Your search found 12 records
1 Young, I. M. 2011. Justice and the politics of difference. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press. 286p.
Philosophy ; Political systems ; Democracy ; Legal aspects ; Capitalism ; Social groups ; Participatory approaches ; Public participation ; Social institutions ; Communities ; Urban areas ; Cultural factors ; Social behaviour ; Discrimination ; Labor ; Empowerment ; Social welfare ; Education
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 320.011 G000 YOU Record No: H047670)
(0.30 MB)
2 Scanlon, T.; Uguru, O. P.; Jafry, T.; Chinsinga, B.; Mvula, P.; Chunga, J.; Zimba, L. M.; Mwape, M.; Nyundo, L.; Mwiinga, B.; Chungu, K. 2016. The role of social actors in water access in Sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from Malawi and Zambia. Water Resources and Rural Development, 8:25-36. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wrr.2016.08.001]
Water availability ; Water supply ; Social groups ; Water governance ; Public sector ; Private sector ; Ownership ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Environmental effects ; Deforestation ; Technology ; Political aspects ; Donors ; Funding ; Human rights ; Delinquent behavior ; Rural communities ; Urban areas / Africa South of Sahara / Malawi / Zambia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047917)
(0.57 MB)
Access to water in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) continues to be a challenge to the extent that there are more people without access to water in 2015 than in 1990. This indicates that current approaches to water provision have been ineffective. Governments have failed to provide a structure, mechanisms or approaches that guarantee water for ALL, resulting in a vacuum which has been ‘filled’ by a number of social actors (NGOs, Faith Based Organisations, Donors). This paper examines the social actors involved in water access and provision in Malawi and Zambia, analysing the existing methods and approaches used by them in the sector. It seeks increased understanding of the contributions and the nature of influence of each social actor group. This was achieved by collecting data on social actors through a combination of methods: focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews and workshops. Social actor analyses of the data shaped the findings. The findings indicate that water provision is multifaceted requiring improved coordination and cooperation among social actors to streamline and focus on the provision of for ALL. It draws attention to the need for Governments to take a leading role by facilitating long term investment in the sector and promoting initiatives which incorporate the right to water access. It concludes that in order to achieve universal access to water, a new perception of rights and responsibilities is vital in communities, donors, NGOs and the public sector as one step towards reducing the number of people without water in the future.
3 Fernando, S. (Ed.); Nadaraja, L. (Photographer). 2016. Sri Lanka: a heritage of water. [s.l.]: Author. 227p.
Water resources ; Watersheds ; Water quality ; Water use ; Hydraulic structures ; Cultural development ; Heritability ; History ; Ancestral technology ; Building construction ; Social groups ; Religion ; Women's participation ; Administrative areas ; Government policy ; Climate change ; River basins ; Seas ; Islands ; Nature reserves ; Forest cover ; Land use ; Lagoons ; Aquatic mammals ; Otters ; Crocodiles ; Waterfowl ; Habitats ; Biodiversity ; Aquatic plants / Jaffna / Kanneliya / Dediyagala / Nakiadeniya / Mahaweli River / Upper Mahaweli Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G744 FER Record No: H047921)
(1.07 MB)
4 Vij, S.; Narain, V.; Karpouzoglou, T.; Mishra, P. 2018. From the core to the periphery: conflicts and cooperation over land and water in periurban Gurgaon, India. Land Use Policy, 76:382-390. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.04.050]
Water security ; Wastewater ; Groundwater ; Land use ; Conflict ; Cooperation ; Water users ; Periurban areas ; Political aspects ; Social groups ; Villages / India / Gurgaon
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048835)
(0.94 MB)
Recent studies that emphasize the contested nature of resource allocation address the politics of periurban development. However, the issue of conflicts and cooperation in periurban contexts continues to remain weakly studied. Based on the study of periurban Gurgaon in North-West India, this paper unravels the different types of conflicts and cooperation that have emerged around land and water, drawing insights from conflict/cooperation studies and urban political ecology. We focus on how changes in land-use bring about changes in water use, access and practices in periurban Gurgaon, giving rise to new forms of conflicts, conflicts of interest and cooperation. Conflicts over land and water are linked to the changing characteristics of land and water appropriation that has occurred in the aftermath of neoliberal reforms. Drawing insights from urban political ecology perspective, we show how periurban areas are systematically undermined through the acquisition of land and water to serve urban expansion and growth. We conclude that periurban conflicts are rooted in the issue of land-use change and are fundamentally tied to the politics of urbanization and its impact on periurban areas. These processes give rise to conflicts of interest and explicit conflicts, whilst creating new forms of cooperation. Cooperation is exemplified by emerging forms of collective action over the use of wastewater and groundwater. The paper distinguishes between conflict and cooperation but concludes that these are in fact not mutually exclusive; rather points along a continuum.
