Your search found 353 records
1 Merrey, D. J. 1982. Reorganizing irrigation: local level management in the Punjab (Pakistan) In Spooner, B.; Mann, H. S. (Eds.). Desertification and development: dryland ecology in social perspective. London, UK: Academic Press. pp.83-109. (IIMI Reprint 2)
Irrigation management ; Watercourses ; Maintenance ; Rural areas ; Development plans / Pakistan / Punjab / Indus basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.7.8 G654 MER Record No: H004479)
2 Cullis, J.; van Koppen, Barbara. 2007. Applying the Gini Coefficient to measure inequality of water use in the Olifants River water management area, South Africa. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 19p. (IWMI Research Report 113) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.113]
River basin management ; Water stress ; Water use ; Indicators ; Households ; Rural areas ; Irrigation programs / South Africa / Olifants River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G178 CUL Record No: H040313)
(368KB)
The present study explores the application of the Gini Coefficient, which has hitherto only been used for income and land distribution, to quantify the distribution of water resources. The tool is tested in the water-stressed Olifants Water Management Area, in South Africa. Using readily available information on water use registrations, water use estimates, and census data, two versions of the Gini Coefficient are calculated. The first measures the distribution of the allocation of direct water use in rural areas and was estimated at 0.96 in the study area. In other words, 99.5 percent of the rural households are entitled to useonly 5 percent of the available water. The second version calculates the distribution of the indirect benefits of water use in the form of direct employment. This is shown to have a Gini Coefficient of 0.64. Using the Gini Coefficient an assessment was also made of the impacts of different policy scenarios. It was found that by more than doubling the amount of water used by rural households from the current 225 cubic meters per household per annum (m3/hh/annum) to 610 m3/hh/annum, which would enable each household to meet its basic human needs of 50 litres/person/day and irrigate 1,000 square meters (m2), would reduce the Gini Coefficient significantly. Yet, this would only require the large-scale registered users to reduce their current irrigation water use entitlement by 6 percent or the largest ten users to reduce their use by 20 percent each.
3 Gyampoh, B. A.; Idinoba, M.; Amisah, S. 2008. Water scarcity under a changing climate in Ghana: options for livelihoods adaptation. Development, 51:415-417.
Water scarcity ; Climate change ; Rural areas ; Water requirements ; Domestic water ; Drinking water ; Irrigation water ; River basins / Ghana / Offin River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041527)
The effects of climate change and variability on water availability in Ghana is being felt throughout the country. Coping with water scarcity has become a major issue. Most communities in the Offin River basin are rural with no pipe-borne water, and consist predominantly of farmers who depend on irrigation for their crops. The basin provides the communities with water for drinking, and for other economic activities. Benjamin Apraku Gyampoh, Monica Idinoba and Steve Amisah look at livelihood options to cope with water scarcity as the climate situation worsens in the coming years.
4 van de Giesen, N.; Liebe, J.; Andah, W.; Andreini, Marc. 2008. Assessing the hydrological impact of ensembles of small reservoirs. In Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R. S.; van Brakel, M.; Gichuki, F.; Svendsen, M.; Wester, P.; Huber-Lee, A.; Cook, S. Douthwaite, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnson, N.; Nguyen-Khoa, Sophie; Vidal, A.; MacIntyre, I.; MacIntyre, R. (Eds.). Fighting poverty through sustainable water use: proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10-14 November 2008. Vol.3. Water benefits sharing for poverty alleviation and conflict management; Drivers and processes of change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.27-31.
Reservoirs ; Hydrology ; Assessment ; Statistical methods ; Remote sensing ; Simulations ; Irrigation efficiency ; Rural areas / Ghana / Burkina Faso / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 HUM Record No: H041848)
http://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/3708/IFWF2_proceedings_Volume%20III.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041848.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041848.pdf
(0.19 MB)
5 Kanyoka, Phillipa; Farolfi, S.; Morardet, Sylvie. 2008. Household preferences for multiple use water services in rural areas of South Africa: an analysis based on choice modeling. In Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R. S.; van Brakel, M.; Gichuki, F.; Svendsen, M.; Wester, P.; Huber-Lee, A.; Cook, S. Douthwaite, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnson, N.; Nguyen-Khoa, Sophie; Vidal, A.; MacIntyre, I.; MacIntyre, R. (Eds.). Fighting poverty through sustainable water use: proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10-14 November 2008. Vol.3. Water benefits sharing for poverty alleviation and conflict management; Drivers and processes of change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.95-98.
