Your search found 17 records
1 UNEP. 2006. Challenges to international waters: Regional assessment in a global perspective. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP. 80(1-3):120p.
Water resources ; Water shortage ; Environmental effects ; Water policy ; Eutrophication ; Water pollution ; Fisheries / Europe / Dead Sea / Aral Sea / Black Sea
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 UNE Record No: H038436)
2 SIWI. 2001. Sustainable development and water security in the Lake Victoria Basin: Building bridges between Lake Victoria and the Baltic Sea: Lake Victoria / Baltic Sea Seminar, Stockholm, August 12, 2001. Stockholm, Sweden: SIWI. 104p. (SIWI Report 15)
Water resources ; River basins ; Catchment areas ; Environmental effects ; Water pollution ; Eutrophication ; Ecosystems ; Biodiversity ; Water resource management ; Legal aspects ; International cooperation ; Poverty ; Higher education ; Universities / Africa / Tanzania / Europe / Lake Victoria / Baltic Sea / Nile Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 SIW Record No: H034835)
3 Grip, K. 2001. The environmental situation in the Baltic Sea Basin and actions for its improvement. SIWI. Sustainable development and water security in the Lake Victoria Basin: Building bridges between Lake Victoria and the Baltic Sea: Lake Victoria / Baltic Sea Seminar, Stockholm, August 12, 2001. Stockholm, Sweden: SIWI. pp.11-20.
Water resources ; Environmental effects ; Water pollution ; Eutrophication ; Nitrogen ; Fisheries ; Pollution control / Europe / Baltic Sea
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 SIW Record No: H040371)
4 Ghassemi, F.; McAleer, M.; Oxley, L.; Scoccimarro, M. (Eds.) 2001. MODSIM 2001, International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, 10-13 December 2001: Integrating Models for Natural Resources Management Across Disciplines, Issues and Scales: Proceedings, Volume 3, Socioeconomic Systems. Canberra, Australia: Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand. pp.1031-1588.
Simulation models ; Mathematical models ; Decision support tools ; Water quality ; Eutrophication ; Rivers ; Ecosystems ; Deforestation ; Energy consumption ; GIS ; Land use ; Irrigation systems ; Water management ; Catchment areas ; Salinity ; Water allocation / Australia / New Zealand / Asia / Indonesia / India / Philippines / Thailand / Senegal / Mali / Japan / Bremer River / Senegal River / Niger River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 003.3 G000 GHA Record No: H040384)
(1.08 MB)
5 Jayatissa, L. P.; Silva, E. I. L.; McElhiney, J.; Lawton, L. A. 2006. Occurrence of toxigenic cyanobacterial blooms in freshwaters of Sri Lanka. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 29: 156-164.
Phytoplankton ; Cyanobacteria ; Eutrophication ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Reservoirs ; Tanks ; Irrigation water / Sri Lanka / Tissawewa / Colombo Lake / Kandy Lake / Situlpawwa Lake
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 7999 Record No: H041123)
A previous pioneering study of freshwater bodies in Sri Lanka revealed the presence of toxic cyanobacteria in three out of four water bodies tested. It was therefore important to perform a more detailed investigation into the presence of cyanobacteria and their toxins throughout Sri Lanka. The country has a long history of well-planned water management with the agricultural economy and drinking water supply still dependent on thousands of man-made tanks. Seventeen reservoirs from different user categories and different climatic zones were selected to study variations in phytoplankton communities with relation to major nutrients, with particular emphasis on cyanobacteria. The study was carried out during a two-year period and heavy growths or blooms of cyanobacteria observed during the study period were tested for microcystins. The results clearly categorised the 17 reservoirs into four groups parallel to the classification based on the user categories of water bodies. Biomass of total phytoplankton, the abundance of cyanobacteria, the dominance of Microcystis spp. and concentration of nitrate (N) and total phosphorous (P) were the lowest in drinking water bodies and the highest in aesthetic water bodies. Irrigation water bodies showed the second lowest values for phytoplankton biomass, and concentration of N and P, while hydropower reservoirs showed the second highest values for the same parameters. The fraction of cyanobacteria in irrigation waters was higher than that in hydropower reservoirs, but surprisingly the dominance of Microcystis spp. was reversed. Possible reasons for these variations are discussed. More than half of the bloom material tested contained microcystins up to 81microgl(-1). Our findings indicate the potential for high-risk situations due to toxigenic cyanobacterial blooms in susceptible freshwaters of Sri Lanka.
