Your search found 14 records
1 Bruijnzeel, L. A.; Bremmer, C. N. 1989. Highland-lowland interactions in the Ganges Brahmaputra River Basin: a review of published literature. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD). 136p. (ICIMOD Occasional Paper 11)
Highlands ; Lowland ; River basins ; Plains ; Geomorphology ; Geology ; Hydrology ; Climate change ; Precipitation ; Rain ; Evaporation ; Vegetation ; Land use ; Sedimentation ; Water yield ; Water budget ; Erosion / India / Ganges River Basin / Brahmaputra River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.483 G000 BRU Record No: H044505)
(0.37 MB)
2 Johnston, Robyn; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Lacombe, Guillaume; Lefroy, R.; Pavelic, Paul; Fry, Carolyn. 2012. Managing water in rainfed agriculture in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Final report prepared by IWMI for Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). 100p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2012.201]
Water management ; Agroecology ; Environment ; Rainfed farming ; Irrigated farming ; Farming systems ; Crop production ; Agricultural production ; Yields ; Poverty ; Climate change ; Drought ; Floodplains ; Rain ; Mapping ; Case studies ; Reservoirs ; Deltas ; Groundwater ; Farm ponds ; Water storage ; Rivers ; Lowland ; Highlands ; Plains ; Landscape ; Coastal area ; Urban areas ; Aquifers / Southeast Asia / Cambodia / Laos / Myanmar / Thailand / Vietnam / Greater Mekong Subregion
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044646)
(4.39 MB) (2.44MB)
3 Eguavoen, I.; Derib, S. D.; Deneke, T. T.; McCartney, Matthew; Otto, B. A.; Billa, S. S. 2012. Digging, damming or diverting?: small-scale irrigation in the Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Water Alternatives, 5(3):678-699.
Small scale systems ; Irrigation schemes ; Irrigation scheduling ; River basins ; Water storage ; Water rights ; Land rights ; Land use ; Dams ; Wells ; Ponds ; Plains ; Case studies ; Water user associations ; Water allocation ; Agricultural production ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Gender / Ethiopia / Blue Nile Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045113)
http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=186
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045113.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045113.pdf
(0.98 MB) (0.98MB)
The diversity of small-scale irrigation in the Ethiopian Blue Nile basin comprises small dams, wells, ponds and river diversion. The diversity of irrigation infrastructure is partly a consequence of the topographic heterogeneity of the Fogera plains. Despite similar social-political conditions and the same administrative framework, irrigation facilities are established, used and managed differently, ranging from informal arrangements of households and 'water fathers' to water user associations, as well as from open access to irrigation schedules. Fogera belongs to Ethiopian landscapes that will soon transform as a consequence of large dams and huge irrigation schemes. Property rights to land and water are negotiated among a variety of old and new actors. This study, based on ethnographic, hydrological and survey data, synthesises four case studies to analyse the current state of small-scale irrigation. It argues that all water storage options have not only certain comparative advantages but also social constraints, and supports a policy of extending water storage 'systems' that combine and build on complementarities of different storage types instead of fully replacing diversity by large dams.