5 Dewachter, S.; Holvoet, N.; Van Aelst, K. 2018. How does water information flow?: intersectionality in water information networks in a rural Ugandan community. Water International, 43(5):553-569. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2018.1495047]
Water supply ; Diffusion of information ; Networks ; Gender ; Education ; Social groups ; Local government ; Rural communities ; Villages ; Socioeconomic environment / Uganda / Bushenyi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048894)
(1.52 MB)
This article presents evidence of a Ugandan community’s information network related to water services and argues that an intersectional perspective is key to understanding information exclusion processes. Using questionnaire data and social network analysis, the article compares access to water information channels by gender and education level. While men primarily share information with other men, women mainly exchange water information along educational lines. Less-educated women are least likely to receive information from other gender-education groups. Women are also underrepresented in the network of local government officials and consequently lack bridging ties, remaining more dependent on informal information channels.
6 Olumba, E. E.; Nwosu, B. U.; Okpaleke, F. N.; Okoli, R. C. 2022. Conceptualising eco-violence: moving beyond the multiple labelling of water and agricultural resource conflicts in the Sahel. Third World Quarterly, 43(9):2075-2090. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2022.2083601]
Water resources ; Agricultural resources ; Conflicts ; Farmers ; Pastoralists ; Communities ; Violence ; Social groups ; Politics ; State intervention / Sahel
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051216)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01436597.2022.2083601?needAccess=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051216.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051216.pdf
(1.47 MB) (1.47 MB)
The conflict over water and agricultural resources within the Sahel of Africa has led to the destruction of lives, property and nature for decades. The extant practice is to label these conflicts with multiple names and conceptualise them as single-issue events. This article illustrates this practice further and highlights some issues associated with such approaches. Existing terms for these conflicts in Africa’s Sahel region are primarily linked to people’s occupations and ethnic identities, distracting efforts to gain a deeper understanding. This view obscures the broad dimensions of these struggles among those competing for water and agricultural resources. Thus, this paper remedies the conceptual gaps by recommending ‘eco-violence’ as an umbrella term for these conflicts and foregrounding the emerging trends of eco-violence within the Sahel region. By referring to these conflicts as eco-violence, we can foster a more inclusive perspective that incorporates social and environmental injustices and political failures as factors related to these conflicts.
7 Ngigi, M. W.; Muange, E. N. 2022. Access to climate information services and climate-smart agriculture in Kenya: a gender-based analysis. Climatic Change, 174(3-4):21. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-022-03445-5]
Climate-smart agriculture ; Climate services ; Information services ; Access to information ; Gender analysis ; Climate change adaptation ; Strategies ; Women ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Social groups ; Weather forecasting ; Early warning systems ; Food security ; Agroforestry ; Models ; Econometrics / Kenya / Embu / Nakuru / Nyeri / Siaya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051427)
(0.78 MB)
Climate change is a significant threat to agriculture-related livelihoods, and its impacts amplify prevailing gender inequalities. Climate information services (CIS) are crucial enablers in adapting to climate change and managing climate-related risks by smallholder farmers. Even though various gender groups have distinct preferences, understandings, and uses of CIS, which affect adaptation decisions differently, there is little research on gender perspectives of CIS. This study employs a novel intra-household survey of 156 married couples to evaluate the gender-differentiated effects of CIS access on the adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies in Kenya. The findings reveal gender differences in access to CIS, with husbands having significantly more access to early warning systems and advisory services on adaptation. In contrast, wives had better access to weather forecasts. About 38% of wives perceived that CIS meets their needs, compared to 30% of husbands. As for CIS dissemination pathways, husbands preferred extension officers, print media, television, and local leaders, whereas wives preferred radio and social groups. Recursive bivariate probit analysis shows that trust in CIS, a bundle of CIS dissemination pathways, access to credit, and membership in a mixed-gender social group, affected access to CIS for both genders. Access to early warning systems and advisory services positively affected decisions to adopt CSA by both genders. Still, access to seasonal forecasts influenced husbands’ decisions to adopt CSA but not wives. Besides, there were gender differences in how CIS affected each CSA technology based on gendered access to resources and roles and responsibilities in a household. It is necessary to disseminate CIS through gender-sensitive channels that can satisfy the needs and preferences of different gender groups to encourage the adoption of climate-smart technologies.
