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044301.pdf
(3.65 MB) (3.65MB)
This report is an output of the Sustainable Urban Water Management Improves Tomorrow s City s Health (SWITCH) demonstration project, which took place in Accra, Ghana. Accra is one of the ten (10) demonstration cities under the SWITCH project. The main objective of the demo project was to demonstrate (as pilot) the potential of using urine for crop production in Accra Metropolitan Area (AMA) and provide recommendations for scaling up.
9 South Africa. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF). 1999. Mutale River water resources investigation: situation assessment, management and development potential of the water resources. Executive summary A920/00/0198. Pretoria, South Africa: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF). 29p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 8074 Record No: H044305)
10 de Haan, Nicoline; Sugden, Fraser; Schreiner, B.; van Koppen, Barbara; Mapedza, Everisto; Curnow, Jayne; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali; Clement, Floriane. 2014. Social inclusion. In van der Bliek, Julie; McCornick, Peter; Clarke, James (Eds.). On target for people and planet: setting and achieving water-related sustainable development goals. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.24-27.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046797)
(402 KB)
11 Amerasinghe, Priyanie. 2014. Peri-urbanisation of rural India - is this the furute? [Abstract only] In Maheshwari, B. L.; Simmons, B.; Thoradeniya, B. Proceedings of the International Conference on Peri-Urban Landscapes: Water, Food and Environmental Security. Penrith, New South Wales, Australia: University of Western Sydney. pp.16.
Suburban agriculture ; Rural areas ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Environmental effects ; Political aspects ; Governance / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046845)
(0.72 MB)
12 Ismail-Zadeh, A.; Fucugauchi, J. U.; Kijko, A.; Takeuchi, K.; Zaliapin, I. (Eds.) 2014. Extreme natural hazards, disaster risks and societal implications. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 402p. (Special Publications of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Series 1) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139523905]
Natural disasters ; Disaster risk management ; Environmental impact assessment ; Climate change ; Early warning systems ; Volcanic eruptions ; Earthquakes ; Landslides ; Hurricanes ; Tsunamis ; Flooding ; Sea level ; Ecosystems ; Models ; Precipitation ; Weather forecasting ; Hydrometeorology ; Geological process ; Satellite observation ; Remote sensing ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Capacity building ; Educational institutions ; Case studies ; Public-private cooperation / South America / Latin America / Africa / Middle East / Africa South of Sahara / Asia Pacific Region / Saudi Arabia / Iran / Thailand / Caribbean / Mexico / Madagascar / Australia / China / Japan / India / Afar Region / Mediterranean Region / Chao Phraya River / Wenchuan / Tohoku
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.34 G000 ISM Record No: H046897)
(0.51 MB)
13 Khouma, M.; Ndour, Y.; Ndong, M. S.; Niang, Y.; Dial, M.; Niang, I.; Diagne, M. O.; Fall, J. P. Y.; Padgham, J. 2014. Knowledge assessment on climate change and urban and peri-urban agriculture in Dakar, Senegal. In Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.). The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.341-354. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Climate change ; Urban agriculture ; Suburban agriculture ; Vegetable growing ; Farmers ; Assessment ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Environmental health ; Wastewater ; Public health ; Population growth / Senegal / Dakar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047045)
This chapter examines the biophysical, socio-economic, environmental and human health dimensions of urban and peri-urban agriculture in Dakar city (Senegal) and identifies structural threats to urban agriculture, including those already induced, or have the potential to be induced, by climate change. Urban agriculture, which provides an important source of fresh vegetables and other fresh products for the city is being increasingly marginalised due to a combination of factors including diminished soil and water quality, increasing temperatures and reduced rainfall, urban encroachment and pollution from industrial sources. A lack of clearly defined roles and responsibilities between local and national governments hinders the ability to protect urban agricultural land from urban encroachment and a lack of access to credit by farmers adds to their ability to cope with the multitude of other pressures. Dakar is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the northern, western and southern sides with no room for expansion, including any potential expansion of urban agriculture. Ground water in this urban zone is steadily deteriorating due to nitrate pollution of shallow groundwater in soil