Your search found 20 records
1 Shah, Tushaar. 2009. Groundwater irrigation and livelihoods in the Ganga Basin: analysis of minor irrigation policy in north Bengal, India. International Journal of River Basin Management, 7(2):125-133.
Groundwater irrigation ; Irrigation programs ; River basins ; Water lifting ; Policy ; Water table ; Tube wells ; Pumps ; Loans ; Farmers ; Rural poverty / India / North Bengal / Ganges Basin / North Bengal Terai Development Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042203)
(0.17 MB)
2 Kansakar, D. R.; Pant, Dhruba; Chaudhary, J. P. 2009. Reaching the poor: effectiveness of the current shallow tubewell policy in Nepal. In Mukherji, Aditi; Villholth, K. G.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Wang, J. (Eds.) Groundwater governance in the Indo-Gangetic and Yellow River basins: realities and challenges. London, UK: CRC Press. pp.163-181. (IAH Selected Papers on Hydrogeology 15)
Groundwater irrigation ; Shallow tube wells ; Pumps ; Private ownership ; Farmers ; Small farms ; Agricultural credit ; Financing ; Loans ; Agricultural policy ; Poverty ; Rural areas ; Electrification ; Surveys ; Crops ; Diversification ; Productivity ; Profitability / Nepal / Dangihat / Arjundhara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G570 MUK Record No: H042228)
(0.40 MB)
3 Chandrasiri, J. K. M. D. 2005. Rural credit for small farming sector: achievements, failures and future prospects with special attention to micro-credit systems. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute (HARTI). 91p. (HARTI Research Study 114)
Agricultural credit ; Credit policies ; Financing ; Small farms ; Financial institutions ; Loans ; Income ; Rural areas ; Smallholders ; Farming systems ; Agricultural production ; Farmers associations ; Agricultural extension ; Surveys / Sri Lanka / Anuradhapura / Rajangana Irrigation Scheme / Kekirawa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 332.71 G744 CHA Record No: H046400)
(0.32 MB)
4 Rambukwella, R. N. K.; Vidanapathirana, R. P.; Somaratne, T. G. 2007. Evaluation of crop insurance scheme in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute (HARTI). 108p. (HARTI Research Study 122)
Crop insurance ; Agricultural insurance ; Livestock insurance ; Policy ; Risk management ; Legislation ; Private sector ; Rice ; Farmers ; State intervention ; Economic aspects ; Loans ; Household income ; Crop losses / Sri Lanka / Anuradhapura / Polonnaruwa / Kurunegala / Hambantota
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 368.121 G744 RAM Record No: H046406)
(0.79 MB)
5 Aheeyar, M. M. M.; Bandara, M. A. C. S.; Padmajani, M. T. 2012. Assessment of solar powered drip irrigation project implemented by Ministry of Agriculture – phase 1. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute (HARTI). 50p. (HARTI Research Report 148)
Drip irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Solar energy ; Agriculture ; Water management ; Sustainability ; Fertigation ; Socioeconomic environment ; Farmers ; Loans ; Projects / Sri Lanka / Ampara / Anuradhapura / Badulla / Hambantota / Kurunegala / Matale / Moneragala / Polonnaruwa / Puttalam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.7 G744 AHE Record No: H046412)
(0.34 MB)
6 Egyir, I. S.; Cofie, Olufunke O.; Dubbeling, M. 2014. Options for local financing in urban agriculture. In Drechsel, Pay; Keraita, B. (Eds.) Irrigated urban vegetable production in Ghana: characteristics, benefits and risk mitigation. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.145-160.
Urban agriculture ; Vegetables ; Financing ; Financial institutions ; Loans ; Urban farmers ; Surveys / Ghana / Accra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046609)
(235.35 KB)
Access to debt financing (credit) is crucial to the development of urban agricultural production, processing and marketing activities. This chapter is based on a 2009 study 1 carried out in Accra to assess the practices of institutions and programs that could finance urban agriculture as well as the existing bottlenecks and opportunities in financing. Information is based on surveys involving 179 respondents sampled from financial institutions; urban farmers (not limited to vegetable farmers), traders and processors; literature reviews, stakeholder mapping; focus group discussions; key informant interviews; and a validation workshop.
