Your search found 23 records
1 Blaikie, P. M.; Sadeque, S. Z. 2000. Policy in high places: Environment and development in the Himalayan Region. Kathmandu, Nepal: ICIMOD. 209p.
Policy making ; Environmental effects ; Environmental policy ; Aid ; Bureaucracy ; Sustainability ; Forest policy ; Soil conservation ; Water conservation ; Agricultural policy ; Flood water ; Erosion ; Wildlife ; Case studies ; Land tenure ; Land ownership ; Common property ; Gender ; Land policies / Bangladesh / Bhutan / China / India / Nepal / Pakistan / Hindu Kush-Himalayas
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 363.7 G570 BLA Record No: H027620)
2 Ali, I. 1988. The Punjab under imperialism, 1885-1947. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press. ix, 264p.
History ; Settlement ; Land policies ; Land ownership ; Economic aspects ; Irrigated farming ; Water lifting ; Tube well irrigation / India / Punjab
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 954 G635 ALI Record No: H038574)
3 Ferguson, A.; Mulwafu, W. 2007. If government failed, how are we to succeed?: the importance of history and context in present-day irrigation reform in Malawi. In van Koppen, Barbara; Giordano, Mark; Butterworth, J. (Eds.). Community-based water law and water resource management reform in developing countries. Wallingford, UK: CABI. pp.211-227. (Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Series 5)
Irrigation management ; Privatization ; Farmers associations ; Water user associations ; Water policy ; Land policies / Malawi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 346.04691 G000 VAN Record No: H040696)
4 Olubode-Awosola, O. O.; van Schalkwyk, H. D. 2007. The challenges and uses of quantitative economic modeling of agricultural policy decision process in Africa: a case study of South African land redistribution. Invited lecture presented at the 8th Annual Researching Africa Day Workshop organised by the African Studies Centre, University of Oxford, St. Antony’s College, Oxford, 24 February 2007. 42p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 338.1 G178 OLU Record No: H040764)
The ineffectiveness of policy advice in most African countries could be attributed to problem of scientists not being able to present a holistic solution to policy problems. As a result, the consequences of policies are seldom indicated. It may be demanding to use a more comprehensive and quantitative research strategy in policy analysis because of limited ability to integrate the technical-biophysical with the economic, marketing and political aspects when analysing policy effects. There can be no doubt that such methods have important roles in illuminating policy effects thereby preventing policy mistakes. To exemplify this phenomenon, a forward-looking and prescriptive economic analysis that is being widely used in the developed world for agricultural policy analysis which supports the identification, prediction, prescription and comparison of alternative policy impacts was adopted to examine the potential effects of the South African land redistribution strategies on its agriculture with respect to equity and efficiency using an agricultural sector mathematical programming model. The results indicate that the current policy requires more economic imperatives, as it tends towards smallholder agriculture that cannot produce adequate yields to meet either domestic demand or a tradable volume. Given the challenges of a free market and the fact that the settled small-scale resource-poor (mainly black) farmers are less efficient compared to the large-scale (mainly white) farmers from whom government transfers land, the analysis allows to prescribe land redistribution strategies with policy recommendations that has more economic imperatives.
5 Olubode-Awosola, O. O.; van Schalkwyk, H. D. 2007. The implication of research methods on agricultural policy development: A case study of South African land redistribution. In the Proceedings of Wining Papers and Abstracts – Forum for African Agricultural Research (FARA), General Assembly, FARA-SADC Regional Dialogue. Promoting the productivity and competitiveness of African agriculture in a global economy. Johannesburg, South Africa, 11 June, 2007. 13p.
