Your search found 20 records
1 Dewandel, B.; Perrin, J.; Ahmed, S.; Aulong, S.; Hrkal, Z.; Lachassagne, P.; Samad, Madar; Massuel, S. 2010. Development of a tool for managing groundwater resources in semi-arid hard rock regions: application to a rural watershed in South India. Hydrological Processes, 24(19):2784–2797. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7696]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043174)
(0.33 MB)
Until recently, aquifers located in hard rock formations (granite, gneiss, schist) were considered as a highly heterogeneous media, and no adequate methodology for groundwater management was available. Recent research studies have shown that when hard rocks are exposed to regional and deep-weathering processes and when the geology is relatively homogenous, a typical hard rock aquifer is made of two main superimposed hydrogeological layers each characterized by quite homogeneous specific hydrodynamic properties: namely the saprolite and the fissured layers. Therefore, for these cases, hard rock aquifers can be considered as a multi-layered system. Based on these works, an operational decision support tool (DST-GW ) designed for the management of groundwater resources in hard rock area under variable agro-climatic conditions has been developed. The tool focuses on the impact of changing cropping pattern, artificial recharge and rainfall conditions on groundwater levels at the scale of small watersheds (10 to about 100 km2 in case well-developed weathering profile). DST-GW is based on the groundwater balance and the ‘water table fluctuation method’, which are well-adapted methods in hard rock and semiarid contexts. Based on field data from an overexploited South Indian watershed (58 km2), the model allows calibrating, at watershed scale, the variation in specific yield of the aquifer with depth, as well as the rainfall-aquifer recharge relationship. Seasonal basin-scale piezometric levels are computed with an average deviation of š0Ð56 m compared to measurements from 2001 to 2005. The model shows that, if no measure is taken, the water table depletion will induce the drying-up of most of the exploited borewells by the year 2012. Scenarios of mitigation measures elaborated with the tool show that change in cropping patterns could rapidly reverse the tendency and lead to a sustainable management of the resource. This work presents the developed tool and particularly the hydraulic model involved in and its application to a case study. However, the purpose tool is applicable at watershed scale but not design for the groundwater management of a very small area or for a single borewell.
2 Shah, Tushaar; Lele, U. 2011. Climate change, food and water security in South Asia: critical issues and cooperative strategies in an age of increased risk and uncertainty. Synthesis of discussions of a Global Water Partnership (GWP) and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) workshop. Stockholm, Sweden: Global Water Partnership (GWP). 32p. + annexes.
Climate change ; Food security ; Water security ; Risks ; Irrigation systems ; Groundwater ; Resource depletion ; Flooding / South Asia / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044124)
http://www.gwp.org/Global/About%20GWP/Publications/Colombo%20Synthesis%20Report%20Climate%20Change%20Food%20and%20Water%20Security%20in%20South%20Asia,%20final.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044124.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044124.pdf
(1.34 MB) (1.34MB)
3 Shah, T. 1998. Externality and equity implications of private exploitation of ground-water resources. Agricultural Systems, 28:119-139.
Groundwater extraction ; Water resources ; Conjunctive use ; Resource depletion ; Equity ; Private ownership ; Water table ; Wells ; Costs ; Coastal area ; Saline water ; Aquifers ; Pumping ; Canal irrigation ; Public policy / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044237)
(1.18 MB)
Private exploitation of ground-water resources has several externality and equity effects. Four of these which have become particularly important in India are: (a) inequities caused by unequal access, (b ) diseconomies caused by clustering of modern Water Extraction Mechanisms (WEMs) and permanent decline in water table due to excessive pumpage, (c) ingress of saline water into coastal aquifers due to lowering of ground-water table and (d) the potential that private WEMs offer to mitigate diseconomies in the form of water-logging and build-up of soil salinity in command areas of canals. Existing instruments of policy and the manner of their implementation are unlikely to be effective in managing these diverse effects. Public control of ground-water resource may, in theory, provide an alternative; however, existing evidence about management capacities available in the third worm irrigation systems raises serious doubts about its viability. A third alternative aiming at managing these effects by influencing private returns to irrigation has been explored and developed.
4 Loulseged, Makonnen; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Jayasinghe, Gayathree; Hagos, Fitsum; Erkossa, Teklu. 2011. Inventory, sustainability assessment, and upscaling of best agricultural water management practices. In Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Erkossa, Teklu; Balcha, Y. (Comps.). Irrigation and water for sustainable development: proceedings of the Second Forum, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15-16 December 2008. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.153-183.