Multiple use ; Water supply ; Domestic water ; Financing ; Cost recovery ; User charges ; Households ; Rural areas / South Africa / Limpopo Province / Sekororo-Letsoalo Area / Olifants River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 HUM Record No: H041858)
http://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/3708/IFWF2_proceedings_Volume%20III.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041858.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041858.pdf
(0.10 MB)
6 Lanjouw, P.; Murgai, R. 2009. Poverty decline, agricultural wages, and nonfarm employment in rural India: 1983–2004. Agricultural Economics, 40:243-263.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041957)
(0.19 MB)
7 Calow, R.; MacDonald, A. 2009. What will climate change mean for groundwater supply in Africa? London, UK: Overseas Development Institute (ODI) 8p.
Climate change ; Rain ; Drought ; Groundwater ; Water supply ; Domestic water ; Drinking water ; Groundwater irrigation ; Rural areas / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042024)
http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/odi-publications/background-notes/2009/climate-change-water-security-groundwater.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/PDF/H042024.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/PDF/H042024.pdf
(0.37 MB)
8 Sun, R.; Jin, M.; Giordano, Mark; Villholth, Karen G. 2009. Urban and rural groundwater use in Zhengzhou, China: challenges in joint management. Hydrogeology Journal, 16(6):1495-1506.
Groundwater management ; Groundwater development ; Water supply ; Water use ; Groundwater depletion ; Water governance ; Institutions ; Water policy ; Prices ; Price policy ; Water conservation ; Rural areas ; Urban areas / China / Zhengzhou City
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042051)
(0.28 MB)
9 Chicago Council on Global Affairs. 2009. Renewing American leadership in the fight against global hunger and poverty. Chicago, IL, USA: Chicago Council on Global Affairs. 227p.
Poverty ; Rural areas ; Population growth ; Development policy ; Agricultural development ; Rural development ; Aid ; Institutions ; Irrigated farming ; Women / Africa South of Sahara / South Asia / USA
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042054)
http://www.thechicagocouncil.org/globalagdevelopment/pdf/gadp_final_report.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/PDF/H042054.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/PDF/H042054.pdf
(13.95 MB)
Report includes five recommendations and more than 20 specific suggestions for how the United States, through increased agricultural development assistance and partnerships at home and abroad, could help achieve the Millennium Development Goals and restore the United States as a force for positive change in the world.
10 Lock, R.; Shandling, K. S. 2009. Achieving ethical business conduct in public and private water enterprises: troublesome challenge or enhanced opportunity? In Llamas, M. R.; Martinez-Cortina, L.; Mukherji, Aditi. (Eds.). Water ethics: Marcelino Botin Water Forum 2007. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press. pp.229-240.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 LLA Record No: H042082)
11 Kansakar, D. R.; Pant, Dhruba; Chaudhary, J. P. 2009. Reaching the poor: effectiveness of the current shallow tubewell policy in Nepal. In Mukherji, Aditi; Villholth, K. G.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Wang, J. (Eds.) Groundwater governance in the Indo-Gangetic and Yellow River basins: realities and challenges. London, UK: CRC Press. pp.163-181. (IAH Selected Papers on Hydrogeology 15)
Groundwater irrigation ; Shallow tube wells ; Pumps ; Private ownership ; Farmers ; Small farms ; Agricultural credit ; Financing ; Loans ; Agricultural policy ; Poverty ; Rural areas ; Electrification ; Surveys ; Crops ; Diversification ; Productivity ; Profitability / Nepal / Dangihat / Arjundhara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G570 MUK Record No: H042228)
(0.40 MB)
12 Mi, J.; Huang, J.; Wang, J.; Mukherji, Aditi. 2008. Participants in groundwater markets: who are sellers? Journal of Natural Resources, 23(6):1-12.
Water market ; Groundwater ; Groundwater irrigation ; Tube wells ; Collective ownership ; Private ownership ; Households ; Villages ; Rural areas ; Water table ; Drought ; Surveys ; Farmers ; Income ; Economic analysis ; Econometric models / China / Hebei / Henan / Xian county / Ci county / Yanjin county
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042256)
(0.81 MB)
Few studies have paid attention to the groundwater market in rural China though it has developed rapidly in recent decades. The main objectives of this paper are to describe the main characteristics of participants of rural groundwater market and identify the determinants of selling water. Data used in this research comes from 150 households in two provinces in northern China. Based on our field survey, we find that the farmers with higher wealth, more advantaged in agricultural activity, and higher social position are more likely to be the sellers. Transaction costs also have impacts on participants in the groundwater market.