6 Amarasiri, S. 2015. Caring for water. 2nd ed. Katugastota, Sri Lanka: National Water Supply and Drainage Board. Greater Kandy Water Supply Project. 166p.
Water resources ; Surface water ; Water use ; Water quality ; Drinking water ; Waterborne diseases ; Water pollution ; Water storage ; Acidity ; Alkalinity ; Saline water ; Eutrophication ; Plankton blooms ; Phosphorus ; Industrial uses ; Industrial pollutants / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G744 AMA Record No: H047148)
(0.40 MB)
7 Mayer, B. K.; Baker, L. A.; Boyer, T. H.; Drechsel, Pay; Gifford, M.; Hanjra, Munir A. 2016. Total value of phosphorus recovery. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(13):6606-6620. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01239]
Resource recovery ; Phosphorus ; Renewable energy ; Food production ; Food security ; Waste water treatment plants ; Eutrophication ; Water pollution ; Water reuse ; Water quality ; Heavy metals ; Minerals ; Social aspects ; Equity ; Fertilizers ; Environmental effects ; Urban wastes
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047624)
(3.33 MB)
Phosphorus (P) is a critical, geographically concentrated, nonrenewable resource necessary to support global food production. In excess (e.g., due to runoff or wastewater discharges), P is also a primary cause of eutrophication. To reconcile the simultaneous shortage and overabundance of P, lost P flows must be recovered and reused, alongside improvements in P-use efficiency. While this motivation is increasingly being recognized, little P recovery is practiced today, as recovered P generally cannot compete with the relatively low cost of mined P. Therefore, P is often captured to prevent its release into the environment without beneficial recovery and reuse. However, additional incentives for P recovery emerge when accounting for the total value of P recovery. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the range of benefits of recovering P from waste streams, i.e., the total value of recovering P. This approach accounts for P products, as well as other assets that are associated with P and can be recovered in parallel, such as energy, nitrogen, metals and minerals, and water. Additionally, P recovery provides valuable services to society and the environment by protecting and improving environmental quality, enhancing efficiency of waste treatment facilities, and improving food security and social equity. The needs to make P recovery a reality are also discussed, including business models, bottlenecks, and policy and education strategies.
8 Munyati, C. 2015. A spatial analysis of eutrophication in dam reservoir water on the Molopo River at Mafikeng, South Africa. Sustainability of Water Quality and Ecology, 6:31-39. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.swaqe.2015.01.005]
Water pollution ; Eutrophication ; Dams ; Reservoirs ; Wastewater ; Sewage effluent ; GIS ; Remote sensing ; Satellite imagery ; Spatial variation ; Environmental management ; Plant nutrition ; Rivers / South Africa / Mafikeng / Molopo River / Cooke’s Lake Reservoir / Lotlamoreng Reservoir / Modimola Reservoir / Disaneng Reservoir
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047959)
(1.23 MB)
In water-scarce environments, surface water bodies serve both as water sources and waste disposal channels. The Molopo River that drains through Mafikeng, South Africa, has been dammed for agricultural and municipal water supply, resulting in four reservoirs near Mafikeng. It receives municipal waste water discharges from point pollution source sewage processing plants. In this study the spatial variation in the manifestation of eutrophication in the reservoir water was examined. Surface water samples were collected from the four reservoirs in July (dry season), and analysed for nutrient (NO3 , PO4 3) concentrations. The dry season low river flow period was perceived as the period when the eutrophication problem is more acute. Near infrared (NIR) reflectance from the reservoirs, due to algae and macrophytes like the water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes), was used as manifestation of eutrophication on satellite imagery. The presence of these plant NIR reflectors in the water bodies was assessed using near-concurrent multispectral SPOT 5 images. The image digital number (DN) values were converted to reflectance values. Geostatistical analysis indicated autocorrelation of algal abundance as indicated by the near infrared (NIR, 0.78–0.89 lm) reflectance. Ordinary kriging interpolation indicated change in algal abundance away from the point nutrient sources. Reservoirs with direct effluent point sources had higher nutrient concentrations and NIR reflectance than those without direct point sources. The results indicate the reservoirs to range between eutrophic and hypertrophic, and show the suitability of SPOT 5 imagery for use in the assessment of eutrophication in support of environmental quality assessments for inland water bodies.