Water management ; Irrigated farming ; Rain ; Water harvesting ; Technology ; Runoff ; Income ; Case studies ; Irrigation systems ; Small scale systems ; Spate irrigation ; Farmers ; Dams ; Resource depletion ; Groundwater ; Wells ; Water conservation ; Soil conservation ; Environmental effects ; Social aspects ; Health / Ethiopia / Atsbi / Tigray / Tsebayina Micro Dam / Oromia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044262)
(0.66 MB)
It is the belief of many analysts that agrarian countries like Ethiopia that depend on rain-fed agriculture are significantly vulnerable to rainfall variability, the risk which tends to aggravate with global climate change. Consequently, it is believed that future increases in food supplies and economic prosperity depend heavily on effective agricultural water management. It is with this in mind that the use of low-cost technologies for rainwater and runoff control, storage, water lifting, conveyance and application have become more widespread in Ethiopia since the recent drought of 2002/2003. A range of technologies are currently used with varying levels of impacts. This paper outlines an inventory, characterization, suitability and upscaling aspects of Agricultural Water Management Technologies (AWMT) in Ethiopia. Particular characteristics of each of the technologies, their suitability for a given environment, and the necessary conditions for their successful adoption and scaling up are identified. Furthermore, a variety of combinations of technologies used for control or storage, lifting, conveyance and application of rainwater are documented. Suitability of a technology in a particular environment depends on many factors, such as, the nature of technical complexity, the existing institutional and individual capacity to implement, the costs and benefits, etc. Technical considerations include implementation (set up), operation and maintenance, affordability and environmental impact. The results of a ranking exercise of the technical complexity of a given technology are presented. Concerns related to waterborne and water-related diseases due to stagnation, water quality and possibility of mosquito breeding are discussed. Households in some parts of Ethiopia, who have practiced improved agricultural water management suitable to their local conditions, have managed to diversify their incomes through beekeeping, livestock, intercropping cash crops with food crops and setting up shops, hotels and flour mills in the nearby towns or villages. Therefore, AWMT at smallholder level meet the intended purpose, provided that they are suitable and adaptable to the local circumstances. The question is which of the technologies are suitable to which area under what socioeconomic conditions?
5 Kuppannan, Palanisami; Ranganathan, C. R.; Umetsu, C. 2011. Groundwater over-exploitation and efficiency in crop production: application of data envelopment analysis. Journal of Applied Operational Research, 3(1):13-22.
Groundwater extraction ; Resource depletion ; Crop production ; Efficiency ; Data analysis ; Water scarcity ; Wells ; Irrigation ; Farms ; Farmers / South India / Tamil Nadu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044494)
(0.11 MB)
Groundwater over-exploitation and well failure are common in hard rock regions of south India. Groundwater scarcity influenced the farm input use and overall farm level technical efficiency. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been used to quantify the level of technical efficiency in different groundwater extraction regions of Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu state, India. The average technical efficiency had varied from 95.55 percent in more exploited (critical) regions to 82.93 percent in less exploited (safe) regions. The scale efficiency has indicated that input use was close to the optimum level in groundwater more exploited regions compared to less exploited regions. The results had indicated that there is further scope to increase the technical efficiency among the farm groups within each groundwater extracting regions. The recommendations include adoption of a crop pattern with minimum crop failure and introduction of regular farm educational programs as well as participatory crop management programs for better use of the resources.
6 Pavelic, Paul; Patankar, U.; Acharya, Sreedhar; Jella, Kiran; Gumma, M. K. 2012. Role of groundwater in buffering irrigation production against climate variability at the basin scale in South-West India. Agricultural Water Management, 103(1):78-87. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2011.10.01]
Groundwater irrigation ; Wells ; Resource depletion ; Aquifers ; Climate change ; River basins ; Rain ; Hydrology ; Water scarcity ; Water stress ; Water scarcity / India / Upper Bhima River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H044570)
(2.01 MB)
The basaltic aquifers of the Upper Bhima River Basin in India are highly utilized for irrigation but the sustainability of groundwater withdrawals and the agricultural production systems they support is largely unknown. Here we used hydrogeological data, supported by secondary data, to assess the effects of water scarcity over a decade-long period (1998–2007) on the groundwater resources at the regional basin scale. This reveals no evidence of systematic declines in total groundwater availability over the period; only shorter-term losses/gains in storage associated with successive dry/wet years. The clearest indicator of stress comes from the more widespread drying out of wells following lower rainfall years throughout the basin and especially in upland areas where aquifers are least developed and most easily drained. Groundwater in the basin offers an adaptive mechanism to climate variability to some degree, but the buffering capacity is constrained by low aquifer storativity and average residence times of just a few years. Around 40% of the basin is currently at a level of development that is of concern, and the number of irrigation wells is growing rapidly. However recent evidence of conversion from high to low water use crops indicates the adaptive capacity of farmers to water-related stresses. Surplus surface water ows may provide opportunities to enhance groundwater recharge but requires careful trade-off analysis of the downstream impacts.