4 Shu, Y.; Villholth, K. G.; Jensen, K. H.; Stisen, S.; Lei, Y. 2012. Integrated hydrological modeling of the North China Plain: options for sustainable groundwater use in the alluvial plain of Mt. Taihang. Journal of Hydrology, 464-465:79-93. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.06.048]
Water management ; Water balance ; Groundwater management ; Aquifers ; Pumping ; Hydrology ; Models ; Plains ; Evapotranspiration ; Cropping patterns ; Precipitation ; Calibration / China / North China Plain / Mount Taihang
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045583)
(2.62 MB)
The integrated hydrological model MIKE SHE was applied to a part of the North China Plain to examine the dynamics of the hydrological system and to assess water management options to restore depleted groundwater resources. The model simulates the spatio-temporal distribution of recharge to and the associated dynamics of the alluvial aquifers based on climatic conditions, land use, soil characteristics, irrigation and coupled unsaturated-saturated zone processes. The model was auto-calibrated for the period 1996–2002 against daily observations of groundwater head from wells distributed across the 7230 km2 region and actual evapotranspiration measured at an agricultural station located within the model area. The model simulations compared well with observations and acceptable values were obtained for both root mean square error and correlation coef cient. The calibrated model was subsequently used for scenario analysis of the effect of different cropping rotations, irrigation intensity, and other water management options, like the implementation of the South to North Water Transfer (SNWT) project. The model analysis veri ed that groundwater tables in the region are subject to steep declines (up to 1 m/yr) due to decades of intensive exploitation of the groundwater resources for crop irrigation, primarily the widespread crop rotation of irrigated winter wheat and mostly rainfed summer maize. The SNWT project mitigates water stress in Shijiazhuang city and areas adjacent to wastewater canals but cannot solely reverse declining water tables across the region. Combining the SNWT project and implementing region-wide crop and irrigation system changes, including de cit irrigation, wastewater irrigation, and alternating winter fallow, provides a feasible means to stabilize groundwater levels in the area.
5 Sophocleous, M. 2011. Groundwater legal framework and management practices in the high plains aquifer, USA. In Findikakis, A. N.; Sato, K. Groundwater management practices. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press - Balkema. pp.325-366. (IAHR Monograph)
Groundwater management ; Groundwater extraction ; Aquifers ; Plains ; Legal aspects ; Water rights ; Water levels ; Water allocation ; Models ; Climate change ; Government departments / USA / Texas / Oklahoma / Colorado / New Mexico / Kansas / Nebraska
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 FIN Record No: H045664)
6 Villholth, Karen G.; Ganeshamoorthy, G.; Rundblad, C. M.; Knudsen, T. S. 2013. Smallholder groundwater irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa: an interdisciplinary framework applied to the Usangu Plains, Tanzania. Hydrogeology Journal, 21(7):1481-1495. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-013-1016-x]
Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater development ; Smallholders ; Plains ; Socioeconomic environment ; Irrigated farming ; Farmland ; Water drilling ; Pumps ; Poverty ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Policy / Sub-Saharan Africa / Tanzania / Usangu Plains
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045947)
(0.49 MB)
A simple but comprehensive framework for analysing the potential for and constraints to groundwater development for irrigated agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa is proposed. The framework, based on food value chain principles, is applied to the sub-Saharan context and a specific catchment in Tanzania, the Usangu plains, where groundwater has been proposed as a strategic resource for augmenting food production and smallholder livelihoods and to alleviate seasonal water scarcity. The novel contribution of the work is the presentation of a tool that can be applied to support an interdisciplinary approach to systematically identify most significant barriers and most critical water management and development interventions for sustainable development of groundwater irrigation. The result of the case study shows that farmer economics, capacity, and pump and well drilling market constraints limit groundwater irrigation in the Usangu plains rather than hydrogeological conditions.
7 Ambachew, K.; Fanta, A. 2014. Optimizing flood and sediment management of spate irrigation in Aba’Ala plains. In Erkossa, Teklu; Hagos, Fitsum; Lefore, Nicole. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Workshop on Flood-based Farming for Food Security and Adaption to Climate Change in Ethiopia: Potential and Challenges, Adama, Ethiopia, 30-31 October 2013. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.69-93.