Research methods ; Agricultural policy ; Land policies ; Agricultural development ; Models / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 338.1 G178 OLU Record No: H040767)
The ineffectiveness of policy advice in most African countries could be attributed to problem of scientists not being able to present a holistic solution to policy problems. As a result, the consequences of policies are seldom indicated. It may be demanding to use a more comprehensive and quantitative research strategy in policy analysis because of limited ability to integrate the technical-biophysical with the economic, marketing and political aspects when analysing policy effects. To exemplify this phenomenon, a forward-looking and prescriptive economic analysis that is being widely used in the developed world for agricultural policy analysis at each country’s level; integrated development at regional level; and competitive participation in the globalisation, was adopted. The study examines the potential effects of the South African land redistribution strategies on its agriculture using a mathematical programming model for an agricultural sector. This study makes a contribution to land redistribution policy, which is presently not only one of the most definitive political and development issues, but also perhaps the most intractable in South Africa. The results indicate that the current policy requires more economic imperatives, as it tends towards smallholder agriculture that cannot produce adequate yields to meet either domestic demand or a tradable volume. The current land redistribution, though justifiable, may have adverse supply impacts if pursued too rapidly and inflexibly because it places the South African farm industry on an inefficient growth trajectory. This is because multiplying the number of small farm units has a negative implication for the Southern African Development Community (SADC)’s agricultural productivity and competitiveness in the global market as South Africa is the largest economy not only in the SADC region but also Africa. Given the challenges of a free market and the fact that the settled small-scale resource- poor (mainly black) farmers are less efficient compared to the large-scale (mainly white) farmers from whom government transfers land, the study prescribes land redistribution strategies that consider efficiency along with equity. The study further suggests that agricultural land can act as a safety net for the poor, where the efficiency argument does not hold.
6 Mapedza, Everisto; Chisaka, J.; van Koppen, Barbara. 2007. Competing livelihood strategies in the Lukanga Wetlands: Reflections from Kapukupuku and Waya areas of Zambia. In Proceedings, 8th WaterNet / Warfsa / GWP-SA Symposium, Lusaka, Zambia, 31 October – 2 November 2007. 10p.
Wetlands ; Living conditions ; Poverty ; Fishermen ; Fisheries ; Farming ; Livestock ; Land policies / Zambia / Lukanga Wetlands / Kapukupuku / Waya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G184 MAP Record No: H040781)
(77.96 KB)
7 Olubode-Awosola O. O.; van Schalkwyk, H. D.; Jooste, A. 2008. Mathematical modeling of the South African land redistribution for development. Journal of Policy Modeling, 30:841-855.
Land distribution ; Farmland ; Equity ; Land policies ; Land transfers ; Legislation ; Poverty ; Farmers ; Mathematical models / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041843)
(0.15 MB)
8 World Bank; FAO; IFAD. 2009. Gender in agriculture source book. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank. 764p.
Gender ; Women ; Food security ; Governance ; Local government ; Community development ; Rural finance ; Policy making ; Decentralization ; Land management ; Land policies ; Female labor ; Developing countries ; Marketing ; Irrigation management ; Groundwater development ; Groundwater management ; Agricultural extension ; Training ; Farmers organizations ; Property rights ; Collective action ; Marketing ; Sanitation ; Energy ; Natural resources management ; Biodiversity ; Climate change ; Biofuels ; Risk management ; Soil management ; Seed production ; Crop production ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Livestock ; Forestry ; Agroforestry ; Monitoring ; Evaluation ; Indicators / Ivory Coast / Asia / Sri Lanka / India / Bangladesh / Uganda / Nepal / Honduras / Caribbean / Latin America / Asia / Central Asia / West Asia / Ghana / Gambia / Peru / Tanzania / Thailand / Malaysia / Indonesia / Bangladesh / Mexico
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 630.92 G000 WOR Record No: H042178)
(5.82 MB)
9 Clement, Floriane; Amezaga, J. M. 2009. The importance of context for pro-poor institutional change: the case of land-tenure reforms in Vietnam’s uplands. Paper presented at the Conference on Institutions, Behavior and the Escape from Persistent Poverty, Cornell University, NY, USA, 16-17 November 2009. 47p.
Institutions ; Land tenure ; Land management ; Land policies ; Legal aspects ; History ; Poverty ; Forest land ; Households / South East Asia / Vietnam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042528)
http://www.socialsciences.cornell.edu/0811/papers/ClementAmezaga.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042528.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042528.pdf
(0.54 MB)
Rural development debates have largely focused on identifying which natural resource institutions can best contribute to poverty alleviation. We argue that it is equally important to understand under which context a given set of institutions can contribute to reduce poverty. The argument is applied to the case of post-collectivization land reforms in Vietnam. We discuss the role of context in policy shortcomings by analyzing simultaneously the fit between institutions and local contextual factors and the influence of the broader discursive and political-economic context under which policy changes operate.
