Your search found 9 records
1 Jewitt, G.; Kunz, R. 2011. The impact of biofuel feedstock production on water resources: a developing country perspective. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 5(4):387-398.
Bioenergy ; Biofuels ; Feedstocks ; Water resources ; Water management ; Developing countries ; Environmental flows ; Water use ; Water users ; Land use / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044736)
(0.57 MB)
Worldwide, the demand for energy has grown rapidly over the past decade, resulting in oil prices peaking during 2008 and again in 2011. Utilizing the potential for the production of fuels from alternative sources has been a priority for many countries, particularly the developed countries of Europe and America. The production of ethanol and diesel from vegetable biomass and oils, (i.e. biofuels) has been promoted as an environmentally friendly alternative to oil-based fuels. However, many have warned against the rush to plant large areas of land for bioenergy production, warning against, inter alia, potential consequences for loss of food production, questions about the sustainability of many initiatives and, very importantly, queries about the water use of bioenergy production, from the crop growth to the fi nal synthesis of the liquid fuel and the inputs required. Many analyses of biofuel feedstock production potential are undertaken at macro levels, based on average conditions. However, the reality is that in many developing countries, particularly those of Africa, consideration of biofuel production and its sustainability requires specifi c consideration of the high natural variability of climatic and other factors governing its production and impact. In this paper, perspectives on the water resources aspects of large-scale biofuel feedstock production in sub-Saharan Africa are provided and the approach taken by South Africa in this regard is described.
2 Damen, B.; Tvinnereim, S. (Eds.) 2012. Sustainable bioenergy in Asia: improving resilience to high food prices and climate change. Selected papers from a conference held in Bangkok from 1 to 2 June 2011. Bangkok, Thailand: FAO. 105p. (Regional Conference for Asia and The Pacific (RAP) Publication 2012/14)
Bioenergy ; Energy generation ; Biomass ; Technology ; Food prices ; Food security ; Climate change ; Rural development ; Poverty ; Ethanol ; Feedstocks ; Sorghum ; Rice ; Economic aspects ; Financing ; Public-private cooperation ; Environmental effects ; Case studies ; Policy ; Indicators ; Households ; Water resources ; Water depletion ; Water quality ; Pumping / Asia / Thailand
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045193)
(5.47 MB) (4.9MB)
3 Asamoah, Bernice; Nikiema, Josiane; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Odonkor, Elsie; Njenga, M. 2016. A review on production, marketing and use of fuel briquettes. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 51p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 07) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.200]
Fuel consumption ; Charcoal ; Briquettes ; Fuelwood ; Urban wastes ; Solid wastes ; Waste management ; Industrial wastes ; Organic wastes ; Recycling ; Faecal sludge ; Sewage sludge ; Renewable energy ; Domestic consumption ; Households ; Cooking ; Energy resources ; Energy generation ; Feedstocks ; Communities ; Biomass ; Environmental impact ; Agricultural sector ; Residues ; Pollution ; Emission ; Developing countries ; Gender ; Women ; Men ; Youth ; Chemicophysical properties ; Carbon ; Raw materials ; Supply chain ; Enterprises ; Marketing ; Retail marketing ; Production costs ; Small scale systems ; Public health ; Economic aspects / East Africa / Ghana / Kenya / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047991)
(2 MB)
Where modern heating and cooking fuels for domestic, institutional, commercial and industrial use are not readily available, briquettes made from biomass residues could contribute to the sustainable supply of energy. This study reviews the briquette making process, looking at the entire value chain starting from the type and characteristics of feedstock used for briquette making to the potential market for briquettes in developing countries. It also analyzes the role that gender plays in briquette production. Depending on the raw materials used and technologies applied during production, fuel briquettes come in different qualities and dimensions, and thus require appropriate targeting of different market segments. Key drivers of success in briquette production and marketing include ensuring consistent supply of raw materials with good energy qualities, appropriate technologies, and consistency in the quality and supply of the briquettes. Creating strong partnerships with key stakeholders, such as the municipality, financiers and other actors within the briquette value chain, and enabling policy are important drivers for the success of briquette businesses.
