Your search found 14 records
1 Jhunjhunwala, B. 2005. Traditional agricultural and water technologies of the Thar. Delhi, India: Kalpaz Publications. 246p.
Traditional farming ; Crop production ; Cultivation methods ; Tillage ; Cropping systems ; Weed control ; Pest control ; Farming systems ; Cereals ; Harvesting ; Grazing ; Livestock ; Fodder ; Drinking water ; Tanks / India / Western Rajasthan / Thar Desert
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 630 G635 JHU Record No: H036819)
2 Mmopelwa, G. 2006. Economic and financial analysis of harvesting and utilization of river reed in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Journal of Environmental Management, 79:329-335.
River basins ; Wetlands ; Aquatic plants ; Harvesting ; Economic analysis ; Villages / Botswana / Okavango Delta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 7905 Record No: H040134)
3 Dung, L. C.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Le Page, C.; Gajaseni, N. 2008. Agent-based modeling and simulation of integrated rice-shrimp farming in Bac Lieu Province, Mekong Delta, Vietnam. In Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R. S.; van Brakel, M.; Gichuki, F.; Svendsen, M.; Wester, P.; Huber-Lee, A.; Cook, S. Douthwaite, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnson, N.; Nguyen-Khoa, Sophie; Vidal, A.; MacIntyre, I.; MacIntyre, R. (Eds.). Fighting poverty through sustainable water use: proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10-14 November 2008. Vol.2. Increasing rainwater productivity; Multi-purpose water systems. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.262-266.
Farming systems ; Rice ; Salinity ; Aquaculture ; Crustacean culture ; Crabs ; Fish ; Harvesting ; Collective action ; Stakeholders ; Farmers ; Households ; Simulation models ; Participatory management / Vietnam / Bac Lieu Province / Mekong Delta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 HUM Record No: H041824)
http://ifwf2.org/addons/download_presentation.php?fid=1024
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041824.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041824.pdf
4 Brummett, R. E. 2006. Enhancing the productivity of small waterbodies. Cairo, Egypt: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF). 64p.
Water management ; Fisheries ; Productivity ; Nutrients ; Harvesting ; Water quality ; Weed control ; Disease control
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 639.22 G000 BRU Record No: H043914)
(0.07 MB)
5 Gunjal, S. 2009. Resource book on city farming in South India. Hyderabad, India: Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF); Hyderabad, India: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 125p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2011.212]
Urban agriculture ; Food security ; Water management ; Wastewater irrigation ; Employment ; Nutrition ; Financing ; Recycling ; Plant protection ; Plant pests ; Pesticides ; Domestic gardens ; Design ; Organic fertilizers ; Composting ; Vegetable growing ; Fruit growing ; Harvesting ; Food preservation / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338 G635 GUN Record No: H044547)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Books/PDF/Cities_Farming_Book-final.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044547.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044547.pdf
(0.90 MB) (925.93KB)
6 FAO. Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (RAP). 2014. A regional rice strategy for sustainable food security in Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok, Thailand: FAO. Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (RAP). 52p. (RAP Publication 2014/05)
Food security ; Food consumption ; Food quality ; Sustainability ; Agricultural sector ; Rice ; Water productivity ; Intensification ; Nutrition ; Climate change ; Environmental effects ; Irrigation water ; Trade policies ; Markets ; Harvesting ; International cooperation ; Gender ; Empowerment ; Farmers ; Smallholders ; Investment ; Rural communities / Asia-Pacific
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.192 G570 FAO Record No: H047152)
(1.49 MB) (1.49 MB)
7 Mondal, M. K.; Paul, P. L. C.; Humphreys, E.; Tuong, T. P.; Ritu, S. P.; Rashid, M. A. 2015. Opportunities for cropping system intensification in the coastal zone of Bangladesh. In Humphreys, E.; Tuong, T. P.; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Pukinskis, I.; Phillips, M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the CPWF, GBDC, WLE Conference on Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone: Turning Science into Policy and Practices, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 21-23 October 2014. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF). pp.449-476.