Flood water ; Water management ; Sedimentation ; Spate irrigation ; Optimization ; Land use ; Canals ; Flow discharge ; Hydrology ; Models ; Plains ; Rivers / Ethiopia / Aba’ala Plains
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046941)
(400 KB)
Floodwater management and sedimentation are the key issues which should be considered during the development of new, or improvement of existing, spate irrigation schemes. The traditional intakes are superior in their site location, flexibility, and sediment-control capability. However, they have been frequently damaged by floods resulting in loss of continuous irrigation supply. The modern structures, albeit strong enough to withstand the impact force of the largest floods, suffer from large sedimentation problems. Farmers of Aba’ala Plain have been struggling with sedimentation and floodwater-management problems associated with their modern and traditional intakes. The objective of this research is, thus, to study the existing flood and sediment management practices and identify alternative options for optimum management of floods and sediments in the Aba’ala Plain, Afar. Aba’ala is the largest plain in the arid lowlands of Ethiopia where a combination of traditional, improved and modern spate irrigation systems are practiced. Extensive fieldwork was undertaken leading to measurement and collection of primary data including discharge, sediments and river cross sections. Interviews and focal group discussions were also employed and these generated deeper insights into O&M activities. In addition, Alluvial Friction Predictor and Sand Transport Predictor of SHARC model were employed to generate sediment concentration of the floodwater. Delft3D, a hydrodynamic model, has been used to simulate flow patterns and sedimentation under the existing condition and for different improvement options. For the existing condition (scenario-I), results of the model simulation showed high sediment deposition and low floodwater abstraction rate. Consequently, only 41 and 23% of the command areas under the modern and traditional intakes can be fully irrigated during the bad flood season. The high intake diversion rate and the reduced sedimentation around the intake were achieved with the improvement options under scenario-II (four consecutive bed stabilizers, a 30 m guiding wall upstream of the modern intake and reinforcement of the traditional intake). However, this scenario has a potential to cause conflict between upstream and downstream users as the result showed a decline of water level (15 cm) at the downstream intake. Therefore, scenario-III is recommended for a maximum floodwater diversion and minimum sediment deposition with a fair share of water between upstream and downstream intakes. This scenario would consist of open gabion reinforced multiple intakes with a 78 m long guide wall upstream of the modern intake, a 30 m long guide wall upstream of the traditional intake and a series of four bed stabilizers upstream of the diversion point.
8 Brindha, Karthikeyan; Pavelic, Paul; Sotoukee, Touleelor; Douangsavanh, Somphasith; Elango, L. 2017. Geochemical characteristics and groundwater quality in the Vientiane Plain, Laos. Exposure and Health, 9(2):89-104. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-016-0224-8]
Geology ; Chemical composition ; Toxicity ; Groundwater ; Water quality ; Water level ; Drinking water ; Domestic water ; Irrigation water ; Aquifers ; Plains ; Heavy metals ; Pollutants ; Iron ; Arsenic ; Copper ; Zinc ; Mercury ; Health hazards / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Vientiane Plain
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047651)
Groundwater from the shallow aquifers of the Vientiane Plain, Laos is used for domestic needs including to some extent for drinking and for household gardening. The objective of this study is to assess the groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation activities and to determine the processes that lead to the presence of major ions in groundwater. Twenty groundwater samples were collected from a village on the Plain in December 2014, January 2015, and May 2015, and analysed for major ions and selected suite of minor ions and heavy metals. Groundwater is largely acidic, fresh and soft in nature. Geochemistry showed dominant Ca–Mg–HCO3 and mixed Ca–Na–HCO3 groundwater. Sodium impacts the suitability of water for irrigation to some extent. Hydrogeochemical processes identified and verified through factor analysis indicate weathering, carbonate dissolution, ion exchange, and anthropogenic sources including salinisation, due to irrigation and use of fertilizers as sources for the occurrence of major ions at such concentrations in this area. Only concentrations of lead and iron were above the permissible limits with arsenic, copper, zinc, mercury, and uranium found to be within safe limits. Background sample (groundwater) collected 5 km from the study area and the bottled water sample were all within suitable limits for drinking. This study is the first to provide a local-level assessment of geochemical processes in groundwater of this area indicating that the groundwater does not pose any threat to human health if used for drinking based on major ions, minor ions and a suite heavy metals except for iron and lead.