9 Kidd, M. 2017. Climate change, groundwater and the law: exploring the connections in South Africa. Water International, 42(6):678-690. (Special issue: Groundwater and Climate Change - Multi-Level Law and Policy). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2017.1351057]
Climate change ; Groundwater management ; Water law ; Legislation ; Licences ; Water resources ; Assessment ; Water pollution ; Sewage ; Acid mine drainage ; Eutrophication ; Hydraulic fracturing / South Africa / Tosca Molopo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048264)
(1.12 MB)
Projected impacts of climate change on water availability in South Africa are likely to result in the increasing use of groundwater, which is relatively underused at present. Several threats to groundwater, including acid mine drainage, pervasive water pollution (particularly from untreated sewage), and planned hydraulic fracturing will have to be addressed to protect the country’s groundwater reserves. This article considers the role that law can play in both managing groundwater and protecting it from these and other threats.
10 Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Zadeh, S. M.; Turral, H. (Eds.) 2018. More people, more food, worse water?: a global review of water pollution from agriculture. Rome, Italy: FAO; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 224p.
Water pollution ; Agricultural waste management ; Agricultural wastewater ; Food consumption ; Population growth ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Risk management ; Pollutants ; Organic matter ; Pathogens ; Food wastes ; Water quality ; Models ; Farming systems ; Intensification ; Fertilizer application ; Pesticide application ; Aquaculture ; Livestock production ; Nutrient management ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Salts ; Soil salinization ; Irrigation water ; Freshwater ; Public health ; Environmental health ; Water policy ; Sediment ; Erosion control ; Eutrophication ; Lakes ; Reservoirs ; Good agricultural practices ; Economic aspects
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048855)
(6.85 MB)
Current patterns of agricultural expansion and intensification are bringing unprecedented environmental externalities, including impacts on water quality. While water pollution is slowly starting to receive the attention it deserves, the contribution of agriculture to this problem has not yet received sufficient consideration.
We need a much better understanding of the causes and effects of agricultural water pollution as well as effective means to prevent and remedy the problem. In the existing literature, information on water pollution from agriculture is highly dispersed. This repost is a comprehensive review and covers different agricultural sectors (including crops, livestock and aquaculture), and examines the drivers of water pollution in these sectors as well as the resulting pressures and changes in water bodies, the associated impacts on human health and the environment, and the responses needed to prevent pollution and mitigate its risks.
We need a much better understanding of the causes and effects of agricultural water pollution as well as effective means to prevent and remedy the problem. In the existing literature, information on water pollution from agriculture is highly dispersed. This repost is a comprehensive review and covers different agricultural sectors (including crops, livestock and aquaculture), and examines the drivers of water pollution in these sectors as well as the resulting pressures and changes in water bodies, the associated impacts on human health and the environment, and the responses needed to prevent pollution and mitigate its risks.