7 Pavelic, Paul; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Favreau, G.; Villholth, Karen G. 2012. Water-balance approach for assessing potential for smallholder groundwater irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa. Water SA, 38(3): 399-406. (Special edition on International Conference on Groundwater). [doi: https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v38i3.5]
Water balance ; Groundwater irrigation ; Resource depletion ; Smallholders ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Case studies / Ghana / Burkina Faso / South-western Niger / Atankwidi River basin / Iullemmeden Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044995)
(0.50 MB)
Strategies for increasing the development and use of groundwater for agriculture over much of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are urgently needed. Expansion of small-scale groundwater irrigation offers an attractive option to smallholder farmers to overcome unreliable wet-season rainfall and enhance dry-season production. This paper presents a simple, generic groundwater-balance-based methodology that uses a set of type-curves to assist with decision making on the scope for developing sustainable groundwater irrigation supplies, and to help understand how cropping choices influence the potential areal extent of irrigation. Guidance to avoid over-exploitation of the resource is also provided. The methodology is applied to 2 sites in West Africa with contrasting climatic and subsurface conditions. At both sites the analysis reveals that there is significant potential for further groundwater development for irrigation whilst allowing provisions for other sectoral uses, including basic human needs and the environment.
8 Verma, S.; Krishnan, S.; Reddy, A.; Reddy, K. R. 2012. Andhra Pradesh [India] Farmer Managed Groundwater Systems (APFAMGS): a reality check. IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Highlight, 37. 11p.
Groundwater management ; Resource depletion ; Water governance ; Farmers ; Non governmental organizations ; Institutions ; Surveys / India / Andhra Pradesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045484)
(335.3KB)
9 Findikakis, A. N.; Sato, K. 2011. Groundwater management practices. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press - Balkema. 425p. (IAHR Monograph)
Groundwater management ; Water resources ; Water scarcity ; Water use ; Water supply ; Water depletion ; Aquifers ; Water storage ; Water quality ; Monitoring ; Salt water intrusion ; Hydrology ; River basins ; Rain ; Pumping ; Artificial recharge ; International waters ; Resource depletion ; Organizations ; Case studies ; Economic aspects ; Environmental effects ; Socioeconomic environment ; Land use ; Legal aspects ; Regulations ; Standards ; Climate change ; Drought ; Models / Japan / China / India / Spain / USA / North China Plain / Karnataka State / Jammu / Kashmir / Texas / Los Angeles / South Australia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 FIN Record No: H045643)
(0.32 MB)
10 de Stefano, L.; Llamas, M. R. (Eds.) 2013. Water, agriculture and the environment in Spain: can we square the circle? London, UK: CRC Press - Balkema. 316p.