aquifers combined with increasing saltwater intrusion. Recycling of untreated wastewater for use in urban agriculture, a common practice in Dakar and other cities in Africa has increased the incidence of food-borne contamination. For example, recent microbial sampling of water showed a very high proportion of sites (87 %) with contamination levels above World Health Organisation standards for irrigation without restriction. Solid and liquid waste management is one of the biggest problems Dakar is facing as are many other cities of developing countries. Climate change will further impact urban agriculture. Shortening of cold periods favorable to vegetable cropping in semi-arid areas, increasingly hotter summers, more frequent flooding and drought periods, and higher incidence of pest and diseases are among the potential impacts of climate change. Coastal zones of the city are particularly under threat due to the rising sea level with negative consequences of coastal erosion and salt-water intrusion in lowlands. Projection models show a strong warming trend in the region. Conversely, there is no agreed trend of rainfall prediction at present but deficits are anticipated by general circulation models. Adaptation strategies of farmers include lifting the ground surface with landfill in order to better cope with flooding (specifically for flower cultivation), development of soil and soilless micro gardens in boxes, crop diversification and use of hybrid seeds. Urban agriculture has the potential to contribute to climate change adaptation through reinforcement of urban agricultural systems resilience, water recycling, buffering thermal and hydraulic shocks, providing safe and nutritious food, recycling wastes and conserving biodiversity. Despite its huge potential to reduce poverty and make the city more resilient to impacts from climate change, urban agriculture is not high on the urban planning agenda. Recommendations are formulated towards taking into consideration urban agriculture in national and local planning, strengthening capacities of stakeholders and awareness at all levels of society on the economic, social and environmental role of urban agriculture can play in sustainable development and greening of the city and its economy.
14 Kuppannan, Palanisami; Haileslassie, Amare; Kakumanu, Krishna Reddy; Ranganathan, C. R.; Wani, S. P.; Craufurd, P.; Kumar, S. 2015. Climate change, gender and adaptation strategies in dryland systems of South Asia: a household level analysis in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan states of India. Telangana, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). 40p. (ICRISAT Research Program Resilient Dryland System Research Report 65)
Climate change ; Adaptation ; Gender ; Women ; Men ; Arid zones ; Households ; Income ; Poverty ; Supplemental irrigation ; Cropping patterns ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Empowerment ; Developing countries ; Drought ; Flooding ; Rural communities ; Living standards / South Asia / India / Karnataka / Rajasthan / Andhra Pradesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047162)
(2.63 MB)
15 Zhang, C.; Fang, Y. 2020. Application of capital-based approach in the measurement of livelihood sustainability: a case study from the Koshi River basin community in Nepal. Ecological Indicators, 116:106474. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106474]
Sustainable development ; Sustainable livelihoods ; Community involvement ; Climate change ; Infrastructure ; Indicators ; Precipitation ; Economic aspects ; Human capital ; Natural capital ; Social capital ; Natural disasters ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Case studies / Nepal / Koshi River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049827)
(5.26 MB)
Climate change is classified as a global scale issue, since it impacts numerous and varied regions worldwide without regard for anthropogenic or natural geographic borders. However, household livelihood vulnerability and sustainability are influenced by various factors that differ between countries, districts, and communities. The Hindu Kush Himalayan region has been severely affected, as climate change has profoundly impacted the native people’s livelihood, habitation, and physical infrastructure. In order to develop appropriate and effective adaptation strategies, it is necessary to understand the current livelihoods status of local households, to identify underlying factors that affect their livelihood, and to access vulnerability and livelihood sustainability. In this study, researchers collected data by surveying 130 households from the Koshi River basin (KRB) of Nepal. The study was conducted in three different districts, representing various ecological regions within the KRB, including: the Kavre district in the Mid-mountain area, the Sindhuli district in Siwalik Hill, and the Saptari district in the Terai Plains. While the different districts are susceptible to diverse types of climate-induced disasters, all three study areas have suffered huge economic losses in response to climate change.