8 Woroniecki, S.; Spiegelenberg, F. A.; Chausson, A.; Turner, B.; Key, I.; Md. Irfanullah, H.; Seddon, N. 2022. Contributions of nature-based solutions to reducing people’s vulnerabilities to climate change across the rural global South. Climate and Development, 19p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2022.2129954]
Nature-based solutions ; Climate change adaptation ; Vulnerability ; Disaster risk reduction ; Livelihoods ; Sustainable development ; Land degradation ; Vegetation ; Political aspects ; Social groups
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051545)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/17565529.2022.2129954?needAccess=true&role=button
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051545.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051545.pdf
(2.49 MB) (2.49 MB)
Nature-based solutions (NbS); working with and enhancing nature to address societal challenges, increasingly feature in climate change adaptation strategies. Despite growing evidence that NbS can reduce vulnerability to climate change impacts in general, understanding of the mechanisms through which this is achieved, particularly in the Global South, is lacking. To address this, we analyse 85 nature-based interventions across the rural Global South, and factors mediating their effectiveness, based on a systematic map of peer-reviewed studies encompassing a wide diversity of ecosystems, climate impacts, and intervention types. We apply an analytical framework of people's social-ecological vulnerability to climate change, in terms of six pathways of vulnerability reduction: social and ecological exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Most cases (95%) report a reduction in vulnerability, primarily by lowering ecosystem sensitivity to climate impacts (73% of interventions), followed by reducing social sensitivity (52%), reducing ecological exposure (36%), increasing social adaptive capacity (31%), increasing ecological adaptive capacity (19%) and/or reducing social exposure (14%). Our analysis shows that social dimensions of NBS are important mediating factors for equity and effectiveness. This study highlights how understanding the distinct social and ecological pathways by which vulnerability to climate change is reduced can help harness the multiple benefits of working with nature in a warming world.
9 Macura, B.; Foggitt, E.; Liera, C.; Soto, A.; Orlando, A.; Duca, L. D.; Carrard, N.; Hannes, K.; Sommer, M.; Dickin, S. 2023. Systematic mapping of gender equality and social inclusion in WASH interventions: knowledge clusters and gaps. BMJ Global Health, 8(1):e010850. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010850]
Gender equality ; Social inclusion ; Water, sanitation and hygiene ; Women ; Social groups ; Public health ; Participation ; Stakeholders ; Households ; Water supply
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052193)
(0.94 MB) (964 KB)
Introduction Poor access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services threatens population health and contributes to gender and social inequalities, especially in low-resource settings. Despite awareness in the WASH sector of the importance of promoting gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) to address these inequalities, evaluations of interventions focus largely on health outcomes, while gender equality and other social outcomes are rarely included. This review aimed to collate and describe available research evidence of GESI outcomes evaluated in WASH intervention studies.
Methods We applied a systematic mapping methodology and searched for both academic and grey literature published between 2010 and 2020 in 16 bibliographic databases and 53 specialist websites. Eligibility screening (with consistency checking) was conducted according to predetermined criteria, followed by metadata coding and narrative synthesis.
Results Our evidence base comprises 463 intervention studies. Only 42% of studies measured transformative GESI outcomes of WASH interventions, referring to those that seek to transform gender relations and power imbalances to promote equality. A majority of studies disaggregated outcome data by sex, but other forms of data disaggregation were limited. Most included studies (78%) lacked a specific GESI mainstreaming component in their intervention design. Of the interventions with GESI mainstreaming, the majority targeted women and girls, with very few focused on other social groups or intersectional considerations.
Conclusion The review points to various areas for future primary and secondary research. Given the potential contribution of WASH to GESI, GESI considerations should be incorporated into the evaluation of WASH interventions. Regular collection of data and monitoring of GESI outcomes is needed as well as developing new and testing existing methods for monitoring and evaluation of such data.
Methods We applied a systematic mapping methodology and searched for both academic and grey literature published between 2010 and 2020 in 16 bibliographic databases and 53 specialist websites. Eligibility screening (with consistency checking) was conducted according to predetermined criteria, followed by metadata coding and narrative synthesis.