Cropping systems ; Crop management ; Seasonal cropping ; Intensification ; Coastal area ; High yielding varieties ; Crop yield ; Rice ; Sowing date ; Fertilizer application ; Harvesting ; Farmers ; Water levels ; Drainage ; Rain ; Salinity ; Temperature / Bangladesh / Khulna / Barguna / Barisal / Amtali / Batiaghata / Bazarkhali / Hatbati / Kismat Fultola
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047210)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/66389/Revitalizing%20the%20Ganges%20Coastal%20Zone%20Book_Low%20Version.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047210.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047210.pdf
(0.73 MB) (11.9 MB)
8 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2016. IWMI Annual report 2015. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 28p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2016.208]
Sustainable development ; Flood control ; Farmers ; Harvesting ; Gender ; Women's participation ; Wetlands ; Dams ; Malaria ; Water resources ; Water management ; Climate change ; Agriculture ; Financing ; Investment ; Wastewater ; Rural development ; Poverty ; Living standards ; Hydropower ; Health hazards / South Asia / India / Myanmar / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047672)
(1.37 MB)
9 Biazin, B.; Haileslassie, Amare; Zewdie, T.; Mekasha, Y.; Gebremedhin, B.; Fekadu, A.; Shewage, T. 2018. Smallholders’ avocado production systems and tree productivity in the southern highlands of Ethiopia. Agroforestry Systems, 92(1):127-137. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-016-0020-2]
Agricultural production ; Fruit trees ; Avocados ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Highlands ; Agroforestry ; Harvesting ; Canopy ; Coffee industry ; Land ownership ; Households / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047783)
Ethiopia is one of the top five avocado producers in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite increasing recognition for its nutritional value and economic importance, information on smallholder avocado production systems across agro-climatic zones and determinants for tree productivity are literally lacking. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to examine the determinants for avocado tree holdings by smallholder farmers and investigate the effect of avocado production systems and management conditions on fruit yield by individual avocado trees in Southern Ethiopia. Data required for the study was collected through a combination of focus group discussions, household survey and field tree inventories. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, analyses of variance and linear regression methods using statistical software for social sciences (SPSS version 20). In the study region, avocado is mainly grown as an integral component of the coffee- and enset-based agroforestry systems. The number of avocado trees owned by smallholder producers was related to district, sex of household head, age of household head, educational status, land holding size, pest and disease damage and access to extension services. Productivity of avocado was significantly (p < 0.05) different between production systems. The highest avocado fruit yield was observed from trees grown in the coffee and enset-based agroforestry systems. However, the smallholder producers complain that the yields of coffee and enset grown under avocado trees could be very low. The total height of avocado trees was significantly (p < 0.05) different across the different production systems. The mean heights of matured (21–25 years old) avocado trees were 17.57 ± 0.86 m (±SE; N = 20) under coffee-based agroforestry system and 14.93 ± 1.24 m when grown as individual trees around homes. Proper extension support is needed to disseminate improved production techniques: encompassing proper tree spacing, tree training, pruning, soil amendments, growing optimum number of trees for successful pollination and improved harvesting.
10 Okwany, Romulus O.; Prathapar, Sanmugam; Bastakoti, Ram C.; Mondal, M. K. 2016. Shallow subsurface drainage for managing seasonal flooding in Ganges floodplain, Bangladesh. Irrigation and Drainage, 65(5):712-723. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.1990]
Subsurface drainage ; Flood control ; Water management ; Groundwater table ; Water levels ; Surface water ; Ponds ; Canals ; Monsoon climate ; Seasonal cropping ; Rice ; Winter crops ; Sunflowers ; Harvesting ; Soil moisture ; Precipitation ; Evaporation ; Monitoring ; Farmers ; Community involvement ; Floodplains / Bangladesh / Ganges Floodplain / Khulna / Batiaghata
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047979)
(2.02 MB) (2.02 MB)
The impact of shallow subsurface drainage was investigated as a pilot study on a 0.13 ha plot of a farmer’s field located in Batiaghata, Khulna District, Bangladesh, in the floodplain of the Bay of Bengal. The drainage design differed from traditional subsurface tile drains in two respects: (i) the depth of drains was shallow (30 cm); and (ii) the design did not include a sump and accessories such as pumps (drainage outlets were tidal).
A monsoonal paddy rice crop followed by a winter sunflower crop was evaluated. The experimental treatment was a shallow subsurface drainage system with a drain depth of 0.3 m and drain spacing of 8 m. Measurements of surface flooding depth and groundwater table depth were made weekly and subsurface drainage discharge during managed drainage of the field was measured to determine system responsiveness. The managed subsurface drainage enabled the establishment of the winter sunflower crop 1.5 months earlier than the usual local practice, increased the yield and facilitated safe harvest, avoiding pre-monsoonal rainfall damage. Farmers expressed increased interest in managed subsurface drainage for its potential for early establishment of rabi crops and increased yields in the study area. This study outlines the potential benefits resulting from subsurface drainage in Khulna District.