Quantitative assessment of capital-based vulnerability in the rural villages was carried out based on the three dimensions of vulnerability specified by the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and Sustainable Livelihood Index (SLI) was used to assess these three dimensions of vulnerability and sustainability and incorporated a wide range of socio-economic variables that represent human, physical, natural, financial, and social capitals. 45 sub-component indicators were selected to evaluate the five major capitals and ultimately reflect the three vulnerability dimensions. The results suggest that: 1) Kavre households have higher human capital vulnerability; 2) the Saptari district may be more vulnerable to natural and physical capital, and 3) the Sindhuli district is more vulnerable to financial and social capital. Investigation into the specific impacts of climate change on rural livelihoods in different environments enhances our understanding of the resulting environmental and socioeconomic changes. Furthermore, it helps identify the specific vulnerabilities pertaining to susceptible communities at a micro level and aids governments and scientists in developing targeted, customized, adaptive strategies to address infrastructure construction, education, public health services, skills training, establishment of early warning systems, and community-based risk reduction schemes, as needed.
Quantitative assessment of capital-based vulnerability in the rural villages was carried out based on the three dimensions of vulnerability specified by the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and Sustainable Livelihood Index (SLI) was used to assess these three dimensions of vulnerability and sustainability and incorporated a wide range of socio-economic variables that represent human, physical, natural, financial, and social capitals. 45 sub-component indicators were selected to evaluate the five major capitals and ultimately reflect the three vulnerability dimensions. The results suggest that: 1) Kavre households have higher human capital vulnerability; 2) the Saptari district may be more vulnerable to natural and physical capital, and 3) the Sindhuli district is more vulnerable to financial and social capital. Investigation into the specific impacts of climate change on rural livelihoods in different environments enhances our understanding of the resulting environmental and socioeconomic changes. Furthermore, it helps identify the specific vulnerabilities pertaining to susceptible communities at a micro level and aids governments and scientists in developing targeted, customized, adaptive strategies to address infrastructure construction, education, public health services, skills training, establishment of early warning systems, and community-based risk reduction schemes, as needed.
16 Fahad, S.; Inayat, T.; Wang, J.; Dong, L.; Hu, G.; Khan, S.; Khan, A. 2020. Farmers’ awareness level and their perceptions of climate change: a case of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Land Use Policy, 96:104669. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104669]
Climate change adaptation ; Farmers ; Awareness ; Strategies ; Land ownership ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Drought ; Policies ; Diversification ; Government agencies ; Households ; Models / Pakistan / Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049835)
(1.68 MB)
Climate change is an environmental threat to all the sectors, especially the agricultural sector around the globe. Pakistan is one of the most vulnerable regions to extreme climatic events in developing world especially in Southeast Asia. Pakistan has detrimentally affected by the climatic variations due to its high exposure to extreme climatic events. Several studies have reported the farm households’ perception, adaptation and mitigation about climate change but there is inadequate knowledge available on the awareness of farm households about climate change in Pakistan. To fill this research gap, the purpose of research aims to examine the Pakistani farm household’s awareness level of climate change and its associated factors. By using structured questionnaire in data of 400 study participants were collected from four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan through a household’s survey. A stratified random sampling technique was utilized for collection of primary data. A probit model approach was employed to analyze the farm households’ awareness of climate change and its associated socioeconomic and demographic variables. Results of our study exposed that 73 % farm households were aware of climate change. Socio economics and demographic variables such as age of farm households, education level, farming experience, land ownership status, extension and information sources access were pointedly related to farm households’ awareness of climate change. Further, results of our study showed that the evaluation of farm households’ adaptation behavior suggests that farm households are active in using several adaptation strategies such as crop diversification and use of irrigation etc. It is expected that the findings of the present research will be helpful to guide governmental agencies and policymakers and contribute to the construction of sustainable adaptation measures in Pakistan and other regions in the framework of climate change.