4 Joly, Gabrielle; Nikiema, Josiane. 2019. Global experiences on waste processing with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens): from technology to business. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 62p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 16) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.214]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Waste management ; Waste treatment ; Waste reduction ; Technology ; Black soldier fly ; Hermetia illucens ; Life cycle ; Bioconversion ; Insect farming ; Breeding ; Larvae ; Pupae ; Yields ; Harvesting ; Lipid content ; Animal feeding ; Feedstocks ; Biomass ; Biofuels ; Biodiesel ; Chitin ; Residues ; Organic wastes ; Fertilizers ; Nutrients ; Energy conservation ; Infrastructure ; Monitoring ; Economic impact ; Economic value ; Costs ; Environmental effects ; Legal aspects ; Social benefits ; Public health ; Business models ; Markets ; Case studies / Indonesia / South Africa / Ghana / Canada / FORWARD Project / AgriProtein / Ento-Prise Project / Enterra Feed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049395)
(1.68 MB)
Black soldier fly colonies can produce about 100 times more protein per year than chicken or soybeans, not to mention cattle, on the same area of land. The flies can directly feed on different types of organic wastes, leapfrogging closed loop processes within a circular food economy. Also, where no protein is needed, for example, to feed fish or pigs, the larvae can be processed into high-quality biodiesel. However, can this be done at scale? The answer is ‘Yes’. The report showcases some of the leading global businesses in Black Soldier Fly production.
5 Nikiema, Josiane; Impraim, Robert; Cofie, Olufunke; Nartey, Eric; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Thiel, Felix; Drechsel, Pay. 2020. Training manual for fecal sludge-based compost production and application. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 63p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 15) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2020.200]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Waste management ; Waste treatment ; Faecal sludge ; Composting ; Organic fertilizers ; Training materials ; Manuals ; Guidelines ; Best practices ; Organic wastes ; Solid wastes ; Liquid wastes ; Urban wastes ; Feedstocks ; Sludge dewatering ; Aerobic treatment ; Decomposition ; Enrichment ; Pelleting ; Product quality ; Monitoring ; Equipment ; Maintenance ; Safety at work ; Protective clothing ; Health hazards ; Pathogens ; Environmental effects ; Fertilizer technology ; Fertilizer application ; Plant nutrition ; Nitrogen ; Carbon ; Product certification / Ghana / Sri Lanka / Greater Accra Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049476)
(1.96 MB)
Over the last decade, the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) has explored the use of fecal sludge (FS) in combination with other organic waste sources to optimize FS treatment and composting for the production of a safe organic fertilizer, which can – depending on demand – be enriched with crop nutrients or pelletized for volume reduction, delayed decomposition or easier application. Based on IWMI’s experience, this training manual has been compiled for plant managers and trainers to help ensure that staff involved in FS treatment and production, and application of an FS-based co-compost adopt best practices in all processes involved. The manual can be adapted to local needs as required. It also includes information on compost registration and certification, as well as guidelines for co-compost application in the field.
6 Behera, B.; Selvam, S. M.; Balasubramanian, P. 2022. Hydrothermal processing of microalgal biomass: circular bio-economy perspectives for addressing food-water-energy nexus. Bioresource Technology, 359:127443. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127443]
Biomass ; Hydrothermal activity ; Circular economy ; Bioeconomy ; Foods ; Water ; Energy recovery ; Nexus approaches ; Thermochemical processes ; Technology ; Sustainability ; Biochemical processes ; Environmental impact ; Wastewater treatment ; Feedstocks ; Biofuels ; Greenhouse gas emissions
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051331)
(1.95 MB)
Hydrothermal processing of microalgae is regarded as a promising technology to generate multitude of energy based and value-added products. The niche of hydrothermal technologies is still under infancy in terms of the technical discrepancies related to research and development. Thus, the present review critically surveyed the recent advancements linked to the influencing factors governing the algal hydrothermal processing in terms of the product yield and quality. The sustainability of hydrothermal technologies as a standalone method and in broader aspects of circular bio-based economy for energy and value-added platform chemicals are comprehensively discussed. Process optimization and strategic integration of technologies has been suggested to improve efficiency, with reduced energy usage and environmental impacts for addressing the energy-food-water supply chains. Within the wider economic transition and sustainability debate, the knowledge gaps identified and the research hotspots fostering future perspective solutions proposed herewith would facilitate its real-time implementation.