Water management ; Public participation ; Water security ; Water use ; Water consumption ; Water footprint ; Water allocation ; Water rights ; Water availability ; Water accounting ; Virtual water ; Desalination ; Evapotranspiration ; Groundwater management ; Resource depletion ; Ecosystems ; Reservoirs ; Government policy ; Food security ; Institutions ; Land management ; Climate change ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigated farming ; Tomatoes ; Olive oil ; Farmers ; Livestock ; Environmental effects / Spain / Guadalquivir River Basin / Guadiana River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G919 DES Record No: H045809)
(0.36 MB)
11 Wang, B.; Zheng, X.; Lin, G. 2011. Groundwater-related laws, regulations and standards in China. In Findikakis, A. N.; Sato, K. Groundwater management practices. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press - Balkema. pp.295-302. (IAHR Monograph)
Groundwater management ; Water resources ; Resource depletion ; Water quality ; Water law ; Regulations ; Standards ; Legislation ; Pollution control / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 FIN Record No: H045662)
12 Mekki, I.; Ghazouani, Wafa; Closas, Alvar; Molle, Francois. 2017. Perceptions of groundwater degradation and mitigation responses in the Haouaria region in Tunisia. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 5:101-110. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.05.001]
Groundwater management ; Groundwater extraction ; Groundwater development ; Water resources ; Resource depletion ; Environmental degradation ; Aquifers ; Water users ; Agricultural practices ; Collective action ; Wells ; Tube wells ; Stakeholders ; Socioeconomic environment ; Land ownership ; Land tenure / Tunisia / Haouaria Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048138)
Avoiding the negative effects of intensive groundwater resource use is challenging, especially when the interactions and causal pathways between biophysical and socioeconomic processes are complex, and when users, management, and regulatory bodies are spatially dispersed. The plain of Haouaria, in north-eastern Tunisia, has witnessed an important development of groundwater abstraction, fueled by the multiplication of wells tapping the underlying shallow and deep aquifers. As the economic activities linked to such development are threatened by the degradation of groundwater quantity and quality, the aim of this paper is to investigate actors’ perceptions of these processes and to emphasize the undertaken mitigation measures. The study builds on semi-directive surveys with the different groundwater users and archive data in order to understand the technical, institutional and agricultural practices driving groundwater development. The paper starts by investigating the historical context of groundwater development and the progressive degradation of the resource. Then, the paper identifies the main constraints and adaptation strategies of the various users (public and private), before examining the challenges faced by groundwater users. Results show varied patterns of actors' behavior, interest, and perception of the groundwater resource. This analysis show that farmers' lack of collective action, land tenure insecurity, labor shortage, the monopoly of production inputs by suppliers, and the cost of energy for pumping are the main challenges faced by groundwater users. The study finally explores different management and policy options that can lead to a more environmentally and socioeconomically sustainable socio-hydrological system.
13 CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 2017. Building resilience through sustainable groundwater use. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 12p. (WLE Towards Sustainable Intensification: Insights and Solutions Brief 1) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.208]
Sustainability ; Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater recharge ; Water use ; Water resources ; Water policy ; Water table ; International waters ; Agricultural production ; Food production ; Food insecurity ; Farmers ; Intensification ; Resource depletion ; Environmental flows ; Income ; Policy making ; Aquifers ; Energy generation ; Solar energy ; Community management / Asia / Africa / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048141)
(2 MB)
Using groundwater for agricultural production has the potential to build resilience in food insecure regions of the world. Use of groundwater can boost agricultural production, improve rural incomes and strengthen farmers’ ability to withstand climate shocks and water variability. However, for groundwater to contribute to sustainable intensification of agriculture, it is essential to know where to invest in groundwater development and how to sustainably manage groundwater resources. WLE has identified potentially usable groundwater resources in Africa, supported important policy changes to enhance the sustainable use of groundwater in eastern India, and has developed maps and new tools that can be used to implement new policies supporting sustainable use of groundwater.
14 Closas, Alvar; Molle, Francois; Hernandez-Mora, N. 2017. Sticks and carrots: managing groundwater overabstraction in La Mancha, Spain. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 42p. (IWMI Working Paper 177) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.218]
Groundwater development ; Groundwater management ; Groundwater extraction ; Groundwater irrigation ; Aquifers ; Wetlands ; Ecosystems ; Water law ; Water rights ; Water governance ; Water rates ; Water policy ; Water users ; Environmental management ; Agricultural policy ; Public participation ; Socioeconomic development ; Decision making ; Incentives ; Legal aspects ; Regulations ; River basins ; Resource depletion ; Wells / Spain / La Mancha
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048364)
(869 MB)
This paper presents a historical analysis of the different policy tools used to manage and regulate groundwater abstraction in the Western Mancha aquifer. Without much initial regulation and control, groundwater resources and aquifer levels decreased dramatically, threatening agriculture and also highly valuable groundwater-dependent wetland ecosystems. The interplay between sticks and carrots used in La Mancha shows the necessity for regulatory bodies to complement soft management approaches based on incentives with the threat of sanctions and limitations. However, as this case study shows, each policy modality has its legal, administrative and practical loopholes, which can be negotiated and exploited by groundwater users to their own advantage. The paper also studies the distribution of decision-making power and how local dynamics and individual behaviors are linked to higher level policies and their impacts on groundwater management, with an emphasis on the effectiveness and limitations of these tools.