17 Konapala, G.; Mishra, A. 2020. Dynamics of virtual water networks: role of national socio-economic indicators across the world. Journal of Hydrology, 589:125171. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125171]
Virtual water ; Water resources ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Economic growth ; Indicators ; Gross national product ; National income ; Population ; Trends ; Sustainability ; Water use ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049926)
(6.10 MB)
Intensified water usage due to rapid industrialization is often dictated by economic policies based on monetary growth rather than sustainable use of environmental resources. In addition, interdependence within economic sectors further interweaves water usage through product transactions, which further makes it difficult to quantify the dynamics of hydro-economic systems at regional, national and global scale. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of domestic virtual water networks (VWN) of 189 countries based on concept of information theory by quantifying network metrics that describes VWN flow capacity, robustness, efficiency and flexibility. These networks represent virtual water interconnected through economic sectors within a specified country built based on environmentally extended multi region input output (EE-MRIO) approach. We further estimated trends associated with network metrics, as well as coupling intensity between metrics with respect to socio-economic indicators, such as, population, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Income (GNI). It was observed that capacity and flexibility of VWNs are strongly and positively correlated indicating that a high capacity VWN can be more flexible. Our results also indicate that, in general a higher percentage of developing countries (i.e. both least developing and developing nations) have exhibited increasing trends in capacity, robustness, efficiency and flexibility of VWN compared to developed nations. It was revealed that the dynamics of VWNs are positively coupled with socio-economic growth for few countries, which indicates the sustainable behavior of VWN with socio-economic growth. Our results argue that the information theory-based metrics by embedding water footprints can holistically capture sustainability aspect of the VWN dynamics.
18 Sharma, Akriti; Karki, Emma; Eriyagama, Nishadi; Shrestha, Gitta; Jeuland, M.; Bharati, Luna. 2020. Whose river is it?: an assessment of livelihood and cultural water flow requirements for the Karnali Basin. Ecology and Society, 25(3):22. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-11763-250322]
Environmental flows ; River basins ; Livelihoods ; Sociocultural environment ; Assessment ; Water management ; Flow discharge ; Water levels ; Ecosystems ; Biodiversity ; Water pollution ; Water use ; Fisheries ; Irrigation ; Household consumption ; Tourism ; Riparian zones ; Local communities ; Women ; Sustainable development ; Socioeconomic aspects / Nepal / Karnali Basin / Terai Region / Hill Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050015)
https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol25/iss3/art22/ES-2020-11763.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050015.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050015.pdf
(1.07 MB) (1.07 MB)
The term “environmental flows” refers to a combination of features, including quantity, quality, and timing of water flows required to sustainably maintain a river’s health, balancing both ecological and societal needs. Incorporating basic human livelihood and sociocultural aspects in environmental flow assessments alongside ecological concerns provides a more holistic perspective on water flow management. Here, we provide an assessment that complements an ecosystem functioning lens by focusing solely on quantifying the flows associated with livelihood activities and spiritual water requirements of local riparian communities in the Karnali basin in Western Nepal. This assessment is based on the first social survey related to environmental flows conducted in the Karnali basin. We collected data using mixed methods, including social surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions, across six locations in the Karnali basin that provide us with a rich and dynamic perspective on the relationship between rivers and their surrounding communities, and the challenges faced by those communities. Among the subsistence and spiritual requirements of local communities are uses for activities that include drinking, small-scale irrigation, domestic needs, fishing, and ceremonial usage. All communities we visited most strongly associated the following activities with water flow variation: small-scale irrigation, fishing, ceremonial usage, domestic needs, and tourism. The water flows required for these key activities were quantified, and results from the six sites are presented in the form of a qualitative scale of minimum water levels (ranging across poor, acceptable, and ideal) required to meet vital local needs. The minimum acceptable water flow requirement to satisfy social criteria is just > 20% of the mean annual runoff at the visited locations. These requirements are particularly vital to consider, given ongoing efforts to tap the vast hydropower potential in Nepal through construction of major storage projects. Such projects would change the flow regime of affected rivers and potentially raise concerns that existing demands might be compromised.