7 Aheeyar, M. M. M.; Bandara, M. A. C. S.; Padmajani, M. T. 2012. Assessment of solar powered drip irrigation project implemented by Ministry of Agriculture – phase 1. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute (HARTI). 50p. (HARTI Research Report 148)
Drip irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Solar energy ; Agriculture ; Water management ; Sustainability ; Fertigation ; Socioeconomic environment ; Farmers ; Loans ; Projects / Sri Lanka / Ampara / Anuradhapura / Badulla / Hambantota / Kurunegala / Matale / Moneragala / Polonnaruwa / Puttalam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.7 G744 AHE c2 Record No: H046662)
(0.34 MB)
8 Jayatissa, R. L. N.; Pathirana, I. 2014. Sri Lankawe jala poshitha ha sulu warimarga ashritha govi sanvidhanavala karya sadhanaya. In Sinhalese. [Appraisal of the role of farmer organizations located in watersheds and minor irrigation schemes in Sri Lanka]. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute (HARTI). 176p. (HARTI Research Report 57)
Farmers organizations ; Performance evaluation ; Watersheds ; Irrigation schemes ; Water management ; Maintenance ; Legislation ; Case studies ; Financing ; Income ; Loans ; Social aspects ; Social welfare ; Rural areas ; Fertilizers ; Subsidies / Sri Lanka / Kurunegala / Anuradhapura / Matara / Badulla / Hambantota / Nagollagama / Ibbagamuwa / Narammala / Mihintale / Elayapattuwa / Deniyaya / Kananke / Boralanda / Keppetipola / Soranathota / Modarawana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 354.5 G744 JAY Record No: H046692)
(0.83 MB)
9 Herath, H. M. J. K. 2011. Aahara mila ihala yama gruha ekakawala ahara surakshithathawaya sambandayen dakwana balaapema. In Sinhalese. [Effects of food price increases on household food security]. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute (HARTI). 88p. (HARTI Research Report 47)
Household food security ; Food prices ; Food consumption ; Agricultural products ; Price indices ; Macroeconomics ; Economic growth ; Living standards ; Loans ; Subsidies ; Food supply ; Farmland ; Food production ; Horticulture ; Urban areas / Sri Lanka / Hambantota / Anuradhapura / Ratnapura / Gampaha / Nuwara Eliya / Badulla
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.19 G744 HER Record No: H046992)
(0.36 MB)
10 Becchetti, L.; Castriota, S.; Conzo, P. 2017. Disaster, aid, and preferences: the long-run impact of the tsunami on giving in Sri Lanka. World Development, 94:157-173. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.12.014]
Natural disasters ; Tsunamis ; Disaster recovery ; Development aid ; Social behaviour ; Attitudes ; Financial institutions ; Microfinance ; Loans ; Socioeconomic environment ; Econometrics ; Sensitivity analysis ; Regression analysis ; Villages ; Experimentation / Sri Lanka / Galle / Matara / Hambantota
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048148)
(0.38 MB)
Do natural disasters produce effects on preferences of victims in the long run? We test the impact of the tsunami shock on generosity of a sample of Sri Lankan affected/unaffected microfinance borrowers seven years after the event.
Specifically, we test the effect of the shock at the extensive margin by comparing damaged with non-damaged individuals in terms of giving and expected giving in a dictator game. Moreover, at the intensive margin, we compare the participants based on the amount of damage experienced and recovery aid received. The advantage of this last comparison is that differences in observables between the groups are minimized. We reduce further identification problems by selecting a random sample of damaged and non-damaged borrowers belonging to the same microfinance organization who are, therefore, likely to share some important common traits that are usually unobservable to researchers. We complete our identification strategy with weighted least squares, instrumental variable estimates and a sensitivity analysis on the exogeneity assumption.
The main findings of the paper support the hypothesis that the shock affects participants’ preferences in the long run. First, the tsunami negatively affects generosity at the extensive margin as those who suffered at least one damage give and expect less than those who did not. Second, while large recovery assistance does not directly affect giving and expected giving, it increases especially the latter indirectly, i.e., when interacted with the number of damages.