10 Clement, Floriane. 2009. Analysing the outcomes of forest policies in northern Vietnam: the role of policy design. Draft paper. Paper presented at the 2009 Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 22-27 March 2009. 14p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042677)
(0.20 MB)
Recent large-scale afforestation programmes in Vietnam have had a mixed success. Official statistics report a forest cover increase, but the programmes' contribution to poverty reduction has been limited and their actual benefits to the environment are questionable.I discuss in this paper to which extent policy design has contributed to these shortcomings. I focused on two state initiatives - a large national afforestation campaign, called the Five Million Hectare Reforestation Programme, and the recent allocation of upland to communities. I combined institutional and discourse analysis to assess how incentives, rules and discourses in the policy-making arena have affected outcomes on the ground. I also examined the role of evidence and the factors that have supported policy change.Findings highlight that policy flaws largely result from the characteristics of the policy-making arena at the central level. Discourses have played a significant role in the way they have shaped problem definition and beliefs. Black boxes have provided a means to neatly accommodate the diverse interests of policy-makers under consensus-based governance. I argue that revising policies might not result in improved outcomes as long as simplistic and biased narratives prevail. I conclude with a set of recommendations to bridge the gap between research and policy.
11 Marjanizadeh, Sara; Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; Turral, Hugh; Talebzadeh, P. 2009. From Mesopotamia to the third millennium: the historical trajectory of water development and use in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 43p. (IWMI Working Paper 135) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2010.206]
River basin development ; History ; Water use ; Water policy ; Water rights ; Water scarcity ; Land use ; Land policies ; Water depletion ; Groundwater ; Stream flow ; Wetlands / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9162 G690 MAR Record No: H042878)
(664.26 KB)
The Karkheh River Basin is the third largest basin in Iran after Karoon and Dez, and occupies a strategic position on the western boundary of the country. The basin has seen remarkable ancient feats of engineering, and has a long history of wheat and barley production, complemented by horticulture. With the growth of the modern nation-state of Iran, water development has progressed steadily in tandem with rising populations and urbanization. The report aims to understand the historical setting and present situation of water development and allocation, in relation to rural development and agrarian policy. It provides the contextual backdrop for further research on the management of water to improve livelihoods in the basin through integrated and sustainable management of land and water resources. It provides further information on the changes in surface flows out of the component subbasins and looks at the development, use and consequences of groundwater abstraction.
12 Williams, Timothy Olalekan; Gyampoh, Benjamin; Kizito, Fred; Namara, Regassa. 2012. Water implications of large-scale land acquisitions in Ghana. Water Alternatives, 5(2):243-265.
Land ownership ; Land acquisitions ; Land policies ; Property rights ; Biofuels ; Water governance ; Water rights ; Foreign investment ; Sociology ; Ecology ; Institutions ; Corporate culture / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044917)
http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol5/v5issue2/168-a5-2-4/file
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044917.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044917.pdf
(0.64 MB) (672.56KB)
This paper examines the water dimensions of recent large-scale land acquisitions for biofuel production in the Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo and Northern regions of Ghana. Using secondary sources of data complemented by individual and group interviews, the paper reveals an almost universal lack of consideration of the implications of large-scale land deals for crop water requirements, the ecological functions of freshwater ecosystems and water rights of local smallholder farmers and other users. It documents the factors responsible for this apparent oversight including the multiplicity of land and water governance systems, sharp sectoral boundaries between land and water policies, property rights and institutions, outdated statutes, poorly resourced and ineffective regulatory agencies, and unequal power relations in land acquisition deals. The paper shows that due to a lack of an approach that jointly considers land and water management policies and institutions in acceding to large-scale land deals, the benefits derived by local people were insufficient to cover the involuntary permanent loss of their water rights and livelihoods and the risks posed to ecosystem services. Options for establishing alternative institutional arrangements that will allow water availability, use and management as well as social and environmental standards to be factored, ex ante, into large-scale land deals are explored. The paper offers recommendations which can help the government to achieve its stated objective of developing a "policy framework and guidelines for large-scale land acquisitions by both local and foreign investors for biofuels that will protect the interests of investors and the welfare of Ghanaian farmers and landowners".
13 Hilhorts, T.; Nelen, J. 2012. Domestic land acquisitions in West Africa: the rush for farmland by urban 'businessmen' In Allan, T.; Keulertz, M.; Sojamo, S.; Warner, J. (Eds.). Handbook of land and water grabs in Africa: foreign direct investment and food and water security. London, UK: Routledge. pp.146-159.