9 Saha, D.; Zahid, A.; Shrestha, S. R.; Pavelic, Paul. 2016. Groundwater resources. In Bharati, Luna; Sharma, Bharat R.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Ganges River Basin: status and challenges in water, environment and livelihoods. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.24-51. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
Groundwater management ; Water resources ; Groundwater table ; Water levels ; Groundwater extraction ; Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater recharge ; Aquifers ; Water quality ; Groundwater pollution ; Arsenic ; Chemical contamination ; Tube wells ; Institutional development ; Water policy ; Resource management ; Regulations ; River basins ; Hydrogeology ; Alluvial land ; Plains ; Sediment ; Deltas / Nepal / India / Bangladesh / Ganges River Basin / Himalayan Region / Gangetic Plains / Bhabher Belt / Terai Belt
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047811)
10 Closas, Alvar; Molle, Francois. 2016. Groundwater governance in America. [Project report of the Groundwater Governance in the Arab World - Taking Stock and Addressing the Challenges]. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 238p. (Groundwater Governance in the Arab World - Report 5)
Groundwater management ; Water governance ; Groundwater extraction ; Water law ; Water conservation ; Groundwater depletion ; Groundwater table ; Surface water ; Water quality ; Pollution control ; Water supply ; Urban areas ; Conflict ; State intervention ; Corporate culture ; Water market ; Taxes ; Water users ; Community involvement ; Cooperatives ; Water resources ; Aquifers ; River basins ; Plains ; Agriculture ; Drought ; Pumping ; Energy ; Land management / North America / South America / USA / Mexico / Peru / Bolivia / Chile / Texas / Nebraska / California / Los Angeles / Oregon / Florida / Cochabamba / Ogallala Aquifer / Edwards Aquifer / Ica Valley / Copiapo River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048400)
(7.73 MB)
11 Scott, C. A.; Zhang, F.; Mukherji, A.; Immerzeel, W.; Mustafa, D.; Bharati, Luna; Zhang, H.; Albrecht, T.; Lutz, A.; Nepal, S.; Siddiqi, A.; Kuemmerle, H.; Qadir, M.; Bhuchar, S.; Prakash, A.; Sinha, R. 2019. Water in the Hindu Kush Himalaya. In Wester, P.; Mishra, A.; Mukherji, A.; Shrestha, A. B. (Eds.). The Hindu Kush Himalaya assessment: mountains, climate change, sustainability and people. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp.257-299.
Water availability ; Precipitation ; River basin management ; Flow discharge ; Sedimentation ; Water springs ; Water use ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Water governance ; Water institutions ; Groundwater management ; Lowland ; Mountains ; Plains ; Drinking water ; Sanitation ; Contaminants ; Urbanization ; Ecosystems ; Environmental flows ; International waters ; International cooperation ; Decision making / Central Asia / South Asia / Hindu Kush / Himalaya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049103)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-92288-1.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049103.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049103.pdf
(28.3 MB)
12 Bharati, Luna; Bhattarai, Utsav; Khadka, Ambika; Gurung, Pabitra; Neumann, L. E.; Penton, D. J.; Dhaubanjar, Sanita; Nepal, S. 2019. From the mountains to the plains: impact of climate change on water resources in the Koshi River Basin. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 49p. (IWMI Working Paper 187) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.205]
Climate change ; Climatic data ; Water resources ; Water balance ; Water yield ; Water availability ; Mountains ; Plains ; River basin management ; Soil analysis ; Soil water balance ; Calibration ; Spatial distribution ; Hydropower ; Precipitation ; Evapotranspiration ; Temperature ; Rainfall ; Monsoon climate ; Catchment areas ; Hydrological data ; Impact assessment ; Models ; Flow discharge ; Runoff ; Land use ; Seasonal variation / China / Nepal / India / Koshi River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049130)
(8 MB)
The Koshi Basin, spread across China, Nepal and India, is perceived as having high potential for hydropower and irrigation development, both seen as ways to promote economic development in the region. This paper quantifies and assesses the past and projected future spatial and temporal water balances in the Koshi Basin. Results show that precipitation and net water yield are lowest in the transmountain region and the Tibetan plateau. The values are highest in the mountain region, followed by the hills and Indo-Gangetic Plains. Approximately 65% of average annual precipitation is converted to flows, indicating high water availability. Actual evapotranspiration is highest in the Indo-Gangetic Plains region due to the presence of irrigated agriculture and a few forested mountain watersheds. As most of the water from the mountain and hill regions eventually flows down to the plains, the mountain and hill regions in Nepal are important for maintaining agriculture in the plains in both Nepal and India. Results from the flow analyses indicate the high temporal variability of flows in the basin. The frequent occurrences of both high- and low-flow events demonstrate the existing vulnerability of the region to both floods and droughts, leading to a very risk-prone livelihood system. Climate change projections show an increasing trend in precipitation and net water yield for most of the basin, except the transmountain region. Therefore, it is important to consider the climate change impacts on water resources in future planning.