11 Zadeh, S. M.; Turner, D.; Turral, H.; Spottorno, C.; Opio, C. 2018. Nutrients. In Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Zadeh, S. M.; Turral, H. (Eds.). More people, more food, worse water?: a global review of water pollution from agriculture. Rome, Italy: FAO; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). pp.53-75.
Nutrients ; Fertilizer application ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Agricultural production ; Water pollution ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Freshwater ; Ecosystems ; Farmland ; Livestock ; Environmental effects ; Lakes ; Eutrophication ; Reservoirs ; Coastal waters ; Public health
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048865)
(580 KB)
12 Tennakoon, M. U. A. 2017. Cascade based tank renovation for climate resilience improvement. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Ministry of Disaster Management. 137p.
Tank irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Water distribution systems ; Reservoirs ; Drainage canals ; Terminology ; Environmental effects ; Eutrophication ; Water quality ; Sedimentation ; Salinity ; Soil types ; Rain ; Biodiversity ; Crop production ; Deforestation ; Development projects ; Arid zones / Sri Lanka / Maha Nanneriya Cascade
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 628.13 G744 TEN Record No: H048955)
(0.38 MB)
13 Alcamo, J. 2019. Water quality and its interlinkages with the sustainable development goals. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 36:126-140. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2018.11.005]
Sustainable Development Goals ; Water quality ; Indicators ; Case studies ; Wastewater treatment ; Bioenergy ; Fuel crops ; Costs ; Irrigated farming ; Water pollution ; Salinity ; Coastal area ; Eutrophication ; Resistance to antibiotics
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049119)
(0.45 MB)
Interlinkages among the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) lead to important trade-offs and synergies among the goals and their underlying targets. The aim of this paper is to review the role of water quality as an agent of interlinkages among the SDGs. It was found that there are a small number of explicit interconnections, but many more inferred interlinkages between water quality and various targets. A review of case studies showed that interlinkages operate from the municipal to near-global scales, that their importance is likely to increase in developing countries, and that new SDG indicators are needed to monitor them. The analysis identifies many different SDG target areas where a combined effort between the water quality community and other sectors would bring mutual benefits in achieving the water quality and other targets.
14 Mudaly, L.; van der Laan, M. 2020. Interactions between irrigated agriculture and surface water quality with a focus on phosphate and nitrate in the Middle Olifants Catchment, South Africa. Sustainability, 12(11):4370. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114370]
Irrigated farming ; Surface water ; Water quality ; Nutrients ; Phosphates ; Nitrates ; Catchment areas ; Eutrophication ; Irrigation water ; Irrigation canals ; Drainage canals ; Sediment ; Pollution ; Wastewater treatment ; Rivers ; Reservoirs ; Rain ; Monitoring ; Electrical conductivity / South Africa / Olifants River Catchment / Loskop Dam / Flag Boshielo Dam / Elands River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049999)
(5.83 MB) (5.83 MB)
Little is understood on the interaction between irrigated agriculture and surface water quality in South African catchments. A case study was conducted on the Middle Olifants Catchment, which contains the second largest irrigation scheme in South Africa. Dams, rivers, irrigation canals, and drainage canals were sampled between the Loskop and Flag Boshielo Dams. Results were compared to historical water quality monitoring data from the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS). While DWS data indicate that phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) does not pose a eutrophication risk, our monitored data were above the eutrophication threshold for the majority of the sampling period. In general, phosphorus (P) pollution is a bigger issue than nitrogen (N), and concentrations of these nutrients tend to be higher during the summer rainfall months, potentially indicating a link to agriculture and fertilization events. We estimated that waste water treatment works (WWTW), which are currently systematically failing in South Africa, have the potential to pollute as much P as irrigated agriculture. Electrical conductivity levels increased downstream, moving from the acceptable towards the tolerable category, while the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) presents a moderate risk of infiltrability problems. The pH values were generally in the ideal range. This study has highlighted existing and looming water quality issues for irrigation and the environment in the Middle Olifants. Similar scoping studies are recommended for other intensively-irrigated catchments in the region to identify issues and allow timely intervention.