Land acquisitions ; Land tenure ; Land policies ; Farmland ; Rainfed farming ; Investment ; Irrigation schemes ; Valleys / West Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 ALL Record No: H045676)
14 Zhang, F.; Hanjra, Munir A.; Hua, F.; Shu, Yunqiao; Li, Y. 2014. Analysis of climate variability in the Manas River Valley, North-Western China (1956–2006). Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 19(7):1091-1107. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-013-9462-2]
Climate change ; Rivers ; Valleys ; Temperature ; Precipitation ; Regression analysis ; Land use ; Land policies ; Farmland ; Crop production ; Water policy ; Irrigation / North-Western China / Manas River Valley
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046022)
(0.41 MB)
This paper examines the short-run climate variability (change in the levels of temperature and precipitation) with a focus on the Manas River Valley, North-Western China, over the past 50 years (1956 to 2006) using data collected from four meteorological stations. The results show that the annual mean temperature had a positive trend, with temperature increasing at 0.4 °C per decade. Application of the Mann-Kendall test revealed that the overall positive trend became statistically significant at the p = 0.95 level only after 1988. The increase in temperature was most marked in winter and spring (0.8 and 0.7 °C per decade, respectively), absent in summer and very small in autumn (0.1 °C per decade). Concerning precipitation, our results indicate a negative but not significant trend for the period between 1956 and 1982, while annual total precipitation tended to increase thereafter and the increase was mainly during the crop growing-season. Concerning variability in temperature and precipitation, the characteristic time scales were identified by application of wavelet analysis. For temperature the quasi-decadal variations were found on time scales between approximately 5 and 15 years, with a peak in wavelet variance on a time scale of 9 years. For precipitation, the most striking features were a precipitation increase (6.7 mm per decade) during the crop growing season. Irregularities and abrupt changes in both temperature and precipitation were more common at scales less than 10 years, indicating the complexity and uncertainty in the short-period climate variability. Possible causes of climate variability in the Manas River Valley may include anthropogenic factors such as intensive human activity and the expansion of both farmland and irrigation. Global climate variability might also have some impacts on the local climate variability; analyses of local and regional climate trends can better inform local adaptation actions for global impacts.
15 Kafakoma, R. 2015. Safeguarding women land and water rights through establishment of land monitoring and recording systems: emerging lessons from Malawi. In Global Water Partnership (GWP); International Land Coalition (ILC); International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Proceedings of the Joint GWP-ILC-IWMI Workshop on Responding to the Global Food Security Challenge Through Coordinated Land and Water Governance, Pretoria, South Africa, 15-16 June 2015. Stockholm, Sweden: Global Water Partnership (GWP); Rome, Italy: International Land Coalition (ILC); Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 9p.
Gender ; Women ; Empowerment ; Land rights ; Water rights ; Water governance ; Land access ; Land tenure ; Land administration ; Landlessness ; Land policies ; Foreign investment ; Farmland / Malawi / Ntcheu District / Ganya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047322)
http://www.gwp.org/Global/About%20GWP/Publications/Proceedings%20papers%20Pretoria%20June%202015/9_Robert_Kafakoma_final.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047322.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047322.pdf
(0.48 MB) (500 KB)
Land and water is central to the social and economic development of Malawi where 85 percent of its population rely on subsistence agriculture. The high population estimated at 16.0 million people coupled with high poverty levels against a total land area of about 9.4 hectares land and water are increasingly becoming scarce resulting into increased levels of conflicts more especially at community levels. Over the past 20 years the country has witnessed increased levels of land conflicts amongst the communities and between communities and large scale land investors. The increased levels of conflicts between the communities themselves and with the large scale investors are all linked to access to land and water which is becoming scarce. This defines the nature and extent of the challenges that face the country as it struggles to address the overarching problems of poverty eradication and deprivation. Malawi adopted a comprehensive land policy in 2002 however the adoption has not been matched with equally progressive supportive land legislations. The delays in approving the new land laws to support the implementation of the policy has become a recipe for increased landlessness, intergenerational land fragmentation, insecure land and water tenure regime, land concentration, inequalities in land and water access, land grabbing, lack of transparency and corruption in land administration and malpractices. With support from the International Land Coalition (ILC), Training Support for Partners (TSP) a local organization in Malawi is implementing a project which is aiming at safeguarding the women land rights through the establishment of land monitoring and recording systems in one of the districts in the Central Region of Malawi. This paper shares the emerging experiences and lessons from the project. Experiences from this project reveal a very close linkage between land and water security as they relate to food security at community level.