13 Barron, J. (Ed.) 2009. Rainwater harvesting: a lifeline for human well-being. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP Division of Environmental Policy Implementation; Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute. 69p.
Water harvesting ; Rainwater ; Ecosystems ; Forests ; Watershed management ; Agroecosystems ; Runoff ; Rainfed farming ; Urban areas ; Rural areas ; Water security ; Water supply ; Water storage ; Climate change ; Food security ; Case studies ; Water security ; Supplemental irrigation ; Livestock
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042282)
http://www.unepdhi.org/documents/Rainwater%20Harvesting%20090310b.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042282.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042282.pdf
(2.36 MB)
14 Konig, K. W. 2009. Rainwater harvesting for water security in rural and urban areas. In Barron, J. (Ed.). Rainwater harvesting: a lifeline for human well-being. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP Division of Environmental Policy Implementation; Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute. pp.44-55.
Water harvesting ; Rainwater ; Ecosystems ; Water security ; Rural areas ; Urban areas ; Water supply ; Water use ; Tanks ; Water storage ; Domestic water ; Case studies / Africa / Kenya / Brazil / China / Australia / Korea / Germany
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042287)
http://www.unep.org/Themes/Freshwater/PDF/Rainwater_Harvesting_090310b.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042287.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042287.pdf
(0.60 MB)
15 White, H. 2008. Of probits and participation: the use of mixed methods in quantitative impact evaluation. IDS Bulletin, 39(1):98-109.
Impact assessment ; Evaluation ; Electrification ; Rural areas ; Households ; Education ; Educational reforms ; Social aspects ; Women / Laos / Ghana / Bangladesh / India / Malawi / Zambia / Andhra Pradesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 658.4013 G000 WHI Record No: H034789)
16 van Koppen, Barbara; Smits, S.; Moriarty, P.; Penning de Vries, F.; Mikhail, M.; Boelee, Eline. 2009. Climbing the water ladder: multiple-use water services for poverty reduction. Hague, Netherlands: International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF). 215p. (IRC TP Series 52)
Multiple use ; Models ; Water productivity ; Research projects ; Water supply ; Domestic water ; Irrigation water ; Water governance ; Poverty ; Gender ; Rural areas ; Wells ; Water harvesting ; Runoff ; Water storage ; Water purification ; Appropriate technology ; Costs ; Local government ; Non governmental organizations ; Case studies / Ehiopia / Nepal / Zimbabwe / Bolivia / India / Colombia / Thailand / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 VAN Record No: H042336)
(3.64 MB)
In low- and middle-income countries, people need water for drinking, personal hygiene and other domestic use. But they also use it for livestock, horticulture, irrigation, fisheries, brickmaking, and other small-scale enterprises. Multiple-use water services (MUS) are best suited to meeting people’s needs. However, most water services are designed only for domestic water or only for agriculture, and fail to reflect its real-life use. The action research project ‘Models for implementing multiple-use water supply systems for enhanced land and water productivity, rural livelihoods and gender equity’ developed case studies in eight countries (Bolivia, Colombia, Ethiopia, India, Nepal, South Africa, Thailand and Zimbabwe) involving 150 institutions. The project analysed two models: homestead-scale and community-scale MUS and developed a ‘multiple-use water ladder' to show how better livelihoods flow from increased access to water. This book shows how livelihoods act as the main driver for water services and how access to water is determined by sustainable water resources, appropriate technologies and equitable ways of managing communal systems. Climbing the water ladder requires a small fraction of total water resources, yet has the potential to help people climb out of poverty. Local government can be the pivot to make this happen. But, it needs support to implement its mandate to meet multiple-use demand and to become more accountable to people in communities.
17 Bruggeman, A.; Ouessar, M.; Mohtar, R. H. (Eds.) 2008. Watershed management in dry areas, challenges and opportunities: proceedings of a workshop held in Jerba, Tunisia, 4-7 January 2005. Aleppo, Syria: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). 173p.