Results Our evidence base comprises 463 intervention studies. Only 42% of studies measured transformative GESI outcomes of WASH interventions, referring to those that seek to transform gender relations and power imbalances to promote equality. A majority of studies disaggregated outcome data by sex, but other forms of data disaggregation were limited. Most included studies (78%) lacked a specific GESI mainstreaming component in their intervention design. Of the interventions with GESI mainstreaming, the majority targeted women and girls, with very few focused on other social groups or intersectional considerations.
Conclusion The review points to various areas for future primary and secondary research. Given the potential contribution of WASH to GESI, GESI considerations should be incorporated into the evaluation of WASH interventions. Regular collection of data and monitoring of GESI outcomes is needed as well as developing new and testing existing methods for monitoring and evaluation of such data.
10 de Albuquerque, J. P.; Anderson, L.; Calvillo, N.; Cattino, M.; Clarke, A.; Cunha, M. A.; Degrossi, L. C.; Garde-Hansen, J.; Klonner, C.; Lima-Silva, F.; Marchezini, V.; Martins, M. H. da M.; Grajales, D. P.; Pitidis, V.; Rizwan, M.; Tkacz, N.; Trajber, R. 2023. Dialogic data innovations for sustainability transformations and flood resilience: the case for waterproofing data. Global Environmental Change, 82:102730. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2023.102730]
Flooding ; Resilience ; Innovation ; Sustainability ; Transformation ; Climate change adaptation ; Disaster risk management ; Participatory approaches ; Transdisciplinary research ; Risk management ; Social groups ; Decision making / Brazil
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052356)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378023000961/pdfft?md5=f9f134a0b9a84cff71a8953317d5c104&pid=1-s2.0-S0959378023000961-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052356.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052356.pdf
(13.10 MB) (13.1 MB)
Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and have increasing impacts, which disproportionately affect marginalised and impoverished communities. This article proposes and assesses a new methodological approach for developing innovative solutions based on urban data analytics to address sustainability challenges in light of changing climate conditions. The approach draws inspiration from Paulo Freire's dialogic pedagogy and has been implemented in the international transdisciplinary project “Waterproofing Data”, with multiple study sites in Brazil. The project has introduced three methodological interventions: making data practices visible, engaging citizens and communities with data, and sharing data stories. Our study demonstrates that these methods have expanded the types of data used in flood risk management and have engaged a wider range of social groups in the generation, circulation, and utilization of data. We present a framework that provides guidance about the ways in which data innovations can contribute to transformative change, aiming to ensure that future development trajectories are just, inclusive, and equitable. The findings provide evidence that our approach not only helps fill existing data gaps and promote more equitable flood risk governance but also democratises decision-making in climate adaptation. Citizens were empowered to take proactive measures to improve resilience to disaster risks, thereby saving lives and safeguarding livelihoods.
11 Mekuria, Wolde; Hagos, Fitsum; Nigussie, Likimyelesh; Admasu, W.; Bitew, A. 2024. Impacts of landscape and household climate-smart water management practices in the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia. Synthesis report prepared by the Prioritization of Climate-smart Water Management Practices project. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 32p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2024.214]
Landscape conservation ; Water management ; Climate change adaptation ; Households ; River basins ; Watersheds ; Small-scale irrigation ; Vulnerability ; Natural resources ; Forest landscape restoration ; Livelihoods ; Gender ; Women ; Marginalization ; Social groups ; Communities ; Socioeconomic impact ; Food security ; Geographical information systems ; Remote sensing ; Flooding ; Drought / Ethiopia / Awash River Basin / Maybar-Felana Watershed / Gelana Watershed / Ewa Watershed / Afambo Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052701)
(1.07 MB)
There is growing evidence that climate-related risk is increasing, and this will affect the livelihoods of small-scale producers (SSPs), with the effects being more severe in agropastoral and pastoral farming systems. In the Awash River Basin, the vulnerability of SSPs is mounting because of anthropogenic and climatic factors. Investigating the impact of landscape management practices and the interaction of SSPs with natural resources would inform sustainable planning, implementing and managing interventions. This study was conducted in four watersheds in the Awash River Basin: Maybar-Felana, Gelana, Ewa and Afambo. The overarching objective was to assess the biophysical and socioeconomic impacts and gender dimensions of landscape management practices. The researchers also investigated the links between natural resource degradation and the vulnerability of natural resource-dependent people, and the contributions of landscape management practices to address these issues. The study analyzed data gathered through 500 household surveys, 51 key informant interviews, 96 in-depth