15 Mapa, R. B. (Ed.) 2020. The soils of Sri Lanka. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. 128p. (World Soils Book Series) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44144-9]
Soil types ; Soil surveys ; Soil sciences ; Geomorphology ; Geology ; Soil degradation ; Soil fertility ; Soil salinity ; Soil erosion ; Mineralogical soil types ; Tropical soils ; Clay minerals ; Kaolinite ; Smectites ; Luvisols ; Acrisols ; Alluvial soils ; Rock ; Weathering ; Highlands ; Landslides ; Arid zones ; Lowland ; Climatic zones ; Agroecological zones ; Coastal plains ; Floodplains ; Plantation crops ; Land resources ; Land use planning ; Legislation ; Drainage systems ; Eutrophication ; Environmental effects ; Monsoon climate ; Rain ; Temperature ; Waterlogging / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H049945)
16 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2013. OECD compendium of agri-environmental indicators. Paris, France: OECD Publishing. 181p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264186217-en.]
Agricultural production ; Environmental factors ; Indicators ; OECD countries ; Water resources ; Water use ; Water extraction ; Water quality ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Ammonia ; Acidification ; Eutrophication ; Soil erosion ; Wind erosion ; Water erosion ; Climate change ; Land cover ; Land use ; Farmland ; Organic agriculture ; Pesticides ; Irrigation water ; Nutrients ; Nitrates ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; On-farm consumption ; Energy consumption ; Biofuels ; Methyl bromide ; Ozone depletion ; Transgenic plants ; Biodiversity ; Birds ; Economic aspects ; Markets ; Trends ; Policies ; Monitoring and evaluation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050073)
(2.45 MB)
17 Nilsson, J. E.; Weisner, S. E. B.; Liess, A. 2023. Wetland nitrogen removal from agricultural runoff in a changing climate. Science of The Total Environment, 892:164336. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164336]
Agricultural runoff ; Nitrogen retention ; Constructed wetlands ; Changing climate ; Eutrophication ; Denitrification ; Drought ; Vegetation ; Organic matter ; Precipitation / Sweden
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051993)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969723029571/pdfft?md5=8b605451b679bf02fb88be90f871c782&pid=1-s2.0-S0048969723029571-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051993.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051993.pdf
(1.99 MB) (1.99 MB)
Wetlands in agricultural areas mitigate eutrophication by intercepting nutrient transports from land to sea. The role of wetlands for nutrient removal may become even more important in the future because of the expected increase in agricultural runoff due to climate change. Because denitrification is temperature dependent, wetland nitrogen (N) removal usually peaks during the warm summer. However, climate change scenarios for the northern temperate zone predict decreased summer and increased winter flows. Future wetlands may therefore shift towards lower hydraulic loading rate and N load during summer. We hypothesised that low summer N loads would decrease annual wetland N removal and tested this by examining 1.5–3 years of continuous N removal data from created agricultural wetlands in two regions in southern Sweden (East and West) during different periods. West wetlands showed relatively stable hydraulic loads throughout the year, whereas East wetlands had pronounced no-flow periods during summer. We compared East and West wetlands and tested the effects of several variables (e.g., N concentration, N load, hydraulic load, depth, vegetation cover, hydraulic shape) on annual absolute and relative N removal. We found no difference in annual N removal between East and West wetlands, even though summer N loads were lower in East than in West wetlands. A possible explanation is that stagnant water conditions in East wetlands suppressed decomposition of organic matter during summer, making more organic matter available for denitrification during winter. Absolute N removal in all wetlands was best explained by N load and hydraulic shape, whereas relative N removal was best explained by emergent vegetation cover and hydraulic shape. This study highlights the importance of design and location of agricultural wetlands for high N removal, and we conclude that wetlands in a future climate may remove N from agricultural runoff as efficiently as today.
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