15 Kumar, M. D. 2018. Institutions and policies governing groundwater development, use and management in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. In Villholth Karen G.; Lopez-Gunn, E.; Conti, K.; Garrido, A.; Van Der Gun, J. (Eds.). Advances in groundwater governance. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press. pp.443-461.
Groundwater development ; Groundwater management ; Groundwater irrigation ; Water governance ; Water policy ; Water institutions ; Water use ; Water law ; Water rights ; Water level ; Corporate culture ; Landscape ; Eelectricity supplies ; Agricultural sector ; Subsidies ; Resource depletion / India / West Bengal / Punjab / Uttar Pradesh / Indo-Gangetic Plains
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048560)
16 Molle, F.; Lopez-Gunn, E.; van Steenbergen, F. 2018. The local and national politics of groundwater overexploitation. Water Alternatives, 11(3):445-457. (Special issue: Local- and National-level Politics of Groundwater Overexploitation).
Groundwater extraction ; Political aspects ; Water governance ; Water policy ; Resource depletion ; Water resources ; Co-management ; Water use ; Wells ; Aquifers ; Legal aspects ; Licences ; Case studies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048995)
http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol11/v11issue3/448-a11-3-1/file
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048995.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048995.pdf
(0.64 MB) (656 KB)
Groundwater overexploitation is a worldwide phenomenon with important consequences and as yet few effective solutions. Work on groundwater governance often emphasises the roles of both formal state-centred policies and tools on the one hand, and self-governance and collective action on the other. Yet, empirically grounded work is limited and scattered, making it difficult to identify and characterise key emerging trends. Groundwater policy making is frequently premised on an overestimation of the power of the state, which is often seen as incapable or unwilling to act and constrained by a myriad of logistical, political and legal issues. Actors on the ground either find many ways to circumvent regulations or develop their own bricolage of patched, often uncoordinated, solutions; whereas in other cases corruption and capture occur, for example in water right trading rules, sometimes with the complicity – even bribing – of officials. Failed regulation has a continued impact on the environment and the crowding out of those lacking the financial means to continue the race to the bottom. Groundwater governance systems vary widely according to the situation, from state-centred governance to co-management and rare instances of community-centred management. The collection of papers in this issue illustrates the diversity of situations, the key role of the state, the political intricacies of achieving sustainability and establishing a mode of governance that can account for the externalities of groundwater overdraft, and the opportunities to establish cooperative arrangements.
17 Moretti, M.; Vanschoenwinkel, J.; Van Passel, S. 2021. Accounting for externalities in cross-sectional economic models of climate change impacts. Ecological Economics, 185:107058. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107058]
Climate change ; Economic value ; Sustainability ; Externalities ; Natural resources ; Resource depletion ; Environmental factors ; Farm income ; Farmland ; Temperature ; Indicators ; Models ; Ricardian approach / Europe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050331)
(3.22 MB)
Environmental effects and natural resources depletion associated with agriculture production affect the agriculture response to climate change. Traditional cross-sectional climate response models ignore this requirement. This research estimates the impact of climate on European agriculture using a continental scale Ricardian analysis. We correct farm income by accounting for resources (energy, fertilisers, pesticides, and water) use intensity and calculate the sustainable value for a sample of 9497 specialized field crop farms. Compared with the traditional Ricardian method, the marginal effects of temperature remain positive (but less positive) in Northern countries, while it leads to less damages in Southern countries when net revenue and farms' sustainable values are used as dependent variables. Accounting for the environmental effects and depletion of natural capital improves the ability of the Ricardian method to estimate agriculture climate response functions in the long run.