Our results reconcile that part of the literature showing evidence of natural shocks having a detrimental effect on social preferences (Fleming, Chong, Alberto, & Bejarano, 2011; Cassar, Grosjean, & Whitt, 2013) with that supporting, instead, a positive link (Solnit, 2009; Whitt & Wilson, 2007; Cassar, Healy, & Von Kessler, 2011). Furthermore, since our study focuses on the long-run impact of a natural disaster, previous results on short-run effects are not necessarily inconsistent with ours.
Specifically, we test the effect of the shock at the extensive margin by comparing damaged with non-damaged individuals in terms of giving and expected giving in a dictator game. Moreover, at the intensive margin, we compare the participants based on the amount of damage experienced and recovery aid received. The advantage of this last comparison is that differences in observables between the groups are minimized. We reduce further identification problems by selecting a random sample of damaged and non-damaged borrowers belonging to the same microfinance organization who are, therefore, likely to share some important common traits that are usually unobservable to researchers. We complete our identification strategy with weighted least squares, instrumental variable estimates and a sensitivity analysis on the exogeneity assumption.
The main findings of the paper support the hypothesis that the shock affects participants’ preferences in the long run. First, the tsunami negatively affects generosity at the extensive margin as those who suffered at least one damage give and expect less than those who did not. Second, while large recovery assistance does not directly affect giving and expected giving, it increases especially the latter indirectly, i.e., when interacted with the number of damages.
Our results reconcile that part of the literature showing evidence of natural shocks having a detrimental effect on social preferences (Fleming, Chong, Alberto, & Bejarano, 2011; Cassar, Grosjean, & Whitt, 2013) with that supporting, instead, a positive link (Solnit, 2009; Whitt & Wilson, 2007; Cassar, Healy, & Von Kessler, 2011). Furthermore, since our study focuses on the long-run impact of a natural disaster, previous results on short-run effects are not necessarily inconsistent with ours.
11 Humphreys, E.; van der Kerk, A.; Fonseca, C. 2018. Public finance for water infrastructure development and its practical challenges for small towns. Water Policy, 20(S1):100-111. (Special issue: Water Services in Small Towns - Experiences from the Global South) [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.007]
Water resources development ; Public finance ; Water supply ; Infrastructure ; Urban areas ; Towns ; Sustainable Development Goals ; State intervention ; Accountability ; Income ; Tariffs ; Taxes ; Loans ; Capital market ; Population density ; Equity
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048720)
(0.15 MB)
The small and fluctuating population, the economic characteristics and administrative capacity of small towns not only pose infrastructural challenges for providing services, but also limit the possibilities for generating local revenues for financing water infrastructure development and maintenance. This limited ability to generate local resources for water infrastructure is exacerbated by the way in which scarce public funds are allocated. A first concern is linked to an urban bias that characterizes allocation of funds by central governments. A second concerns the prioritization of other sectors by allocation decisions of local governments. These local governments often prioritize other sectors such as education, health and agriculture for the use of scarce local public resources. What this discussion highlights is that existing models used for financing water infrastructure development do not seem very applicable to the realities of small towns. Additional research and models are necessary to allow for solutions that are better tailored to these realities.
12 Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Taron, A.; Odero, J.; Njenga, M. 2018. An assessment of the business environment for waste-to-energy enterprises and how it affects women entrepreneurs in Kenya. In Njenga, M.; Mendum, R. (Eds.). Recovering bioenergy in Sub-Saharan Africa: gender dimensions, lessons and challenges. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). pp.41-47. (Resource Recovery and Reuse: Special Issue)
Business enterprises ; Business management ; Waste management ; Energy management ; Gender ; Entrepreneurs ; Role of women ; Resource recovery ; Investment ; Infrastructure ; Financing ; Loans / Kenya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049001)
(404 KB)
13 Lazurko, Anita; Drechsel, Pay; Hanjra, M. A. 2018. Financing resource recovery and reuse in developing and emerging economies: enabling environment, financing sources and cost recovery. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 39p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 11) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.220]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Water reuse ; Economic development ; Financing ; Cost recovery ; Investment ; Incentives ; Market economies ; Credit policies ; Developing countries ; Development policies ; Regulations ; Stakeholders ; Funding ; Loans ; Grants ; Agreements ; Risk management ; Public-private cooperation ; Partnerships ; Value chain ; Carbon markets ; Payment for ecosystem services ; State intervention ; Cost benefit analysis ; Environmental management ; Waste management ; Water management ; Equity ; Communities ; Energy recovery
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049025)
(979 KB)
Resource recovery and reuse (RRR) of domestic and agro-industrial waste has the potential to contribute to a number of financial, socioeconomic and environmental benefits. However, despite these benefits and an increasing political will, there remain significant barriers to build the required up-front capital which is discouraging private sector engagement. A systematic analysis and understanding of the enabling environment, public and private funding sources, risk-sharing mechanisms and pathways for cost recovery can help to identify opportunities to improve the viability of RRR solutions. This report looks at regulations and policies that remove disincentives for RRR, public and private funding sources for capital and operational costs, risk mitigation options through blending and structuring finance, and options for operational cost recovery.