A monsoonal paddy rice crop followed by a winter sunflower crop was evaluated. The experimental treatment was a shallow subsurface drainage system with a drain depth of 0.3 m and drain spacing of 8 m. Measurements of surface flooding depth and groundwater table depth were made weekly and subsurface drainage discharge during managed drainage of the field was measured to determine system responsiveness. The managed subsurface drainage enabled the establishment of the winter sunflower crop 1.5 months earlier than the usual local practice, increased the yield and facilitated safe harvest, avoiding pre-monsoonal rainfall damage. Farmers expressed increased interest in managed subsurface drainage for its potential for early establishment of rabi crops and increased yields in the study area. This study outlines the potential benefits resulting from subsurface drainage in Khulna District.
11 Papaioannou, K. J.; de Haas, M. 2017. Weather shocks and agricultural commercialization in colonial tropical Africa: did cash crops alleviate social distress? World Development, 94:346-365. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.01.019]
Weather hazards ; Climate change ; Rain ; Drought ; Agriculture ; Commercialization ; Crop production ; Cash crops ; Harvesting ; Exports ; Food shortages ; Economic aspects ; Social aspects ; Colonialism ; Models / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048149)
(0.91 MB)
A rapidly growing body of research examines the ways in which climatic variability influences economic and societal outcomes. This study investigates how weather shocks triggered social distress in British colonial Africa. Further, it intervenes in a long-standing and unsettled debate concerning the effects of agricultural commercialization on the abilities of rural communities to cope with exogenous shocks. We collect qualitative evidence from annual administrative records to explore the mechanisms linking weather extremes to harvest failures and social distress. We also conduct econometric testing on a novel panel dataset of 143 administrative districts across west, south-central, and east Africa in the Interwar Era (1920–39). Our findings are twofold. First, we find robust evidence that rainfall anomalies (both drought and excessive precipitation) are associated with spikes in imprisonment (our proxy for social distress). We argue that the key causal pathway is the loss of agricultural income, which results in higher imprisonment for theft, unrest, debt, and tax default. Second, we find that the impact of weather shocks on distress is partially mitigated by the cultivation of export crops. Our findings suggest that, even in the British colonial context, smallholder export crop cultivation led to higher private incomes as well as greater public investment. Our findings speak to a topic of considerable urgency today as the process of global climate change accelerates, generating more severe and unpredictable climatic extremes. An increased understanding and identification of adaptive and mitigating factors would assist in targeting policy interventions and designing adaptive institutions to support vulnerable rural societies.
12 Stevenson, E. G. J.; Ambelu, A.; Caruso, B. A.; Tesfaye, Y.; Freeman, M. C. 2016. Community water improvement, household water insecurity, and women’s psychological distress: an intervention and control study in Ethiopia. PLoS ONE, 11(4):1-13. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153432]
Water supply ; Community development ; Water availability ; Households ; Water insecurity ; Gender ; Womans status ; Psychological factors ; Stress ; Socioeconomic environment ; Food insecurity ; Harvesting ; Villages / Ethiopia / Amhara Region / South Wello / South Gondar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048338)
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0153432&type=printable
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048338.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048338.pdf
(0.24 MB) (244 KB)
Background
Over 650 million people worldwide lack access to safe water supplies, and even among those who have gained access to ‘improved’ sources, water may be seasonally unreliable, far from homes, expensive, and provide insufficient quantity. Measurement of water access at the level of communities and households remains crude, and better measures of household water insecurity are urgently needed to inform needs assessments and monitoring and evaluation. We set out to assess the validity of a quantitative scale of household water insecurity, and to investigate (1) whether improvements to community water supply reduce water insecurity, (2) whether water interventions affect women’s psychological distress, and (3) the impacts of water insecurity on psychological distress, independent of socio-economic status, food security, and harvest quality.
Methods and Findings
Measures were taken before and one to six months after a community water supply improvement in three villages in rural northern Ethiopia. Villages similar in size and access to water sources and other amenities did not receive interventions, and served as controls. Household water insecurity was assessed using a 21-item scale based on prior qualitative work in Ethiopia. Women’s psychological distress was assessed using the WHO Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Respondents were either female heads of household or wives of the heads of household (n = 247 at baseline, n = 223 at endline); 123 households provided data at both rounds. The intervention was associated with a decline of approximately 2 points on the water insecurity scale between baseline and endline compared to the control (beta -1.99; 95% CI’s -3.15, -0.84). We did not find evidence of impact of the intervention on women’s psychological distress. Water insecurity was, however, predictive of psychological distress (p <0.01), independent of household food security and the quality of the previous year’s harvest.
Conclusion
These results contribute to the construct validity of our water insecurity scale, and establish our approach to measuring water insecurity as a plausible means of evaluating water interventions. Improvements to community water supplies were effective in reducing household water insecurity, but not psychological distress, in this population. Water insecurity was an important predictor of psychological distress. This study contributes to an emerging literature on quantitative assessment of household water insecurity, and draws attention to the potential impact of improved access to water on women’s mental well-being.