16 Kumar, M. D.; Dhungel, D. N.; Mirza, M. M. Q.; Suhardiman, Diana. 2016. Institutions and policies governing water resources management in the Ganges River Basin. In Bharati, Luna; Sharma, Bharat R.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Ganges River Basin: status and challenges in water, environment and livelihoods. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.241-254. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
Water resources ; Water governance ; Water management ; Water policy ; Water supply ; International waters ; Institutional development ; Water authorities ; Agencies ; Land policies ; Property rights ; Energy resources ; Price policies ; Centralization ; Decision making / Nepal / India / Bangladesh / Ganges River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047817)
17 Naber, M. A.; Molle, Francois. 2016. The politics of accessing desertland in Jordan. Land Use Policy, 59:492-503. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.09.026]
Land tenure ; Land management ; Land rights ; Land policies ; Legal pluralism ; Deserts ; Conflict ; Administration / Jordan / Azraq
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048255)
18 Suhardiman, Diana; Keovilignavong, Oulavanh; Kenney-Lazar, M. 2019. The territorial politics of land use planning in Laos. Land Use Policy, 83:346-356. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.02.017]
Land use planning ; Territories ; Political aspects ; Bureaucracy ; Local organizations ; Corporate culture ; Land governance ; Land policies ; Land allocation / Lao People's Democratic Republic
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049143)
This paper examines land use planning processes in Laos, particularly how they are shaped and reshaped by key actors’ interests and strategies across scales and how they are closely interlinked with state logics of territorialization. It critiques dominant perspectives that view land use planning as a tool for bridging policy and institutional divides to generate holistic land governance. Instead, it presents land use planning as a function of power and a contested arena of power struggle, driven primarily by the development targets of sectoral ministries and the interests of powerful local actors. We show how bureaucratic competition and sectoral fragmentation prevail directly within Laos’s National Land Master Plan formulation process. The paper shows how the logics of land governance in Laos are comprised of a disjuncture between national and local land use planning processes and, a disconnect between formal land use planning and actual land use across scales.
19 Suhardiman, Diana; Kenney-Lazar, M.; Meinzen-Dick, R. 2019. The contested terrain of land governance reform in Myanmar. Critical Asian Studies, 51(3):368-385. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2019.1630845]
Land governance ; Land policies ; Land reform ; Land use ; Land grabbing ; State intervention ; Civil society organizations ; Donors ; Political aspects ; Legal aspects ; Land law ; Farmers ; Land rights ; Social aspects / Myanmar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049252)
(1.38 MB)
State control of land plays a critical role in producing land dispossession throughout the Global South. In Myanmar, the state’s approach towards territorial expansion has driven the country’s system of land governance, resulting in widespread and systemic land grabbing. This article investigates ongoing land governance reforms as key terrains for contesting such abuses of power. Employing a relational land governance approach, we view reform processes as shaped by changing power-laden social relations among government, civil society, and international donor actors. Legal and regulatory reforms in Myanmar potentially act as sites of meaningful social change but in practice tend to maintain significant limitations in altering governance dynamics. Civil society organizations and their alliances in Myanmar have played an important role in opening up policy processes to a broader group of political actors. Yet, policies and legal frameworks still are often captured by elite actors, becoming trapped in path dependent power relations.
20 Keovilignavong, Oulavanh; Suhardiman, Diana. 2020. Linking land tenure security with food security: unpacking farm households’ perceptions and strategies in the rural uplands of Laos. Land Use Policy, 90:104260. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104260]
Land tenure ; Perception of tenure security ; Food security ; Land use planning ; Land policies ; Household income ; Living standards ; Strategies ; Farmers' attitudes ; Non-farm employment ; Government policy ; Land governance ; Highlands ; Villages ; Rural areas ; Case studies / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Nambak / Houaykong / Namai
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049372)
(1.58 MB)
Land tenure, or access and rights to land, is essential to sustain people’s livelihoods. This paper looks at how farm households perceive land tenure (in)security in relation to food (in)security, and how these perceptions evolve throughout different policy periods in Laos. The paper highlights the centrality of farmers’ strategies in configuring the dynamic relationships between tenure (in)security and food (in)security, by demonstrating how farmers’ perceived and de facto land tenure insecurity shapes their decisions to diversify livelihood options to ensure food security. While the paper’s key findings reveal the close interlinkages between land tenure (in) security and food (in)security, we argue that the first does not automatically result in the latter. In contrast, we show how perceived and de-facto land tenure insecurity pushes farmers to explore alternative strategies and avenues to ensure food supply, through farm and non-farm employment. From a policy perspective, the paper highlights the need to put people’s livelihoods at the center of land governance, thus moving beyond the current positioning of land as merely a means for agricultural production or environmental conservation.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