14 Islam, A. R. Md. T.; Shill, B. K.; Salam, R.; Siddik, Md. N. A.; Patwary, M. A. 2020. Insight into farmers’ agricultural adaptive strategy to climate change in northern Bangladesh. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00681-6]
Climate change adaptation ; Farmers ; Strategies ; Agriculture ; Pesticide application ; Financing ; Loans ; Socioeconomic environment ; Policies ; Households ; Models / Bangladesh / Taraganj / Debiganj
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049588)
(0.63 MB)
Adaptation is an emerging issue to control the threatening consequences of climate change in the agricultural sector particularly. The present study aimed to identify the adopted strategies by the farmers and contributing factors that affected the adaptation strategies in the northern region of Bangladesh. The quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted to analyze the collected data through an authoritative purposive sampling technique and finally interpreted and discussed. The results of adaption strategies showed different variations on pesticides usage. The probit model indicated that age, education, the cultivated area in an acre, housing pattern, perception on climate change and meal per day influence the farmers to triggers an adaptive strategy. The results of the binary logit model are also consistent with the probit model findings. The multi-nominal logit model indicated that age, sex, total cultivated area, and perception of climate change have negatively influenced to adopt strategy 2 (use pesticides), while age, family size and perception of climate change have positively influenced the farmers to adopt strategy 5 (use pesticides + take financial loan). As the farmers in these regions are highly dependent on traditional farming practices, thus, this study suggests that the combinations of the farmers’ indigenous knowledge with well-developed methodical adaptive measures are required to improve the socioeconomic livelihood of the farmers in the northern part of Bangladesh.
15 Balana, B.; Mekonnen, D.; Haile, B.; Hagos, Fitsum; Yimam, S.; Ringler, C. 2020. Are smallholder farmers credit constrained? evidence on demand and supply constraints of credit in Ethiopia and Tanzania. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 28p. (IFPRI Discussion Paper 01974) [doi: https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134152]
Agricultural credit ; Loans ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Supply balance ; Constraints ; Households ; Gender ; Women ; Socioeconomic environment ; Technology transfer ; Adoption ; Microfinance ; Financial institutions ; Risk factors ; Policies ; Small scale systems ; Irrigation ; Econometric models / Ethiopia / United Republic of Tanzania
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050170)
https://ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/134152/filename/134363.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050170.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050170.pdf
(1.02 MB) (1.02 MB)
Credit constraint is considered by many as one of the key barriers to adoption of modern agricultural technologies, such as chemical fertilizer, improved seeds, and irrigation technologies, among smallholders. Past research and much policy discourse associates agricultural credit constraints with supply-side factors, such as limited access to credit sources or high costs of borrowing. However, demand-side factors, such as risk-aversion and financial illiteracy among borrowers, as well as high transaction costs, can also play important roles in credit-rationing for smallholders. Using primary survey data from Ethiopia and Tanzania, this study examines the nature of credit constraints facing smallholders and the factors that affect credit constraints. In addition, we assess whether credit constraints are gender-differentiated. Results show that demand-side credit constraints are at least as important as supply-side factors in both countries. Women are more likely to be credit constrained (from both the supply and demand sides) than men. Based on these findings, we suggest that policies should focus on addressing both supply- and demand-side credit constraints, including through targeted interventions to reduce risk, such as crop insurance and gender-sensitive policies to improve women’s access to credit.