19 Haileslassie, Amare; Mekuria, Wolde; Schmitter, Petra; Uhlenbrook, Stefan; Ludi, Eva. 2020. Changing agricultural landscapes in Ethiopia: examining application of adaptive management approach. Sustainability, 12(21):8939. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218939]
Agricultural landscape ; Land management ; Water management ; Ecosystem services ; Land use ; Land cover ; Land degradation ; Land restoration ; Exclosures ; Farmland ; Soil conservation ; Water conservation ; Water harvesting ; Carbon sequestration ; Biodiversity ; Livelihoods ; Decision making ; Indicators ; Foreign investment ; Socioeconomic aspects / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050044)
(0.64 MB) (657 KB)
Ethiopia has decades of experience in implementing land and water management interventions. The overarching objectives of this review were to synthesize evidences on the impact of implementation of land and water management practices on agricultural landscapes in Ethiopia and to evaluate the use of adaptive management (AM) approaches as a tool to manage uncertainties. We explored how elements of the structures and functions of landscapes have been transformed, and how the components of AM, such as structured decision-making and learning processes, have been applied. Despite numerous environmental and economic benefits of land and water management interventions in Ethiopia, this review revealed gaps in AM approaches. These include: (i) inadequate evidence-based contextualization of interventions, (ii) lack of monitoring of bio-physical and socioeconomic processes and changes post implementation, (iii) lack of trade-off analyses, and (iv) inadequacy of local community engagement and provision of feedback. Given the many uncertainties we must deal with, future investment in AM approaches tailored to the needs and context would help to achieve the goals of sustainable agricultural landscape transformation. The success depends, among other things, on the ability to learn from the knowledge generated and apply the learning as implementation evolves.
20 Amanambu, A. C.; Obarein, O. A.; Mossa, J.; Li, L.; Ayeni, S. S.; Balogun, O.; Oyebamiji, A.; Ochege, F. U. 2020. Groundwater system and climate change: present status and future considerations. Journal of Hydrology, 589:125163. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125163]
Groundwater recharge ; Climate change ; Flow discharge ; Groundwater table ; Aquifers ; Hydrological cycle ; Water quality ; Water demand ; Water depletion ; Water storage ; Stakeholders ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Sustainability ; Land use ; Adaptation ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050080)
(7.11 MB)
Climate change will impact every aspect of biophysical systems and society. However, unlike other components of the climate system, the impact of climate change on the groundwater system has only recently received attention. This focus is due to the realization that groundwater is a vital freshwater resource crucial to global food and water security, and is essential in sustaining ecosystems and human adaptation to climate variability and change. This paper synthesizes findings on the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on the entire groundwater system and each component. Also, we appraise the use of coupled groundwater-climate and land surface models in groundwater hydrology as a means of improving existing knowledge of climate change-groundwater interaction, finding that most models anticipate decreases in groundwater recharge, storage and levels, particularly in the arid/semi-arid tropics. Reducing uncertainties in future climate projections and improving our understanding of the physical processes underlying models to improve their simulation of real-world conditions remain a priority for climate and Earth scientists. Despite the enormous progress made, there are still few and inadequate local and regional aquifer studies, especially in less developed regions. The paper proposes two key considerations. First, physical basis: the need for a deeper grasp of complex physical processes and feedback mechanism with the use of more sophisticated models. Second, the need to understand the socioeconomic dimensions of climate-groundwater interaction through multidisciplinary synergy, leading to the development of better groundwater-climate change adaptation strategies and modeling.
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