18 Asprilla-Echeverria, J. 2021. The social drivers of cooperation in groundwater management and implications for sustainability. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 15:100668. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100668]
Groundwater management ; Cooperation ; Sustainability ; Social institutions ; Aquifers ; Groundwater extraction ; Resource depletion ; Water conservation ; Water scarcity ; Water users ; Natural resources ; Climate variability ; Climate change ; Infrastructure ; Wells ; Pumping ; Agreements ; Decision making ; Property rights
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050750)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352801X21001259/pdfft?md5=e1c69d55324d01b9679eb5d3cd8822e5&pid=1-s2.0-S2352801X21001259-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050750.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050750.pdf
(1.82 MB) (1.82 MB)
The present article develops a methodical literature review on the social and behavioral dimensions in common-pool resources (CPR) cooperation, especially in groundwater management. It is built upon the revision of ninety-five articles published in peer-reviewed journals related to water, collective goods, common-pool resources, and natural resources economics. The time span covers the published books and articles from 1964 until 2018 and makes special reference to Hume (1898) explanations on how complicated the maintenance of resources used in common is. If sustainability in CPR management programs is pursued, drivers for cooperation should be understood to make it manageable and operationalizable. Suggestions are made in terms of the classification of the drivers for cooperation, namely instruments, conditions, components/strategies, and assumptions. Apart from presenting the literature reviewed, the implications for CPR sustainability are discussed. Aquifers present different hydrogeological characteristics, subject to complex social extraction decisions and physical changing circumstances such as climate change and climate variability. Groundwater conservation and experimental settings should not only reflect the complex physical interrelated elements, but the complex social institutions and rules governing the extraction patterns.
19 Groner, V. P.; Nicholas, O.; Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe; Slotow, R.; Akcakaya, H. R.; Mace, G. M.; Pearson, R. G. 2022. Climate change, land cover change, and overharvesting threaten a widely used medicinal plant in South Africa. Ecological Applications, 32(4):e2545. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2545]
Climate change ; Land cover change ; Medicinal plants ; Resource depletion ; Ecosystem services ; Species ; Habitat loss ; Conservation ; Biodiversity ; Models / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051023)
https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.2545
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051023.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051023.pdf
(0.83 MB) (846 KB)
Medicinal plants contribute substantially to the well-being of people in large parts of the world, providing traditional medicine and supporting livelihoods from trading plant parts, which is especially significant for women in low-income communities. However, the availability of wild medicinal plants is increasingly threatened; for example, the Natal Lily (Clivia miniata), which is one of the most widely traded plants in informal medicine markets in South Africa, lost over 40% of individuals over the last 90 years. Understanding the species’ response to individual and multiple pressures is essential for prioritizing and planning conservation actions. To gain this understanding, we simulated the future range and abundance of C. miniata by coupling Species Distribution Models with a metapopulation model (RAMAS-GIS). We contrasted scenarios of climate change (RCP2.6 vs. RCP8.5), land cover change (intensification vs. expansion), and harvesting (only juveniles vs. all life stages). All our scenarios pointed to continuing declines in suitable habitat and abundance by the 2050s. When acting independently, climate change, land cover change, and harvesting each reduced the projected abundance substantially, with land cover change causing the most pronounced declines. Harvesting individuals from all life stages affected the projected metapopulation size more negatively than extracting only juveniles. When the three pressures acted together, declines of suitable habitat and abundance accelerated but uncertainties were too large to identify whether pressures acted synergistically, additively, or antagonistically. Our results suggest that conservation should prioritize the protection of suitable habitat and ensure sustainable harvesting to support a viable metapopulation under realistic levels of climate change. Inadequate management of C. miniata populations in the wild will likely have negative consequences for the well-being of people relying on this ecosystem service, and we expect there may be comparable consequences relating to other medicinal plants in different parts of the world.
20 Saha, D.; Sikka, Alok K.; Goklani, Rahul. 2022. Artificial recharge endeavours in India: a review. Water Security, 16:100121. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasec.2022.100121]
Groundwater recharge ; Artificial recharge ; Rainwater harvesting ; Aquifers ; Resource depletion ; Water quality ; Impact assessment ; Socioeconomic aspects / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051237)
(0.59 MB)
In India, artificial recharge (AR) of aquifers is considered a primary supply-side measure to combat the widespread over-exploitation of groundwater. As a major collateral benefit of rainwater harvesting (RWH) is aquifer rejuvenation, both rainwater harvesting and AR are planned and executed as a set of coherent interventions. The Central and state governments have brought in several schemes involving AR and RWH. Moreover, a number of researches are being conducted on how to select the sites for structure construction, the types of structure and their designs depending upon the local hydrogeology, groundwater flow regime, terrain condition and demand of water, and how they impact on resource rejuvenation and improvement in water quality. Various researches are also available on how such endeavors are translating into socio-economic benefits. The paper reviews the researches that have been done in India on these issues and related government policies and schemes under execution. The critical issues like source water availability for recharge, upstream-downstream conflicts, and the rising awareness of different demand-side interventions for sustainable management of groundwater resources have also been discussed.
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