16 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2021. Prices, loans or ambiguity? Factors influencing groundwater irrigation adoption in Ethiopia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 4p. (IWMI Water Policy Brief 42) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.225]
Groundwater irrigation ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Water pricing ; Loans ; Pumps ; Private ownership ; Groundwater extraction ; Boreholes ; Wells ; Water drilling ; Solar energy ; Irrigated land ; Climate change ; Forecasting ; Policies ; Hunger ; Smallholders / Ethiopia / Amhara / Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region (SNNPR) / Dera / Lemo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050809)
(1.37 MB)
Governments in sub-Saharan Africa promote the expansion of irrigation to improve food security, primarily through the adoption and use of groundwater-based smallholder private irrigation. Using the case of Ethiopia, we examine farmers’ willingness to adopt smallholder private irrigation packages in response to subsidies on pump prices, loan availability and reduction in ambiguities related to borehole drilling. The results of the research highlight that subsidizing pump prices may not be the best use of public funds to expand irrigation. Instead, decreasing ambiguities around borehole drilling is likely to play a significant role and is a cost-effective step toward expanding groundwater-based irrigation and increasing the adoption of pumps by small-scale farmers. The policy implication is that the government should help farmers minimize the uncertainties and cost of unsuccessful drilling. This will require the government to study groundwater hydrogeology, use information on groundwater depth, seasonality and recharge to drill boreholes, and absorb the costs of unsuccessful drilling.
17 Balana, B. B.; Mekonnen, D.; Haile, B.; Hagos, Fitsum; Yimam, S.; Ringler, C. 2022. Demand and supply constraints of credit in smallholder farming: evidence from Ethiopia and Tanzania. World Development, 159:106033. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106033]
Small-scale farming ; Agricultural credit ; Constraints ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Small-scale irrigation ; Technology ; Farm inputs ; Fertilizers ; Seeds ; Social capital ; Loans ; Access to information ; Gender ; Women ; Households ; Policies ; Econometric models / Africa South of Sahara / Ethiopia / United Republic of Tanzania
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051370)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X22002236/pdfft?md5=ddde6b5c9938f033ed7af7bb061e70f7&pid=1-s2.0-S0305750X22002236-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051370.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051370.pdf
(0.43 MB) (435 KB)
Credit constraint is often considered as one of the key barriers to the adoption of modern agricultural technologies and low agricultural productivity in low- and middle-income countries. Past research and much of the policy discourse associate agricultural credit constraints with supply-side factors, such as limited access to credit sources or high costs of borrowing. However, demand-side factors, such as risk-aversion and financial illiteracy among borrowers could also affect credit-rationing of smallholder agricultural households. This study investigates the nature of credit constraints, factors affecting credit constraint status, and the effects of credit constraints on adoption and intensity of use of three modern agricultural technologies – small-scale irrigation, chemical fertilizer, and improved seeds. The paper also assesses whether credit constraints are gender-differentiated. Primary survey data were collected from sample farmers in Ethiopia and Tanzania, and Tobit and two-step hurdle econometric models were used to analyze these data. Results show that demand-side credit constraints are as important as supply-side factors in conditioning smallholders’ access to credit in both countries. We also find that credit is a binding constraint for the decision to adopt technologies and input use intensity in Tanzania but not statistically significant in Ethiopia. Results suggest that women are more likely to be credit constrained (from both the supply and demand sides) than men in both study countries. Based on these findings, we suggest that policies should focus on addressing both supply- and demand-side credit constraints to credit access, including through targeted interventions to reduce risk, such as crop insurance, and to strengthen the gender sensitivity of credit policies.