household interviews, 36 focus group discussions, and Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. The results indicated that diverse household-, farm- and watershed-level landscape management practices were adopted in the four watersheds. The findings indicated that implementing these practices could improve natural resources and the services they provide. The adopted practices contributed to reducing livelihood vulnerability by minimizing the effects of weather extremes (floods and droughts), improving food and water security, enhancing resource availability and building livelihood assets. Practicing small-scale irrigation (SSI) has a positive and significant effect on the household Food Consumption Score (FCS) and the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS). Stone bunds and SSI have a significant impact on lowering the score on the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). The findings suggest that women and other marginalized groups (children, the elderly and resource-poor households) are the most affected by climate change and natural resource degradation. Government and non-government organizations recognize the needs of women and marginalized social groups in designing and implementing landscape management initiatives by prioritizing their participation in initiatives to empower them economically (e.g., involving them in income-generating activities) and socially (e.g., building social capital). Despite efforts to achieve gender equality and women’s empowerment in landscape management initiatives, women and marginalized social groups remain vulnerable and benefit less due to various factors, including social norms and limited institutional capacities. Gender norms, values and practices embedded within individuals, households, communities and institutions hinder progress. Limited institutional capacities, such as financial and human capacities remain challenges. This study offers recommendations to maximize and sustain the contributions of landscape management practices to reduce the vulnerability of SSPs.
12 Nigussie, Likimyelesh; Diallo, A.; Minh, Thai Thi. 2024. Investment and cultivation strategies for women and youth inclusion: cases from on-farm, off-farm and non-farm activities in Ethiopia and Mali. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 24p. (IWMI Working Paper 211) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2024.203]
Investment ; Cultivation ; Strategies ; Women's participation ; Youth ; Social inclusion ; Agricultural production ; Surpluses ; Agricultural value chains ; Livelihoods ; Assets ; Natural capital ; Human capital ; Social capital ; Cultural capital ; Gender ; Social norms ; Farmers ; Social groups ; Markets ; Agribusiness ; Small-scale farming ; Food security ; Households ; Poverty ; Cooperatives ; Access to finance ; Institutions ; Capacity development ; Policies ; Governmental organizations ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Private sector ; Case studies / Sahel / Ethiopia / Mali / Tiyo / Ziway Dugda / Wegnia / Sourou
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H052838)
(1.99 MB)
Africa's agriculture sector is vital for food security, employment, and economic growth. Women and young people, who contribute to innovation, diversification, and income, face limited opportunities in the sector due to social and economic power imbalances. This disparity wastes resources and impedes agricultural value chain development (VCD). Inclusive VCD aims to empower women, men and youth from diverse social groups and strengthen the agriculture sector. However, the literature on inclusive VCD in Africa is limited due to urban biases, and the lack of a framework to address gender inequality and poverty. This study explores how livelihood assets, strategies for accessing the assets, and enabling and discouraging factors in the value chain shapes the inclusion of women and youth in on-farm, off-farm and non-farm activities. It is based on the Safeguarding Sahelian Wetlands for Food Security (SaWeL) program that aims to make the market work for the poor through inclusive VCD in the Ziway-Shalla Sub-basin of Ethiopia, and Wegnia and Sourou basins in Mali. A qualitative dataset of 32 focus group discussions, 48 key informant interviews and 40 in-depth interviews were analyzed. We identified investment and cultivation inclusion strategies that demonstrates how women and youth from diverse social groups actualize business opportunities, overcome challenges and create new opportunities for inclusion. Investment strategies involve women and youth from better-off households with good access to natural, social, political and physical capital for capital-intensive roles. On the other hand, cultivation strategies involve women and youth from resource-poor households who can harness natural, social and political capital to participate in off-farm and non-farm activities. Our results show that women and youth who adopt either one of the strategies are encouraged by good support from social networks, cooperatives, Government Organizations, Nongovernmental Organizations and private sector actors. However, access to productive resources and services for women and youth adopting any strategies is hampered by gender and intergenerational norms, poverty and insufficient institutional capacity. We argue that it is essential to understand how social disparities and local environments interact to inform the design and implementation of inclusive value chains. Additionally, inclusive value chains necessitate building capacities of institutions at different scales.
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