7 Cookey, P. E.; Cofie, Olufunke; Koottatep, T.; Polprasert, C. 2022. Sanitation biomass recovery and conversion. In Cookey, P. E.; Koottatep, T.; Gibson, W. T.; Polprasert, C. (Eds.). Integrated functional sanitation value chain: the role of the sanitation economy. London, UK: IWA Publishing. pp.125-180. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/9781789061840_0125]
Sanitation ; Biomass ; Resource recovery ; Conversion ; Value chains ; Circular economy ; Bioeconomy ; Sewage sludge ; Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Technology ; Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Feedstocks ; Composting ; Business models ; Sustainable Development Goals / Germany / Haiti / Kenya / Braunschweig
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051381)
https://iwaponline.com/ebooks/book/chapter-pdf/1084664/9781789061840_0125.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051381.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051381.pdf
(5.63 MB) (5.63 MB)
8 Nartey, Eric Gbenatey; Sakrabani, R.; Tyrrel, S.; Cofie, Olufunke. 2023. Assessing consistency in the aerobic co-composting of faecal sludge and food waste in a municipality in Ghana. Environmental Systems Research, 12:33. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-023-00319-2]
Faecal sludge ; Composting ; Aerobic treatment ; Food waste ; Escherichia coli ; Traceability ; Consistency ; Feedstocks / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052688)
https://environmentalsystemsresearch.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40068-023-00319-2.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052688.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052688.pdf
(1.84 MB) (1.84 MB)
Background: A faecal sludge (FS) co-composting study assessed the extent of consistency in compost characteristics between and within batches. The study focused on the consistency of the co-composting process by measuring the variability of key parameters.
Method: The set up consisted of 12 FS and food waste (FW) co-composting piles in three successive batches (1, 2 and 3). Consistency was assessed in the three successive batches of co-composted FS and food waste (FW). Within batches, consistency was assessed in each of them by dividing it into four separate replicate piles. Characteristics of interest were E. coli, as well as selected physico-chemical parameters (pH, EC, Mg, Ca, N, NH4-N, NO3-N, P, avail. P, and K) and heavy metals (Se, Fe, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Cr). Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS.
Result: Results show that, E. coli levels were not consistent between the successive batches during the entire co-composting process. While variations between batches were only observed for EC and nutrient parameters, variations were evident for several measured characteristics within batches. The measured coefficient of variations (CVs) within batches ranged between 0–125% and 3–111% for heavy metals and nutrients, respectively.
Conclusion: In conclusion, there was less consistency in nutrients between successive batches and CV within batches was wide. Consistency levels for E. coli may not be an issue if pathogen inactivation is complete.
Recommendation: It is recommended that a threshold value be created for determining what is an acceptable level of variation in FS co-composting.
Method: The set up consisted of 12 FS and food waste (FW) co-composting piles in three successive batches (1, 2 and 3). Consistency was assessed in the three successive batches of co-composted FS and food waste (FW). Within batches, consistency was assessed in each of them by dividing it into four separate replicate piles. Characteristics of interest were E. coli, as well as selected physico-chemical parameters (pH, EC, Mg, Ca, N, NH4-N, NO3-N, P, avail. P, and K) and heavy metals (Se, Fe, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Cr). Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS.
Result: Results show that, E. coli levels were not consistent between the successive batches during the entire co-composting process. While variations between batches were only observed for EC and nutrient parameters, variations were evident for several measured characteristics within batches. The measured coefficient of variations (CVs) within batches ranged between 0–125% and 3–111% for heavy metals and nutrients, respectively.
Conclusion: In conclusion, there was less consistency in nutrients between successive batches and CV within batches was wide. Consistency levels for E. coli may not be an issue if pathogen inactivation is complete.
Recommendation: It is recommended that a threshold value be created for determining what is an acceptable level of variation in FS co-composting.
9 Adamtey, Noah; Badu, E.; Ayimba, N.; Kimathi, F.; Gebrezgabher, Solomie. 2024. Black soldier fly farming for feed and biofertilizer: a practical guide. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Nature-Positive Solutions. 50p.
Insect farming ; Hermetia illucens ; Feeds ; Biofertilizers ; Waste treatment ; Larvae ; Pupae ; Life cycle ; Animal feeding ; Organic wastes ; Feedstocks ; Nutrients ; Bioconversion ; Harvesting ; Storage ; Packaging ; Training materials
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052841)
(10.0 MB)
The aim of this guide is to facilitate the utilization of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) as an alternative protein and fertilizer source, contributing to employment generation and poverty reduction. It is designed to support farmers, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), Extension Agents, and other stakeholders in acquiring the necessary knowledge and skills to engage in BSF farming as a viable business opportunity. Serving as an all-encompassing guide, it systematically outlines the ‘how’ and ‘why’ behind each stage of the BSF production cycle, starting from initial startup (point zero) to the successful harvesting phase. The manual also delves into the science of BSF farming, elucidates the steps for establishment, covers best practices, and provides insights into potential challenges within the production chain, along with strategies for ensuring the sustainability of the BSF enterprise.
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