Over 650 million people worldwide lack access to safe water supplies, and even among those who have gained access to ‘improved’ sources, water may be seasonally unreliable, far from homes, expensive, and provide insufficient quantity. Measurement of water access at the level of communities and households remains crude, and better measures of household water insecurity are urgently needed to inform needs assessments and monitoring and evaluation. We set out to assess the validity of a quantitative scale of household water insecurity, and to investigate (1) whether improvements to community water supply reduce water insecurity, (2) whether water interventions affect women’s psychological distress, and (3) the impacts of water insecurity on psychological distress, independent of socio-economic status, food security, and harvest quality.
Methods and Findings
Measures were taken before and one to six months after a community water supply improvement in three villages in rural northern Ethiopia. Villages similar in size and access to water sources and other amenities did not receive interventions, and served as controls. Household water insecurity was assessed using a 21-item scale based on prior qualitative work in Ethiopia. Women’s psychological distress was assessed using the WHO Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Respondents were either female heads of household or wives of the heads of household (n = 247 at baseline, n = 223 at endline); 123 households provided data at both rounds. The intervention was associated with a decline of approximately 2 points on the water insecurity scale between baseline and endline compared to the control (beta -1.99; 95% CI’s -3.15, -0.84). We did not find evidence of impact of the intervention on women’s psychological distress. Water insecurity was, however, predictive of psychological distress (p <0.01), independent of household food security and the quality of the previous year’s harvest.
Conclusion
These results contribute to the construct validity of our water insecurity scale, and establish our approach to measuring water insecurity as a plausible means of evaluating water interventions. Improvements to community water supplies were effective in reducing household water insecurity, but not psychological distress, in this population. Water insecurity was an important predictor of psychological distress. This study contributes to an emerging literature on quantitative assessment of household water insecurity, and draws attention to the potential impact of improved access to water on women’s mental well-being.
13 Joly, Gabrielle; Nikiema, Josiane. 2019. Global experiences on waste processing with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens): from technology to business. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 62p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 16) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.214]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Waste management ; Waste treatment ; Waste reduction ; Technology ; Black soldier fly ; Hermetia illucens ; Life cycle ; Bioconversion ; Insect farming ; Breeding ; Larvae ; Pupae ; Yields ; Harvesting ; Lipid content ; Animal feeding ; Feedstocks ; Biomass ; Biofuels ; Biodiesel ; Chitin ; Residues ; Organic wastes ; Fertilizers ; Nutrients ; Energy conservation ; Infrastructure ; Monitoring ; Economic impact ; Economic value ; Costs ; Environmental effects ; Legal aspects ; Social benefits ; Public health ; Business models ; Markets ; Case studies / Indonesia / South Africa / Ghana / Canada / FORWARD Project / AgriProtein / Ento-Prise Project / Enterra Feed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049395)
(1.68 MB)
Black soldier fly colonies can produce about 100 times more protein per year than chicken or soybeans, not to mention cattle, on the same area of land. The flies can directly feed on different types of organic wastes, leapfrogging closed loop processes within a circular food economy. Also, where no protein is needed, for example, to feed fish or pigs, the larvae can be processed into high-quality biodiesel. However, can this be done at scale? The answer is ‘Yes’. The report showcases some of the leading global businesses in Black Soldier Fly production.
14 Gomez-Zavaglia, A.; Mejuto, J. C.; Simal-Gandara, J. 2020. Mitigation of emerging implications of climate change on food production systems. Food Research International, 134:109256. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109256]
Food production ; Climate change mitigation ; Food security ; Risk assessment ; Strategies ; Crops ; Yields ; Planting ; Harvesting ; Irrigation ; Arable land ; Pests ; Livestock ; Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Emission reduction ; Public health ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049677)
(0.34 MB)
Crops, livestock and seafood are major contributors to global economy. Agriculture and fisheries are especially dependent on climate. Thus, elevated temperatures and carbon dioxide levels can have large impacts on appropriate nutrient levels, soil moisture, water availability and various other critical performance conditions. Changes in drought and flood frequency and severity can pose severe challenges to farmers and threaten food safety. In addition, increasingly warmer water temperatures are likely to shift the habitat ranges of many fish and shellfish species, ultimately disrupting ecosystems. In general, climate change will probably have negative implications for farming, animal husbandry and fishing. The effects of climate change must be taken into account as a key aspect along with other evolving factors with a potential impact on agricultural production, such as changes in agricultural practices and technology; all of them with a serious impact on food availability and price. This review is intended to provide critical and timely information on climate change and its implications in the food production/consumption system, paying special attention to the available mitigation strategies.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