Watershed management ; Water resource management ; Soil conservation ; Soil types ; Water conservation ; Soil management ; Arid lands ; Mountains ; Highlands ; Reservoirs ; Assessment ; GIS ; Water harvesting ; Runoff ; Sedimentation ; Infiltration ; Hydrology ; Analysis ; Rain ; Flooding ; Drought ; Models ; Calibration ; Rural areas ; Water table ; Groundwater recharge ; Wells ; Supplemental irrigation ; Cost benefit analysis ; Case studies / North Africa / Middle East / Morocco / Tunisia / Yemen / Algeria / USA / Oum Zessar Watershed / Red Sea / Walnut Gulch Watershed / Kamech Watershed / Zaghouan / Oued Zioud Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G229 BRU Record No: H034797)
(0.60 MB)
18 Cao, J.; Cheng, X.; Li, X. 2009. Groundwater use and its management: policy and institutional options in rural areas of north China. In Mukherji, Aditi; Villholth, K. G.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Wang, J. (Eds.) Groundwater governance in the Indo-Gangetic and Yellow River basins: realities and challenges. London, UK: CRC Press. pp.201-217. (IAH Selected Papers on Hydrogeology 15)
Groundwater management ; Groundwater development ; Rural areas ; Water scarcity ; Hydrology ; Infiltration ; Precipitation ; Groundwater recharge ; Crop management ; Villages ; Tube wells ; Ownership ; Environmental effects ; Water table ; Water market ; Policy / China / Hebei Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G570 MUK Record No: H042230)
19 Dillon, P.; Pavelic, P.; Page, D.; Beringen, H.; Ward, J. 2009. Managed aquifer recharge: an introduction. Canberra, Australia: National Water Commission. 65p. (Waterlines Report Series 13)
Aquifers ; Recharge ; Water storage ; Recycling ; Water resource management ; Water governance ; Urban areas ; Rural areas ; Water supply ; Development projects / Australia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042544)
(2.29 MB)
This document summarises at an introductory level the relevant information needed to consider managed aquifer recharge (MAR), alongside other better-known alternatives, as a prospective new water supply for drinking or non-potable uses. It contains information on economics of MAR and some governance issues that has not previously been published. The document outlines the opportunities that MAR may provide, primarily for cities but also in rural and regional areas. It does not attempt to describe the many technical issues that are covered in the scientific literature accessible from the sources referenced here.
20 Choudhury, Nirmalya; Patel, Ankit; Phansalkar, S. 2009. Assessing net economic gains from domestic and industrial water supply: cases from NRLP schemes. In International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Strategic Analyses of the National River Linking Project (NRLP) of India Series 5. Proceedings of the Second National Workshop on Strategic Issues in Indian Irrigation, New Delhi, India, 8-9 April 2009. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.233-273.
Water supply ; Domestic water ; Drinking water ; Irrigation water ; River basins ; Canals ; Rural areas / India / Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojana / Polavaram-Vijaywada Link Canal Area / Polavaram Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042696)
(0.19 MB)
This paper attempts to identify and evolve a method for valuing and estimating the net gains from domestic and industrial water supply from the interbasin transfer schemes contemplated in the National River Link Project (NRLP). An existing interbasin transfer (IBT) scheme, namely Indira Gandhi Nahar Project (IGNP) and a proposed IBT scheme namely Polavaram- Vijaywada (PV) Link Canal were chosen for detailed analyses. Secondary data were used for identifying the region and the populations that benefited from the schemes. Economic gains arising out of water supply to the actual or potentially benefited areas were estimated. The estimation involved assessment of current costs incurred by the people in the area, in terms of both paid-out costs and time spent in fetching water. The saving in time was valued at market wage rates prevalent in the area and paid-out costs were assessed in terms of current market prices, ignoring the administered prices involved. The gains to urban populations were assessed by estimating the reduction in energy costs incurred by municipal authorities in undertaking the supply. Amortized capital costs for putting necessary hardware for distributing water from the IBT schemes as well as operation and maintenance (O&M) costs of running these schemes were netted from the gains to obtain the figures for net economic gains. More indirect benefits such as reduced drudgery or improved educational performance as well as reduced health expenditure were recognized but were all ignored to ensure greater robustness in the estimates. Only net gains to the society were considered and hence gains arising out of creation of industrial estates within the commands were ignored since similar gains could also be obtained by locating these estates elsewhere. The net economic gains are seen to depend on both demographic features of the region and its ecology. Desert-like conditions of the IGNP-benefited areas tend to make the gains from domestic water supply schemes large, while similar gains in the Polavaram-Vijaywada areas are smaller. The net economic gains are of a significant order and would seem to indicate that, at least insofar as the dry areas of the country are concerned, these can perhaps exceed the gains due to increased agricultural production and hence could perhaps justify the creation of the schemes by themselves.
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