13 Gurung, Pabitra; Dhungana, Shashwat; Kyaw Kyaw, Aung; Bharati, Luna. 2022. Hydrologic characterization of the Upper Ayeyarwaddy River Basin and the impact of climate change. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 13(7):2577-2596. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2022.407]
River basins ; Hydrology ; Climate change ; Water availability ; Water balance ; Precipitation ; Water yield ; Evapotranspiration ; Parameters ; Groundwater ; Datasets ; Spatial data ; Climatic data ; Models ; Forecasting ; Agroecological zones ; Mountains ; Plains / Myanmar / Ayeyarwaddy River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051307)
https://iwaponline.com/jwcc/article-pdf/13/7/2577/1082781/jwc0132577.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051307.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051307.pdf
(1.53 MB) (1.53 MB)
This study characterizes the hydrological regime of the Upper Ayeyarwaddy River Basin (UARB) of Myanmar under current and future climate change scenarios by using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The model simulation results show that the annual precipitation, actual evapotranspiration and water yields are 1,578, 524 and 1,010 mm, respectively. These will increase by 13–28%, 11–24% and 42–198% under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs), RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, for the future. There is seasonal variability across the cool, hot and rainy seasons in the agro-ecological regions – mountains, hills and inland plains. As in other Asian regions, the model shows that the wet (rainy) season is becoming wetter and the dry (cool) season is becoming drier in the UARB too.
14 Whittemore, D. O.; Butler Jr., J. J.; Bohling, G. C.; Wilson, B. B. 2023. Are we saving water? Simple methods for assessing the effectiveness of groundwater conservation measures. Agricultural Water Management, 287:108408. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108408]
Water conservation ; Precipitation ; Irrigation water ; Plains ; Aquifers ; Surface water ; Groundwater management ; Pumping ; Water use
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051997)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377423002731/pdfft?md5=0d277df3ce9422335db06ea27630a1fc&pid=1-s2.0-S0378377423002731-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051997.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051997.pdf
(4.55 MB) (4.55 MB)
Substantial storage reductions by irrigation pumping in many of the world’s major aquifers jeopardize future food production. As a result, new conservation measures are being utilized to reduce pumping and extend aquifer lifespans. The key question is how effective are these practices in attaining true water conservation (i.e., water use reduction) for a given area? Relationships between pumping and precipitation help provide an answer, as precipitation explains most of the variation in annual irrigation water use for aquifers in semi-arid to sub-humid climates when surface water supplies are limited. Our objective is to utilize correlations between radar precipitation and irrigation groundwater use at a range of spatial scales to assess the effectiveness of conservation approaches in the High Plains aquifer in the central USA. Linear regressions between pumping and precipitation for a conservation area established in 2013 in northwest Kansas indicate that water use and water use per irrigated area were over 27 % less and 25 % less, respectively, during 2013–2021 compared to the same climatic conditions during 2005–2012. Similar regressions found over a 38 % reduction and 23 % reduction in irrigation water use and use per irrigated area, respectively, during 2018–2021 compared to the same conditions during 2005–2017 in a west-central Kansas county with conservation areas. A decrease in irrigated area accounted for most of the difference between these reductions. Higher R2 values after conservation area establishment imply that irrigation tracks precipitation better due to use of soil moisture sensors and other measures as part of increased irrigation efficiency and enhanced water management. The precipitation and water use relationships, which are statistically significant for a wide range of spatial scales, have great potential for assessing the effectiveness of conservation practices in areas with high-quality water use and precipitation data.
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