18 Balasubramanya, S.; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Mitra, Archisman; Stifel, D. 2023. Price, credit or ambiguity? Increasing small-scale irrigation in Ethiopia. World Development, 163:106149. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106149]
Small-scale irrigation ; Smallholders ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Groundwater irrigation ; Pumps ; Prices ; Credit ; Boreholes ; Water drilling ; Taxes ; Loans / Africa South of Sahara / Ethiopia / Amhara / Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051554)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X22003394/pdfft?md5=77d5c3eab1cf338b2c855edce5cc7cc1&pid=1-s2.0-S0305750X22003394-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051554.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051554.pdf
(1.75 MB) (1.75 MB)
Governments in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are keen to expand irrigation to improve food security and are placing particular emphasis on adoption and use of smallholder private groundwater irrigation. Yet private irrigation is a multi-stage technology, the adoption of which is affected by fiscal support and extension services offered on different investment stages but also by uncertainties around actions that need to be undertaken in these stages. Groundwater-based irrigation in Ethiopia presents a case where policy has focused on fiscally easing the purchase of pumps while considerable ambiguity (unquantifiable uncertainty) exists around the outcomes of drilling boreholes (reaching water). In this paper, we examine farmers’ willingness to adopt smallholder private irrigation packages in response to lower pump prices following tax breaks, loan availability, and reduction in ambiguities related to borehole drilling, using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) in two districts of Ethiopia. The results indicate that the provision of loans and reduction in ambiguities related to well drilling have the greatest effect on the probability of farmers adopting irrigation packages. Lowering pump prices has the smallest effect. Pump-type has a small effect, with energized pumps preferred over manual ones. In exploring heterogeneity in preferences, we find that farmers without irrigated plots and those with greater market access have a greater preference for the provision of loans, while those with greater market access also have greater preferences for reductions in well drilling ambiguities. The results of this choice experiment suggest that reducing ambiguities around well drilling (initial investments) is an essential and cost-effective step toward expanding groundwater-based irrigation in Ethiopia.
19 Marshall, K.; Setty, K.; Mutegeki, A.; Peletz, R.; Khush, R.; Delaire, C. 2023. Water funds within village savings and loans associations: a promising solution to improve water user fee collection in rural Uganda. PLOS Water, 2(8):e0000159. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000159]
Water users ; Water resources ; Funding ; Loans ; Villages ; Rural communities ; Water supply ; Social capital ; Sustainability ; Models ; Policies ; Water supply ; Local government ; Community development / Uganda / Kabarole
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052289)
https://journals.plos.org/water/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pwat.0000159&type=printable
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052289.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052289.pdf
(1.22 MB) (1.22 MB)
Without a functional revenue collection mechanism, rural communities in low-income countries cannot maintain or repair broken water supply infrastructure, such as groundwater wells equipped with handpumps. One approach to promote regular water user payments shifts responsibilities for fee collection from volunteer committees to village savings and loans associations (VSLAs; self-governed investment groups that follow strong accountability practices). We piloted this approach among 10 communities in Kabarole district, Uganda, and evaluated financial outcomes over two years. Qualitative interviews with 249 respondents helped identify drivers of performance and challenges. VSLAs contributed 47–221 USD annually (first-year median: 134 USD, second-year median: 112 USD) for water point upkeep (achieving 45–117% of target amounts). This revenue represented a considerable improvement over the prior scenario where communities had no reserve funds for water point maintenance. Financial transparency and increased social capital appeared to enhance collective efficacy and increase user fee collection. We identified two main threats to VSLA sustainability: perceived unfairness stemming from some water point users not joining the VSLA and the risk of water funds being loaned out if they remained unspent for too long. Coupling the VSLA model with professional handpump maintenance services could help ensure improved long-term water point functionality.
20 Kabuli, A.; Enokenwa Baa, Ojongetakah; Davis, K. 2024. A landscape analysis of youth engagement in agripreneurship in Malawi. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Diversification in East and Southern Africa. 26p.
Youth ; Participation ; Agriculture ; Entrepreneurship ; Agribusiness ; Sustainability ; Finance ; Loans ; Market access ; Intervention ; Strategies ; Policies ; Agricultural value chains ; Land access ; Private sector ; Non-governmental organizations / Malawi / Chikwawa / Balaka / Nkhotakota / Nkhatabay
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052710)
(630 KB)
This report aims to explore the multidimensional challenges and opportunities for youth in agripreneurship in Malawi for a better understanding of interventions for youth in agribusiness. It examines the enabling and disenabling environment for young agripreneurs and how best to engage youth within the agribusiness sector. The report draws on in-depth interviews, workshops, and secondary literature to highlight key issues and strategies to engage youth agripreneurs in Malawi. It also offers recommendations for actors, practitioners, and policymakers to enhance transformative interventions for youth participation in agribusiness. Suggested measures include improving access to input, market, and equipment, setting up quota systems targeting youth agripreneurs, and better coordinating youth programs between ministries and the private sectors. The report also emphasized that these strategies are not just to achieve youth inclusion in agribusiness but also for the sustainability of youth programs which contribute to building resilient societies.
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